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Les pratiques effectives d’évaluation de la performance arbitrale : entre référents institutionnels et référés situés
No full textInternational audienceElite referees are subject to dual evaluation: media-based and institutional. While media evaluation, although contested, influences their public image and may affect their careers, institutional evaluation, conducted by federations, plays a structuring role in their professional trajectory. Yet research specifically examining this institutional process remains limited. The French Football Federation's Refereeing Department solicit former referees as assessors, tasked with evaluating referee performance. This evaluation, primarily summative in nature, contributes to referees' promotion, retention, or relegation at the end of the season. Since 2024, substantive work has been undertaken to enhance the role of assessors, within which a PhD in Sport Sciences was initiated in 2025. This research, grounded in cognitive anthropology and a situated approach to activity, examines evaluative practices by articulating the lived experience, expertise, and meanings constructed by actors. This communication explores the relationship between referents (that against which a judgment is made) and referred elements (that from which it is constructed). While referents appear formalized in institutional evaluation reports, referred elements remain largely absent. The methodology relies on ethnographic immersions during pre-season training camps and matches, enabling in situ documentation of assessors' activity. Subsequently, based on evaluation traces, post hoc self-confrontation interviews are conducted to access the assessor's perspective. Initial findings reveal that referred elements are deeply situated. Referents are not all pre-established ; they may emerge during the process, and a single referred element can be interpreted differently depending on the referents mobilized. These observations call for rethinking assessor training from a situated perspective, grounded in the in-action specification of criteria and the co-construction of shared referred elements.Les arbitres de haut niveau sont soumis à une double évaluation : médiatique et institutionnelle. Si l’évaluation médiatique, bien que contestée, influence leur image publique et peut affecter leur carrière, l’évaluation institutionnelle, portée par les fédérations, joue un rôle structurant dans leur parcours professionnel. Pourtant, les recherches portant spécifiquement sur ce processus institutionnel demeurent limitées. La Direction de l’Arbitrage de la Fédération Française de Football mobilise d’anciens arbitres en tant qu’observateurs, chargés d’évaluer la performance des arbitres. Cette évaluation, essentiellement sommative, contribue à la progression, le maintien ou la rétrogradation des arbitres en fin de saison. Depuis 2024, un travail de fond s’est engagé pour valoriser le rôle des observateurs dans lequel s’inscrit un doctorat en STAPS initié en 2025. Cette recherche, inscrite dans une anthropologie cognitive et une approche située de l’activité, interroge les pratiques évaluatives en articulant vécu, expérience et significations construites par les acteurs. Cette communication explore la relation entre référents (ce par rapport à quoi un jugement est porté) et référés (ce à partir de quoi il est construit). Alors que les référents apparaissent formalisés dans un rapport d’évaluation institutionnel, les référés restent largement absents. La méthodologie repose sur des immersions ethnographiques lors de stages de début de saison et de matchs, permettant de documenter l’activité in situ des observateurs. Puis, à partir des traces de l’évaluation, des entretiens d’auto-confrontation ex post sont réalisés pour accéder au point de vue de l’observateur. Les premiers résultats montrent que les référés sont profondément situés. Les référents ne sont pas tous préétablis ; ils peuvent émerger au cours du processus, et un même référé peut être interprété différemment selon les référents mobilisés. Ces constats invitent à interroger la formation des observateurs dans une perspective située, fondée sur la spécification en acte des critères et la co-construction de référés partagés
Le blâme infligé à un gardien de la paix auteur de violences conjugales est proportionné, Note sous CAA Versailles, 3 juin 2025, no 23VE01595
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A ThDP-Dependent Enzyme with a Broad Nucleophilic Substrate Spectrum: Stereoselective Carboligation Reactions Catalyzed by Escherichia coli SucA
No full textInternational audienceMost bioactive molecules possess complex structures with multiple functionalities and chiral centers. Consequently, their synthesis often involves numerous steps, leading to low overall yields. An eco-friendly solution is to use the EcSucA enzyme, which facilitates the highly selective formation of C–C bonds, providing access to complex multifunctional motifs. Thanks to the unusual broad substrate spectrum of this carboligase, various chiral δ-hydroxy-γ-ketoacids could be produced in a single step, demonstrating that EcSucA can be efficiently integrated into total synthesis pathways
Evaluating the Mechanical Performance of Bio-Based Concrete: The Role of Aggregate Type and Orientation in Compression Cyclic Loading
No full textInternational audienceThis study evaluates the effect of the physical aspects of four bio-aggregates (Hemp, bamboo, rapeseed, and reed) on the mechanical properties of bio-based concrete under cyclic compression loading. The bio-based specimens are assessed with respect to two distinct orientations of bio-aggregates: Perpendicular to compaction direction, and parallel to compaction direction. The digital image correlation (DIC) method permits to monitor strain and displacement fields throughout 19 loading–unloading cycles. Beyond conventional mechanical characterization, DIC data were processed to quantify crack density, crack length, and crack opening displacement (COD) as indicators of fatigue damage evolution.Hemp concrete exhibited the highest compressive strength and modulus, while bamboo concrete showed the weakest performance despite its higher density. In perpendicular orientation, specimens demonstrated cyclic hardening up to 4.5 % strain before entering a damage phase, whereas parallel-oriented specimens began degrading around 1.8 % strain.The useable strength of parallel-oriented specimens denotes the particle/binder affinity rather than the actual material's strength. The deformation charts given by the digital image correlation show that specimens tested under perpendicular orientation of bio-aggregates exhibit two horizontal lines of stress concentration whereas specimens tested under parallel orientation show the propagation of a vertical concentration lines.The failure mode of the perpendicular-oriented specimens is characterized by gradual crushing of bio-aggregates whereas the parallel-oriented specimens fail due to buckling that splits the specimen into two different parts on either side of the vertical concentration lines. Crack analysis revealed that hemp, reed, and rapeseed concretes developed limited and slowly propagating cracks (average rate 0.18–0.23 mm/cycle), with maximum crack lengths below 5 mm and narrow CODs (less than 2 mm). In contrast, bamboo concrete displayed rapid crack propagation (dL/dN around 3.66 mm/cycle), high crack density (32), and wide openings (higher than 4 mm), reflecting weak interfacial bonding.Hence, hemp shives oriented perpendicularly provides the ideal optimized configuration of bio-based concretes assessed in this study
Mesozoic magmatism in the Andes of southern Ecuador and northern Peru: Tectonic insights from whole-rock chemistry and zircon petrochronology
No full textInternational audienceThe southern Ecuador–northern Peru region marks the transition between the northern and central Andes. This study reconstructs the Mesozoic magmatic history of this key region by integrating petrography, Usingle bondPb geochronology, whole-rock and zircon geochemistry, and εHf(t) and δ18O zircon isotopic data from plutonic rocks. Our results indicate that much of the Mesozoic magmatism occurred in an extensional arc setting, with magmatic reservoirs progressively incorporating more depleted, mantle material, while crustal contributions diminished through time. Magmatic reservoirs evolved both spatially and temporally, beginning with an extensive Triassic arc dominated by granitoids exhibiting strong crustal signatures at least until 220 Ma. This was followed by mildly enriched signatures associated with a stationary Jurassic to Early Cretaceous arc active between ∼190 and ∼ 126 Ma. Somewhere in between 126 and 104 Ma, the arc underwent a significant westward migration, potentially driven by slab rollback, which coincided with the opening of the Celica–Lancones Basin and the subsequent emplacement of the Late Cretaceous Celica–Lancones arc onto oceanic basement. This migration is consistent with westward shifts observed in central Ecuador and Colombia but contrasts with coeval eastward migration documented in central and southern Peru. In addition, new Usingle bondPb ages challenge current interpretations of a missing Jurassic arc in northern Peru by providing clear evidence that Jurassic magmatism extended at least as far south as 6°S
Judith Gautier’s Livre de Jade: Chinese Poetry in Mutation
No full textInternational audienceIn 1867, Judith Gautier published Le Livre de Jade, the first literary translation of Chinese poetry in the West – a work that achieved remarkable success during the Belle Époque. This success can be explained, in part, by the linguistic, cultural, and poetic mutations that Chinese poetry underwent through Gautier’s adaptation. The daughter of Théophile Gautier, she drew inspiration as much from Romanticism and the Parnassian movement as from classical Chinese poetry . This paper proposes to examine the Parnassian and Romantic mutations that intertwine in Le Livre de Jade, generating a profound aesthetic renewal.We will also explore the various strategies employed by Judith Gautier to Westernise Chinese poetry, whether through the adaptation of vocabulary or through intertextual references. Particular attention will be paid to the mutations of symbols drawn from Chinese poetry, which under Gautier’s pen often become images devoid of their original symbolic depth. By avoiding footnotes in order to preserve a smooth reading experience for her French audience, the poet converts Chinese place names, fauna, and flora, thus offering the Belle Époque public a poetic vision of China. These mutations ultimately allowed Gautier to reinvent the poetic aesthetics of the Belle Époque through a freer poetic form, one that borders on prose poetry: we will therefore observe that Le Livre de Jade was appreciated less as a translation than as an original work of poetry, exerting a notable influence on Belle Époque poets, especially within the Symbolist movement.Situated at the crossroads of French literature, comparative literature, and translation studies, this proposal offers a new perspective on Le Livre de Jade as a pioneering work of cultural transfer between China and France, viewed through the prism of aesthetic and cultural mutation
When accommodations are not enough: A multi-study examination of teacher bias toward students with special educational needs across student gender
No full textInternational audienceThis research examines whether a student's special educational needs (SEN) status accompanied by accommodations influences teachers' evaluations of performance, and whether effects vary by student gender. Across three preregistered experimental studies (N = 1214) with pre-service and in-service teachers in France, we investigated whether students with SEN were devalued in grades and competence-a backlash effect-and whether fairness perceptions moderated this bias. We operationalized an SEN case as an ADHD-labeled student receiving reduced-exercise accommodations. In Studies 1-2, students with SEN received lower grades and competence ratings than non-SEN peers, regardless of student gender or relative performance. Study 3 introduced a cross-gender comparison, testing whether female students with SEN faced heightened backlash versus male non-SEN peers. A consistent backlash effect emerged across studies, unaffected by gender contrast. Notably, fairness perceptions consistently mitigated this bias. These findings highlight persistent SEN-related backlash and support fairness-focused teacher education to promote inclusive evaluation
Tunable synthesis of C-SiOxCy monoliths
No full textInternational audienceThis study establishes key structure–property relationships, offering valuable guidelines for designing porous monolithic C-SiOxCy materials for energy storage sensors, and electrocatalysis. We report a tunable sol-gel synthesis of monolithic C-SiOxCy composites with tailored physicochemical and electrical properties. By combining resorcinol, formaldehyde, TEOS, APTES, and kapok fibers, twenty-one formulations were prepared while systematically varying five synthesis parameters: TEOS-to-resorcinol molar ratio, sol concentration, sol pH, drying method, and pyrolysis temperature. The resulting composites exhibited silica contents ranging from 19 to 80 wt%, bulk densities from 0.10 to 1.11 g/cm³, specific surface areas up to 562 m²/g, and electrical conductivities reaching 8 S/cm. Structural analyses (SEM, ²⁹Si NMR, N2 adsorption) revealed that the materials consist of integrated hybrid networks rather than separate carbon and silica domains. Factor analyses highlighted the dominant roles of TEOS/R on composition and porosity, supercritical drying on texture, and pyrolysis temperature on conductivity. Acidic conditions and sol dilution promoted high surface areas and pore volumes, while alkaline pH and carbon-rich environments enhanced electrical transport
Search for long-lived particles using displaced vertices of oppositely charged leptons in 140 fb of pp collisions at TeV with the ATLAS detector
No full textInternational audienceA search is presented for long-lived particles decaying into an oppositely charged lepton pair, , , or , that form a vertex within the inner tracking system of the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, displaced from the primary proton-proton interaction region. The analysis uses the 140 fb of Run-2 data collected at TeV by the ATLAS experiment in 2015-2018. The results of the analysis are interpreted in the context of three benchmark models covering masses from 0.1 to 2.2 TeV and a range of mean proper lifetimes times the speed of light from 1 to 10000 mm. The first model is a generic boson pair-produced by a new heavy scalar, with the decaying into lepton pairs. The remaining two models are -parity violating supersymmetric models in which the lightest neutralino decays into (, ). The models differ by the mode of production of the , which can be produced via the decay of pairs of gluinos or of pairs of charginos and neutralinos (, , or ). Although each benchmark sample includes pair-produced LLPs, only a single vertex is required to be reconstructed. No dilepton displaced vertex candidate is observed and the results are presented as upper limits on the production cross-sections. This analysis sets leading limits on the production cross-sections for multiple models, including parameter space that has never been directly probed