HAL Clermont Université
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Il programma “Disabilità e cittadinanza” mette alla prova l’educazione e l’insegnamento superiore
No full textInternational audienceEn 2018, les universités Clermont Auvergne et de Saint Boniface (Manitoba, Canada) inauguraient le programme «Handicap et citoyenneté» qui a évolué en 2021 pour devenir un volet du programme «Transmission, citoyenneté et engagement». Ce programme international et pluriannuel a rapidement associé une diversité de partenaires, tant sur le plan national, y compris dans les territoires ultramarins, qu’international. Ces partenaires sont académiques dont les universités italiennes de Turin et de Molise, mais ils sont aussi des institutions publiques à l’instar de l’État, des collectivités territoriales, des structures intercommunales…, des entreprises, des associations… Le programme est par exemple parrainé par le secrétariat d’État français en charge du handicap ainsi que par les ministères des sports, de la culture et de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche. Depuis ses débuts, il a été ainsi particulièrement accompagné par la région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Il l’a été aussi par le département du Puy-de-Dôme, la ville de Clermont-Ferrand, la collectivité territoriale de Guyane, la Banque populaire AuRa, le BDE STAPS, l’APAJH, ARAPH, Art sans exclusion, Cantacorda, Caravansérail, Droit au savoir, le Réseau de recherches sur la cohésion sociale ou encore l’Agence universitaire de la francophonie, etc.Nel 2018, le Università Clermont Auvergne e di Saint Boniface (Manitoba, Canada) hanno inaugurato il programma «Disabilità e cittadinanza», che nel 2021 si è evoluto diventando una parte del programma «Trasmissione, cittadinanza e impegno». Questo programma internazionale e pluriennale ha rapidamente associato una varietà di partner, a livello sia nazionale, inclusi i territori d’oltremare, sia internazionale. Questi partner sono accademici, come le Università italiane di Torino e del Molise, ma anche istituzioni pubbliche come lo Stato, le collettività territoriali, le strutture intercomunali, le imprese, le associazioni, ecc. Il programma è patrocinato ad esempio dal Segretariato di Stato francese per le disabilità, così come dai Ministeri dello sport, della cultura, dell’istruzione superiore e della ricerca. Fin dall’inizio è stato particolarmente supportato dalla regione Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Lo è stato anche dal Dipartimento del Puy-de-Dôme, dalla città di Clermont-Ferrand, dalla collettività territoriale della Guyana, dalla Banque populaire AuRa, dal BDE STAPS, dall’APAJH, dall’ARAPH, da Art sans exclusion, da Cantacorda, da Caravansérail, da Droit au savoir, dal Réseau de recherches sur la cohésion sociale e dall’Agence universitaire de la francophonie, ecc
Experimental determination of equilibrium sulfur isotope fractionation factors in the gas-silicate melt-sulfide liquid system
No full textInternational audienceSulfur, despite its minor presence (~ 250 µg.g -1 ) in the bulk silicate Earth, can exhibit high solubility in melts, up to 1.5 wt. %, depending on the melt's oxidation state. Sulfur is also integral to the formation of economically significant metal ores. This study reports hightemperature equilibrium sulfur isotope fractionation between melt, sulfide, and gas phases using a dynamic 1-atm gas-mixing furnace. Equilibrium experiments conducted on a basaltic system at temperatures of 1200, 1300, and 1400 °C indicate that equilibrium sulfur isotope fractionation between a sulfide liquid and SO 2 gas is a linear function of oxygen concentration in the sulfide phase. The fractionation factor is expected to be close to 0 ‰, for a pure FeS sulfide liquid. The experiments also reveal an isotopic fractionation of S from -0.49 ± 0.97 up to +5.30 ± 0.59 ‰ between the silicate melt and sulfide liquid, with the silicate melt being enriched in 34 S. This variation was best modelled by combining compositional elements of sulfide liquid (oxygen and sulfur) and silicate melt (MgO and Na 2 O). Our results show a new mechanism of sulfur isotope fractionation between silicate melt and sulfide liquid that results in isotopically heavier melts without sulfate due to the presence of oxygen in the sulfide liquid. Applying our model to Mid-Oceanic Ridge Basalts (MORBs) shows zero S isotope fractionation is expected when the composition of the sulfide liquid is between Fe 0.92 S and Fe 0.86 SO 0.05 . This study shows that measurements of oxygen concentration in natural sulfides are required to accurately interpret sulfur isotope ratios during magma evolution.</div
Deep Learning Framework for Enhanced Neutrino Reconstruction of Single-line Events in the ANTARES Telescope
No full textInternational audienceWe present the -fit algorithm designed to improve the reconstruction of neutrino events detected by a single line of the ANTARES underwater telescope, usually associated with low energy neutrino events ( 100 GeV). -Fit is a neural network model that relies on deep learning and combines several advanced techniques in machine learning --deep convolutional layers, mixture density output layers, and transfer learning. This framework divides the reconstruction process into two dedicated branches for each neutrino event topology --tracks and showers-- composed of sub-models for spatial estimation --direction and position-- and energy inference, which later on are combined for event classification. Regarding the direction of single-line events, the -Fit algorithm significantly refines the estimation of the zenithal angle, and delivers reliable azimuthal angle predictions that were previously unattainable with traditional -fit methods. Improving on energy estimation of single-line events is a tall order; -Fit benefits from transfer learning to efficiently integrate key characteristics, such as the estimation of the closest distance from the event to the detector. -Fit also takes advantage from transfer learning in event topology classification by freezing convolutional layers of the pretrained branches. Tests on Monte Carlo simulations and data demonstrate a significant reduction in mean and median absolute errors across all reconstructed parameters. The improvements achieved by -Fit highlight its potential for advancing multimessenger astrophysics and enhancing our ability to probe fundamental physics beyond the Standard Model using single-line events from ANTARES data
Differential decay rate of with the LHCb Upgrade I experiment
No full textInternational audienceThe normalised decay rate of is measured as a function of the lepton helicity angle using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of collected during October 2024 with the upgraded (Upgrade I) LHCb detector. This angular distribution can be parameterised by two coefficients, the forward-backward asymmetry, , and the flatness parameter, , whose values are constrained by conservation of angular momentum. These coefficients are measured both integrated and differentially across various kinematic and detector-response variables, and the results are found to be in good agreement with expectations. These measurements show that the detector response of the LHCb Upgrade I experiment is understood to the precision required to reliably extract the angular coefficients associated with rare and transitions, which are particularly sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model
Disorder-induced effects on spontaneous emission from quasibound states in the continuum in regular and dimer gratings
No full textInternational audienceWe investigate the spontaneous emission of a single quantum emitter coupled to quasibound states in the continuum (QBICs) supported by dielectric gratings. Using quasinormal mode theory, we calculate the radiative enhancement induced by both regular and dimer grating structures. This approach allows us to determine the optimal dimer grating and to study the impact of structural disorder on these structures. We show that structural disorder can convert symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum in regular gratings into QBICs, opening radiative channels at normal incidence. Through statistical simulations, we identify the respective roles of dimensional and positional disorder. Finally, we show that dimer gratings retain high radiative efficiency for moderate disorder strengths below 10%. Beyond this threshold, both structures exhibit comparable efficiencies
