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« Informer, rythmer, rappeler : la sphère sonore des contestations dans le sud de l'Italie du second XIXe siècle »
No full textInternational audienc
Évaluation de l'exposition de la population aux applications de pesticides à l'aide d'une carte à haute résolution de l'intensité de l'utilisation des pesticides en France métropolitaine
No full textAbstract While there is a lively debate about the potential harmful effects of pesticide use, the multiplication of data sources offers new ways of assessing these effects. To facilitate future studies, this article sets out a method for obtaining a map of pesticide use intensity for mainland France, taking into account the effect of each plot. To do so, a number of pesticide treatments was assigned to each plot based on statistical data concerning the average number of treatments per crop and per region. The final result is a raster with a resolution of 100m, which takes into account the average of treatments for the years 2019, 2020 and 2021. A first application conducted in this study showed that 25% of the French population was exposed to at least 1 pesticide treatment per year in their place of residence (5% exposed to at least 10 treatments per year). There were marked differences in exposure between regions, with particularly high exposure in the west and north of France, for example. The map of pesticide use intensity in France produced in this study is freely accessible for future studies
Gender inequality and cultural values in explaining gender differences in positive and negative emotions: A comparison of 24 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textInternational audienceAbstract The coronavirus pandemic posed a major challenge to mental health. Existing evidence shows that COVID-19 is related to poor emotional well-being, particularly among women. However, most work on the subject uses single-country samples, limiting the ability to generalize the disparity or explain it as a function of societal variables. The present study investigates the expression of positive and negative emotions during the pandemic as a function of gender and across 24 countries ( N = 49,637). Strong gender differences emerged across countries, with women reporting more negative emotions (anxious, depressed, nervous, exhausted) and less positive emotions (calm, content, relaxed, energetic) than men. The gender gap in positive emotions was significantly wider in countries higher in individualism and narrower in countries higher in power distance. For instance, differences in emotions were larger in Western countries high in individualism, such as the USA, the UK, Italy, and France, and smaller in countries with higher collectivism and power distance, such as China, Malaysia, and South Korea, with a few exceptions like Japan and Brazil. These gender differences across countries were not explained by country-level gender inequalities indicators (GGGI and GII). Interestingly, the national severity of the pandemic, an epidemiological factor, reduced gender differences in positive emotions. These results underscore the importance of considering cultural and national factors when assessing gender differences in well-being
Protected areas and local economic development
No full textInternational audienceProtected natural areas are increasingly seen as tools for economic development in sparsely populated areas. In this context, we examine the impact of Grand Site de France and World Heritage List designations on tourism supply, other local industries (retail trade and real estate), and demographics in surrounding areas. Focusing on the Chaîne des Puys–Limagne Fault, a geological site in France, we use difference-in-differences with matching. While we observe relatively diffuse demographic effects, we find that only urbanised municipalities near the site have benefited from tourism, raising questions about the effectiveness of protected areas for promoting development in low-density regions
Les tentatives d'érosion démocratique en Italie : entre fondations et "operoso costume"
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Computing regularized splines in the Riemannian manifold of probability measures
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper, we give new numerical methods to solve C2 splines for interpolating a finite set of probability measures. Due to the difficulties of generalizing interpolations and solving them with explicit expressions on manifolds, we first introduce a theoretical analysis with different structures on the Riemannian manifold of probability measures P+(I). Then, by combining standard numerical methods and a new mathematical modeling we generalize interpolating splines as a minimizer of an energy functional on P+(I). Finally, we show the efficiency of the proposed methods and their computational relevance with several applications including real medical data
Scaling up mechanisms in citizen farming initiatives: Lessons learned from a citizen-led and collective agroecological farm in France
No full textInternational audienceCitizen initiatives are gaining prominence as they clearly articulate core social values and contribute to localized agri-food transitions. However, stakeholders within these initiatives may encounter challenges when attempting to engage in rescaling processes. This raises questions regarding the implementation mechanisms: How can citizen-led agricultural and food initiatives successfully scale up, and what mechanisms and prerequisites are necessary to achieve this? To address these questions, we employ a temporal approach that integrates three analytical dimensions: meaning, governance, and space. This approach is applied to a case study of a citizen-led experiment that establishes a collective farm promoting agroecology across approximately 100 ha near Clermont-Ferrand in central France. The methodology relies on primary data obtained through participatory workshops, where participants co-constructed a chronicle of the project. The analysis results are presented as a narrative, highlighting four temporal sequences characterized by different articulations and modalities between meaning, governance, and space. By examining this unique initiative involving citizen participation in agriculture and food, we shed light on the process of collective action and the far-reaching effects of experiments that serve as alternatives to productivist agri-food models while redefining approaches to policymaking and economic practices. Through this lens, we demonstrate the project's deep-rooted connection to a complex environment, addressing the challenges faced in agri-food transition within a specific territory. © 2025 Elsevier Lt
Les Mères du désert à l’âge classique : une renaissance ? Angélique de Saint-Jean et la seconde génération de Port-Royal
No full textDécentralisation et développement économique au Burkina Faso : un éclairage (nocturne)
No full textInternational audienceDecentralization, championed by international institutions, has been one of the most prominent public sector reforms of the last decades, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. To date, few studies propose a quasi-experimental evaluation of its capacity to contribute to local development. We exploit the phase-in of decentralization at the commune level in Burkina Faso. We use satellite information on night-time light density as a proxy for local development levels, which has the advantage of being measured and comparable over time and space. The communes that were decentralized first can be compared to the others after the reform relative to the pre-reform situation. The difference-in-difference approach includes commune fixed effects and inverse propensity score reweighting to account for time-varying differences across communes. We find a positive impact of decentralization on the night-light intensity trends of the early-decentralized communes. This is supported by alternative measures (remote sensing of built-up settlements and a welfare index), which shows the possibly broader scope of decentralization gains. We show that decentralization did not lift all boats: only the communes with the ability to generate own-source revenues benefited from effective decentralization.La décentralisation, soutenue par les institutions internationales, est l'une des réformes du secteur public les plus marquantes des dernières décennies, en particulier en Afrique subsaharienne. À ce jour, peu d'études proposent une évaluation quasi-expérimentale de sa capacité à contribuer au développement local. Nous exploitons le déploiement progressif de la décentralisation au niveau communal au Burkina Faso. Nous utilisons des données satellitaires sur la densité de luminosité nocturne comme proxy des niveaux de développement local, offrant l'avantage d'une mesure comparable dans le temps et l'espace. Les communes décentralisées en premier sont comparées aux autres après la réforme par rapport à la situation pré-réforme. La méthode de différence-en-différences inclut des effets fixes par commune et une repondération par score de propension inverse pour tenir compte des différences temporelles entre communes. Nos résultats révèlent un impact positif de la décentralisation sur les tendances d'intensité lumineuse des communes décentralisées précocement. Ces conclusions sont corroborées par des mesures alternatives de résultat (télédétection des zones bâties et un indice de bien-être), qui mettent en évidence l'ampleur potentielle des gains liés à la décentralisation. Cependant, la décentralisation n'a pas bénéficié à toutes les communes : seules celles ayant la capacité de générer des revenus propres ont véritablement tiré parti de cette réforme