Sistema de Gestión del Conocimiento ANLIS MALBRÁN
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Primeiro relato da presença de Leptospira interrogans em roedores sigmodontíneos Scapteromys aquaticus
No full textLeptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonosis that can be transmitted through direct or indirect contact with the urine or tissues of infected animals. In Argentina, leptospirosis is endemic in the province of Santa Fe and epidemic outbreaks occur during floods. However, very little is known about the role that wild rodents play in the spread of the disease in Argentina. The objective of this study was to identify the host species of pathogenic Leptospira among rodents in a riverine settlement in the province of Santa Fe.We conducted a trapping session in October 2015. Kidneys of the captured animals were analyzed by real-time PCR for the LipL32 gene of pathogenic Leptospira. Animals that were positive were subjected to microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and molecular typing by amplification of the 16S rRNA gene and two multilocus sequence typing (MLST) schemes.A total of 37 rodents of the species Akodon azarae, Cavia aperea, Oligoryzomys flavescens, Rattus rattus, and Scapteromys aquaticus were captured. Real-time PCR found one male Scapteromys aquaticus that was positive. The serum of this individual and of the rest of the S. aquaticus captured (n = 18) were analyzed by MAT and were non-reactive for the 10 serovars tested. Amplification of the 16S rRNA gene identified the infective species as Leptospira interrogans, while amplification could not be obtained for the two MLST schemes.The findings of this study contribute new information concerning the presence of pathogenic Leptospira in wild rodents, which is relevant in this region because the species is widely distributed in swampy and flood-prone environments of South America
Autoevaluación de programas de prevención y control de infecciones asociadas al cuidado de la salud
No full textFil: Díaz, Carolina. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología. Programa Nacional de Vigilancia de Infecciones Hospitalarias (VIHDA); Argentina.Fil: Lerena Giordano, Roberto. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología. Programa Nacional de Vigilancia de Infecciones Hospitalarias (VIHDA); Argentina.Fil: Peralta, Norma. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología. Programa Nacional de Vigilancia de Infecciones Hospitalarias (VIHDA); Argentina.Fil: Tiseira, Patricia. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología. Programa Nacional de Vigilancia de Infecciones Hospitalarias (VIHDA); Argentina.Las Infecciones Asociadas al Cuidado de la Salud continúan representando un grave problema sanitario debido a su impacto asistencial, económico y social. El consenso interinstitucional entre el Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología, la Sociedad Argentina de Infectología y la Asociación de Enfermeros en Control de Infecciones, definió un sistema de autoevaluación de los Programas de Prevención y Control de Infecciones Asociadas al Cuidado de la Salud para instituciones de Argentina. El Programa Nacional de Vigilancia de Infecciones Hospitalarias de Argentina llevó adelante la primera edición de la Autoevaluación de los Programas Hospitalarios de Prevención y Control de Infecciones Asociadas al Cuidado de la Salud. El estudio fue soportado por una plataforma tecnológica desarrollada ad hoc en el marco del Proyecto de Desarrollo Tecnológico Social “Sistema Nacional de Evaluación de Programas de Prevención y Control de Infecciones Asociadas al Cuidado de la Salud” del Grupo Interinstitucional de Investigación y Desarrollo entre la Universidad FASTA y el Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología. El artículo presenta las características del estudio realizado en 13 instituciones de salud, cuyos resultados contribuyen al análisis de la situación y a una adecuada planificación de la intervención a fin de que los hospitales alcancen los mejores indicadores posibles mediante procesos razonables, factibles y efectivos
A Functional Analysis of the Cyclophilin Repertoire in the Protozoan Parasite Trypanosoma Cruzi
No full textFil: Perrone, Alina E. ANLIS Dr. C. G. Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben”; Argentina.Fil: Milduberger, Natalia. ANLIS Dr. C. G. Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben”; Argentina.Fil: Fuchs, Alicia G. ANLIS Dr. C. G. Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben”; Argentina.Fil: Bustos, Patricia L. ANLIS Dr. C. G. Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben”; Argentina.Fil: Bua, Jacqueline. ANLIS Dr. C. G. Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben”; Argentina.Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas disease. It affects eight million people worldwide and can be spread by several routes, such as vectorborne transmission in endemic areas and congenitally, and is also important in non-endemic regions such as the United States and Europe due to migration from Latin America. Cyclophilins (CyPs) are proteins with enzymatic peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity (PPIase), essential for protein folding in vivo. Cyclosporin A (CsA) has a high binding affinity for CyPs and inhibits their PPIase activity. CsA has proved to be a parasiticidal drug on some protozoa, including T. cruzi. In this review, we describe the T. cruzi cyclophilin gene family, that comprises 15 paralogues. Among the proteins isolated by CsA-affinity chromatography, we found orthologues of mammalian CyPs. TcCyP19, as the human CyPA, is secreted to the extracellular environment by all parasite stages and could be part of a complex interplay involving the parasite and the host cell. TcCyP22, an orthologue of mitochondrial CyPD, is involved in the regulation of parasite cell death. Our findings on T. cruzi cyclophilins will allow further characterization of these processes, leading to new insights into the biology, the evolution of metabolic pathways, and novel targets for anti-T. cruzi control
Phenotypic diversity and drug susceptibility of Trypanosoma cruzi TcV clinical isolates
No full textFil: Quebrada Palacio, Luz P. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Argentina.Fil: Gonzalez, Mariela N. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Parasitología. Departamento de Investigación y Docencia; Argentina.Fil: Hernandez-Vasquez, Yolanda. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Parasitología. Departamento de Investigación y Docencia; Argentina.Fil: Perrone, Alina E. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Parasitología. Departamento de Investigación y Docencia; Argentina.Fil: Parodi-Talice, Adriana. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias. Sección Genética. Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo. Unidad de Biología Molecular Montevideo; Uruguay.Fil: Bua, Jacqueline. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Argentina.Fil: Postan, Miriam. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Argentina.Trypanosoma cruzi is a genetically heterogeneous group of organisms that cause Chagas disease. It has been long suspected that the clinical outcome of the disease and response to therapeutic agents are, at least in part, related to the genetic characteristics of the parasite. Herein, we sought to validate the significance of the genotype of T. cruzi isolates recovered from patients with different clinical forms of Chagas disease living in Argentina on their biological behaviour and susceptibility to drugs. Genotype identification of the newly established isolates confirmed the reported predominance of TcV, with a minor frequency of TcI. Epimastigote sensitivity assays demonstrated marked dissimilar responses to benznidazole, nifurtimox, pentamidine and dihydroartemisinin in vitro. Two TcV isolates exhibiting divergent response to benznidazole in epimastigote assays were further tested for the expression of anti-oxidant proteins. Benznidazole-resistant BOL-FC10A epimastigotes had decreased expression of Old Yellow Enzyme and cytosolic superoxide dismutase, and overexpression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase and tryparedoxin- 1, compared to benznidazole-susceptible AR-SE23C parasites. Drug sensitivity assays on intracellular amastigotes and trypomastigotes reproduced the higher susceptibility of AR-SE23C over BOL-FC10A parasites to benznidazole observed in epimastigotes assays. However, the susceptibility/resistance profile of amastigotes and trypomastigotes to nifurtimox, pentamidine and dihydroartemisinin varied markedly with respect to that of epimastigotes. C3H/He mice infected with AR-SE23C trypomastigotes had higher levels of parasitemia and mortality rate during the acute phase of infection compared to mice infected with BOL-FC10A trypomastigotes. Treatment of infected mice with benznidazole or nifurtimox was efficient to reduce patent parasitemia induced by either isolate. Nevertheless, qPCR performed at 70 dpi revealed parasite DNA in the blood of mice infected with AR-SE23C but not in BOL-FC10A infected mice. These results demonstrate high level of intra-type diversity which may represent an important obstacle for the testing of chemotherapeutic agents
Clinical and epidemiological features of chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection in patients with HIV/AIDS in Buenos Aires, Argentina
No full textFil: Benchetrit, Andrés Guillermo. Hospital de Enfermedades Infecciosas Dr. Francisco Muñiz; Argentina.Fil: Fernández, Marisa. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Parasitología. Departamento de Clínica, Patología y Tratamiento; Argentina.Fil: Bava, Amadeo Javier. Hospital de Enfermedades Infecciosas Dr. Francisco Muñiz; Argentina.Fil: Corti, Marcelo. Hospital de Enfermedades Infecciosas Dr. Francisco Muñiz; Argentina.Fil: Porteiro, Norma. Hospital de Enfermedades Infecciosas Dr. Francisco Muñiz; Argentina.Fil: Martínez-Peralta, Liliana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; Argentina.Trypanosoma cruzi reactivation in HIV patients is considered an opportunistic infection, usually with a fatal outcome. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical features of T. cruzi infection in HIV patients and to compare these findings between patients with and without Chagas disease reactivation
A myotoxic Lys49 phospholipase A2-homologue is the major component of the venom of Bothrops cotiara from Misiones, Argentina
No full textFil: de Roodt, Adolfo. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Producción de Biológicos; Argentina.Fil: Fernández, Julián. Universidad de Costa Rica. Facultad de Microbiología. Instituto Clodomiro Picado; San José, Costa Rica.Fil: Solano, Daniela. Universidad de Costa Rica. Facultad de Microbiología. Instituto Clodomiro Picado; San José, Costa Rica.Fil: Lomonte, Bruno. Universidad de Costa Rica. Facultad de Microbiología. Instituto Clodomiro Picado; San José, Costa Rica.Bothrops cotiara is a pitviper found in Southeastern Brazil and, scarcely, in the Misiones province of Argentina. In contrast to considerable information available on the venom of the Brazilian snake population, that of Misiones has received little attention. While exploring the chromatographic venom profile of Argentinean B. cotiara, a major protein peak was found which, according to a previous study, is not present in the venom of Brazilian origin. The corresponding protein was isolated by RP-HPLC, and characterized by electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) assay, and myotoxic activities. Representing nearly 15% of B. cotiara venom from Misiones, this protein was identified as a Lys49 PLA2 homologue. In accordance with the characteristics of this toxin family, the protein induced myotoxicity in mice and was devoid of PLA2 activity. Since previous work reported that no PLA2 or PLA2-homologues occur in B. cotiara venom of Brazilian origin, the presence of an abundant Lys49 PLA2 homologue in the venom from Misiones highlights a striking phenotypic variation in toxin expression within two populations of a single snake species inhabiting different geographic areas. The considerable proportion of B. cotiara Lys49 PLA2 homologue myotoxin in the venom alerts that skeletal muscle necrosis might be a potentially relevant consequence of eventual envenomings by this species in Misiones
Emergence of resistance to ciprofloxacin in Neisseria meningitidis in Brazil
No full textFil: Gorla, Maria Cecília. Adolfo Lutz Institute. Bacteriology Department; Brasil.Fil: Cassiolato, Ana Paula. Adolfo Lutz Institute. Bacteriology Department; Brasil.Fil: Pinhata, Juliana Maira Watanabe. Adolfo Lutz Institute. Bacteriology Department; Brasil.Fil: de Moraes, Camile. Ministry of Health. Secretariat of Health Surveillance; Brasil.Fil: Corso, Alejandra. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Gagetti, Paula. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Lemos, Ana Paula. Adolfo Lutz Institute. Bacteriology Department; Brasil.To prevent secondary invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) cases and outbreaks, antimicrobial prophylaxis of high-risk contacts is indicated. This study reports two ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria meningitidis strains in Brazil. The 3523 N. meningitidis isolates collected throughout Brazil from 2009 to 2016 were evaluated for antimicrobial resistance. Meningococcal isolates showing minimal inhibitory concentrations, MICs≥0.125µg ml-1 to ciprofloxacin, were analysed to determine the presence of mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA and parC genes. Two ciprofloxacin-resistant N. meningitidis isolates were found, both presenting a single mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region of the gyrA gene. These results confirmed that ciprofloxacin is still a first-line drug for chemoprophylaxis. However, we highlight the importance of continued surveillance to monitor the trends of N. meningitidis susceptibility profiles to the antimicrobials recommended for chemoprophylaxis and IMD treatment
Serological study of brucellosis in Argentine Creole sheep
No full textFil: Lopez, G. Agricultural Sciences Faculty, Lomas de Zamora National University; Argentina.Fil: Peña, S. Agricultural Sciences Faculty, Lomas de Zamora National University; Argentina.Fil: Escobar, Gabriela I. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Hasan, Déborah B. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Lucero, Nidia E. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Ovine cattle was introduced into America during the Spanish conquest with the second journey of Columbus to the Antilles and was disseminated throughout the region. In 1587, sheep were introduced into Argentina, later developing into the "Creole" breed. We selected 486 animals from different Argentine provinces with the aim of determining the serological status of brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis and Brucella ovis. For the detection of antibodies against smooth Brucella spp., the Rose Bengal test (RBT) was performed as screening test while the serum agglutination test (SAT) and 2 mercapto-ethanol (2ME) were run as a confirmatory technique. Moreover, for the detection of antibodies against rough Brucella spp., we used the rapid slide agglutination test (RSAT) for screening and an indirect ELISA (IELISA) as confirmatory assay. This study showed that the total positive percentage of brucellosis due to B. ovis was 2.9%. Excluding the animals mixed with the Suffolk breed; seropositivity would be 0.6%. All animals tested negative for brucellosis caused by B. melitensis
Epidemiología de las dermatofitosis en 31 municipios de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina: estudio de 6 años
No full textFil: Mazza, Mariana. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Refojo, Nicolás. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Davel, Graciela Odelsia. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Micología; Argentina.Fil: Lima, Nelson. Universidade do Minho. Campus de Gualtar. Centre for Biological Engineering; Portugal.Fil: Dias, Nicolina. Universidade do Minho. Campus de Gualtar. Centre for Biological Engineering; Portugal.Fil: Passos da Silva, Cosme Marcelo Furtado. Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. National School of Public Health. Department of Epidemiology and Quantitative Methods in Health; Brasil.Fil: Canteros, Cristina Elena. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Background: No reliable data are available in the province of Buenos Aires regarding the frequency of dermatophytoses and other fungal diseases. The distribution of the clinical forms and the species involved are also unknown.
Aims: To present the data collected by the laboratories participating in the Mycology Network of the province of Buenos Aires (MNPBA) from a retrospective epidemiological survey on dermatophytoses.
Methods: A descriptive and exploratory analysis was performed on the cases of dermatophytoses gathered between 2002 and 2007 by the Mycology Network of the province of Buenos Aires.
Results: Of the 3966 dermatophytosis cases reported by 41 laboratories in 31 municipalities, more than a half occurred in three highly populated urban municipalities. The male:female ratio was 1:1.5. The most frequent clinical form was tinea unguium, diagnosed in 904 cases (51.83%), followed by tinea capitis (19.32%), tinea corporis (15.19%), tinea pedis (6.77%), tinea cruris (3.73%), and tinea manuum (2.18%). The species involved was identified in 1368 (33.49%) cases. Trichophyton rubrum was the most common species, with a frequency of 42.03%. An association was found between urban municipalities and T. rubrum or the Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex.
Conclusions: Results from the MNPBA survey provide valuable information that should enable further interventions to be designed in order to prevent and control the disease
An effective, simple and low-cost pretreatment for culture clarification in tetanus toxoid production
No full textFil: Avila, Lucía. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Producción de Biológicos; Argentina.Fil: Cascone, Osvaldo. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Producción de Biológicos; Argentina.Fil: Biscoglio, Mirtha. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Producción de Biológicos; Argentina.Fil: Fingermann, Matías. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Producción de Biológicos; Argentina.Chemically inactivated tetanus toxin (tetanus toxoid, TT), purified from cultures of a virulent Clostridium tetani strain, is the active pharmaceutical ingredient of anti-tetanus vaccines. Culture clarification for TT production and is usually performed by filtration-based techniques. Final clarification of the culture supernatant is achieved by passage through 0.2 µm pore size filtering membranes. Large particles removal (primary clarification) before final filtration (secondary clarification) reduces costs of the overall clarification process. With this aim, chitosan-induced particle aggregation was assessed as an alternative for primary clarification. Three chitosan variants were tested with similar results. Optimal clarification of culture supernatant was achieved by the addition of 8 mg chitosan per l of culture. Extrapolation analysis of filter sizing results indicate that 100 l of chitosan-treated supernatant can be finally filtered with a 0.6 m2 normal filtration cartridge of 0.45 + 0.2 µm pore size. The clarified material is compatible with current standard downstream processing techniques for TT purification. Thus, chitosan-induced particle aggregation is a suitable operation for primary clarification