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Decision support for in-operation monitoring of the West tokamak first wall using multimodal Large Language Model (LLM) on infrared imaging
No full textInternational audienceFirst wall protection is a critical challenge in fusion machine operation, requiring rapid and precise diagnostic capabilities. The infrared diagnostics of long-pulse fusion machines, generate a large amount of video data. At WEST, the analysis of infrared thermal data is currently performed by Plasma-facing component Protection Officers (PPOs). This work presents a novel multimodal Large Language Model (LLM) approach to support PPOs in their diagnostic tasks.The framework addresses multiple challenges in fusion machine first wall monitoring by integrating infrared data (images and temperature curves) with domainspecific expertise. Key features include the preservation of data privacy, capturing a priori expert knowledge, quick post-pulse analysis capabilities, and the incorporation of expert feedback loops. The system employs prompt engineering and Low-Rank fine-tuning to embed domain knowledge directly into the diagnostic process. An ablation study using synthetic data demonstrated that a false recognition rate below 0.01 for hot spot characteristics could be achieved with 100 training samples. Based on these findings, the model was fine-tuned using 150 pairs of real-world images and corresponding prompts.This tool, once appropriately fine-tuned, was successfully implemented in the WEST control room during the C10 (10/2024 -12/2024). Performance evaluation showed that of all the feedback collected, 32% were rated as 'OK' and 41% as 'positive response' matching expected analysis standard. This development marks a significant advancement in automated diagnostic capabilities for fusion operation
De l’urgence à l’état de nécessité climatique
No full textJulien Giudicelli, Sylvie Schmitt (dir.), La désobéissance civile : regard croisé entre la France et l'Italie, Paris, L'Harmattan, 202
Exploring the origins of magnetization within the Chicxulub crater upper peak ring
No full textInternational audienceLarge terrestrial impacts may produce vast subsurface hydrothermal systems, capable of generating conditions favorable to the origin of life. Modeling suggests that these systems may persist for >1 million years for basin‐sized craters; however, direct experimental constraints on hydrothermal system duration are needed. Paleomagnetism may be used as a tool to study the nature and duration of the postimpact hydrothermal system generated within the upper peak ring of the 200 km diameter Chicxulub crater (Yucatán Peninsula, México). Previous work observed that upper peak ring suevite samples contained characteristic remanent magnetizations with negative and positive inclinations, with most samples having a magnetic inclination close to −44°, the expected paleoinclination at the crater at the time of the impact. This magnetic record was at the time interpreted as chemical remanent magnetization (CRM) acquired over a period of at least 150 thousand years, from the time of the impact in geomagnetic Chron C29r into Chron C29n. We conducted further paleomagnetic and rock magnetic studies of upper peak ring rocks and found that, while most samples likely contain CRM acquired during Chron C29r, the dispersion of magnetic inclinations within suevite subunits is more likely attributed to pre‐depositional remanence held within clasts than the recording of magnetic reversals. Therefore, the paleomagnetic record of the peak ring suevites is non‐ideal for inferring the duration of the Chicxulub postimpact hydrothermal system
Quand le silence fait sens : la banalisation du viol en Côte d'Ivoire
No full textInternational audienceRape was made a criminal offense in Côte d’Ivoire in 1981. However, it was not until the decade of political and military crisis in Côte d’Ivoire – beginning in 2002 – that rape was marked as a matter of public concern. Prior to this decade, and despite criminalization in 1981, rape was shrouded in both institutional and social silence. This article argues that the silence observed during this period reflects the trivialization of rape in Côte d’Ivoire. This argument draws from data including rape decisions reported in the press between 1960 and 2002. It also draws from interviews that were conducted with representatives from national and international institutions, victims and perpetrators of rape, their families and civil society players. Study data were interpreted in the light of Élisabeth Noëlle-Neumann's ‘spiral of silence’ theory. According to this theory, fear of isolation can lead to silencing individuals (or the State) who renounce their own judgement if their opinion contradicts the opinion shared in their social (or political) environment.Le viol a été érigé en infraction pénale en Côte d'Ivoire en 1981. Cependant, ce n'est qu'au cours de la décennie de crise politico-militaire qui a marqué le pays – à partir de 2002 – que le viol est devenu un problème publique. Avant cette décennie, et malgré sa criminalisation en 1981, le viol était entouré d'un silence institutionnel et social. Cet article soutient que le silence observé durant cette période traduit la banalisation du viol en Côte d'Ivoire. Cet argument s'appuie sur des données incluant des décisions de justice relatives au viol rapportées dans la presse entre 1960 et 2002. Il s'appuie également sur des entretiens menés avec des représentants d'institutions nationales et internationales, des victimes et des auteurs de viol, leurs familles et des acteurs de la société civile. Les données de l'étude ont été interprétées à la lumière de la théorie de la « spirale du silence » d'Élisabeth Noëlle-Neumann. Selon cette théorie, la peur de l’isolement peut conduire à réduire au silence les individus (ou l’État) qui renoncent à leur propre jugement si leur opinion contredit celle partagée dans leur environnement social (ou politique)
Création de modèles et de langages de description pour les Arts performatifs
No full textInternational audienceThis presentation provides an overview of the work carried out to design description models tailored to the specificities of the Performing Arts. This work focuses in particular on the development of controlled vocabularies and archival schemas to enhance the description, indexing, and interoperability of data in this field. These research and development activities are conducted within the framework of several scientific collaborations, including the CANEVAS consortium (IR* HumaNum), the THEATRALIA working group (DARIAH-EU), and the Institut des Amériques (GIS IdA).Cette présentation propose un aperçu des travaux conduits en vue de la conception de modèles de description adaptés aux spécificités des Arts performatifs. Ces travaux portent notamment sur la structuration de vocabulaires contrôlés et l’élaboration de schémas archivistiques permettant une meilleure description, indexation et interopérabilité des données dans ce domaine. L’ensemble de ces recherches et développements s’inscrit dans le cadre de plusieurs collaborations scientifiques menées au sein du consortium CANEVAS (IR* HumaNum), du groupe de travail THEATRALIA (DARIAH-EU), et de l’Institut des Amériques (GIS IdA)
Rapport observatoire des usages COMMONS (Partie quantitative) 2024-2025
No full textAs part of the COMMONS usages observatory, this report focuses on the OpenEdition digital library, a French public infrastructure dedicated to scientific communication in the humanities and social sciences. OpenEdition comprises four platforms: Journals (scientific journals), Books (e-books), Hypothèses (research notebooks) and Calenda (scientific events). The aim of this study is to gain a better understanding of users' browsing practices and behaviours, using quantitative methods based on the traces left during their visits to these platforms (access history or connection logs). This work focuses on connection logs for the two periods of October 2022 and October 2023. This report presents preliminary results from work in progress.Dans le cadre de l'Observatoire des usages COMMONS, ce rapport s'intéresse à la bibliothèque numérique OpenEdition, une infrastructure publique française dédiée à la communication scientifique en sciences humaines et sociales. OpenEdition regroupe quatre plateformes : Journals (revues scientifiques), Books (livres électroniques), Hypothèses (carnets de recherche) et Calenda (événements scientifiques). Cette étude vise à mieux comprendre les pratiques et comportements de navigation des utilisateurs en s'appuyant sur des méthodes quantitatives, à partir des traces laissées lors de leurs visites sur ces plateformes (historique d’accès ou logs de connexions). Ce travail porte sur les logs de connexions des deux périodes d’octobre 2022 et octobre 2023. Ce rapport expose des résultats préliminaires issus d’un travail en cours
Hybrid Modes of Reading in Steve Tomasula's "The Color of Flesh" (Once Human, 2013)
No full textInternational audienceSteve Tomasula’s short story collection, Once Human (2013), exemplifies his experimental literary practice as a means to explore what the written word can do in the 21st century. Each story reflects on fiction at the intersection of genre, aesthetics and poetics. The reader is invited to experience a form of hyper-architext , both multi-referential and multimedia, that challenges conventional notions of the short story. This sensory and literary overstimulation, combined with Tomasula’s occasionally transgressive manipulation of storytelling conventions, drives a distinctive reading experience. Through his innovative use of the myriad possibilities offered by the surface of the page, Tomasula opens a dialogue with the reader that he encourages to question and critique his artistic practice. These stories of posthumanity and technology, situated in the endlessly proleptic ‘after’ implied by the title of the collection, focus less on a hypothetic future and more on what’s happening on the page they are inscribed on. Whether physical or digital, reflective or absorbent, Steve Tomasula’s page abolishes textual boundaries. Words and images systematically traverse Genettian thresholds—paratext, intertex and hypertext alike. Such textual transgressions—symbolic, material and cultural, all at once—open new channels of communication within the text, which the reader is tasked with keeping open and functional. Words thus become tokens, and sentences become currencies, as signifiers and signified are successively anchored and unmoored. Letters and syllables spill over, pushing the text beyond the physical confines of the book-object. This movement of the text is mirrored in the motion of language itself, invoking its referential, emotive, poetic and metalingual functions simultaneously. The reading experience that emerges is driven by the reader’s response to questions posed by the text and unfolds through contact with the page. This interaction takes the form of an exchange, a kind communication—a mode of hyper reading
Identifier les seuils écologiques pour une gestion optimisée de la biodiversité et des écosystèmes
No full textcommuniqué de presse site INRAELa réponse des écosystèmes aux changements globaux n’est pas linéaire. Il existe des points de bascule appelés seuils écologiques, à partir desquels de petits changements dans les conditions environnementales, même infimes, peuvent avoir des effets disproportionnés sur la biodiversité et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes. Ces changements climatiques (sécheresse, hausse des températures, etc.) trouvent leur origine dans les activités humaines, dont les pratiques agricoles. Comprendre et repérer ces seuils écologiques, deux objectifs qui exigent des données complexes, permettrait d’anticiper et agir avant que les écosystèmes ne se dégradent
: In che modo i processi climatici ridefiniscono i diritti fondamentali e la giustizia costituzionale: Intervista a Ornella Seigneury sulle perizie nei processi climatici
No full texthttps://proclimex.hypotheses.org/392
How can a multi-reserves DEB model help us design experiments to better understand the growth and survival of holopelagic Sargassum spp. varieties (Fucales, Phaeophyceae).
No full textInternational audienceUnprecedented quantities of the brown floating macroalgae Sargassum have been recorded in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean; however, the factors affecting their growth and survival remain poorly understood. To study how environmental conditions influence Sargassum physiology, we use a multi reserves DEB model to quantitatively assess their growth and survival to current temperature, nutrient and light conditions. In the context of DEB theory, estimating a multi-reserves model parameters can be particularly challenging as the accurate calibration in a complex model heavily relies on the quantity and quality of datasets. In the case of holopelagic Sargassum, experimental data is scarce, which hinders our understanding of the effect of temperature, irradiance and nutrient concentrations on the growth and survival of the species. To address these challenges first we evaluate the sensitivity of the parameter values to the available data on holopelagic Sargassum. Then, we explore how different types of experimental data can reduce the incertitude on parameter estimates, thus increasing their identifiability and the prediction power of the algae multi-reserves model. This analysis allows us to identify which types of datasets contain the most information to guide the design of experiences, ultimately improving our understanding of Sargassum spp. physiology. As a part of the BIOMAS project (BIOenergetic Modeling Approach for Sargassum dynamics), experimental data from the different Sargassum varieties will be integrated to compare model predictions with experimental observations