226280 research outputs found
Sort by
How can we facilitate the dissemination of pharmacogenetic tests?Comment faciliter la diffusion des tests de pharmacogénétique ?
No full textInternational audienc
Monitoring of Paracetamol Solvent-Mediated Phase Transformation in Seeded Batch Crystallization Processes
No full textInternational audiencePolymorphism control in crystallization processes is critical for ensuring the final quality of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). In the present research, the solvent-mediated phase transformation (SMPT) of paracetamol, a widely used API, from its metastable form II to the stable form I during seeded batch cooling crystallization in isopropyl alcohol/water solution is investigated. The study explores the utility of offline FT-NIR spectroscopy and an inline PAT Blaze900 probe to detect paracetamol polymorphs and monitor polymorphic changes. Key findings demonstrate that FT-NIR offers a robust offline alternative for polymorphism detection and monitoring. The PAT Blaze900 recordings, in terms of chord length counts and distributions, also provide additional information about form II SMPT and are in accordance with the FT-NIR prediction model output. The SMPT kinetics are influenced by operational parameters such as supersaturation and operational and cooling temperature. Optimization of these parameters enabled better control over the SMPT kinetics, paving the way for efficient stabilization of paracetamol metastable form II to 30 min before complete conversion to the most stable form I
Powders and cohesive granular media: a rheological perspective
No full textInternational audienceThis paper provides a rapid overview of the mechanics of cohesive granular materials and powders, with a particular focus on the development of constitutive equations for the steady flowing regime. We begin by reviewing the various sources of adhesion between particles, before exploring the onset of flow in cohesive materials. While yield conditions are central to many characterization methods, they provide limited insight into flow behavior. We then discuss recent studies on the flow of cohesive granular materials, emphasizing the development of constitutive equations. A direct comparison of results from DEM simulations across different studies highlights the importance of the interaction model details but reveals key insights into the relevance of different dimensionless numbers, paving the way for a more comprehensive rheological description of powders
La coopération sans coopérative : la gestion des tensions au sein d’une organisation alternative d’inspiration anarchiste
No full textFNEGE 3International audienceThrough the study of self-managed grocery stores inspired by anarchist philosophy, we illustrate how tensions inherent to the alternative cooperative model manifest and are understood by the members of these organizations.To achieve this, we rely on a set of qualitative data. The results of the study highlight two specificities derived from anarchist philosophy—freedom and individual responsibility on the one hand, and autonomist leadership on the other—that enable actors to activate the three modes of tension resolution identified in the literature: acceptance, confrontation, and transcendence (Smith, 2011), in an original way. These results highlight ways to better manage tensions and avoid coalition dynamics that are present in most cooperatives.À travers l’étude d’épiceries autogérées s’inscrivant dans la philosophie anarchiste, nous montrons comment les tensions inhérentes au modèle alternatif des coopératives se manifestent et sont appréhendées par les membres de ces organisations. Pour y parvenir, nous nous appuyons sur un ensemble de données qualitatives. Nous constatons que deux spécificités émanant de la philosophie anarchiste – la liberté et responsabilité individuelle d’une part et le leadership autonomiste d’autre part – permettent aux acteurs d’actionner de manière originale les trois modes de gestion des tensions identifiées dans la littérature que sont : l’acceptation, la confrontation et la transcendance (Smith, 2011). Ces résultats mettent en lumière des pistes pour mieux gérer les tensions et éviter les logiques de coalitions qui se forment souvent au sein des coopératives
Meso Analysis of French Cooperatives: Rearticulating Labor and Capital for Alternatives
No full textInternational audienceThe proposal follows a collective seminar conducted over several years (Regulation Theory and Cooperatives) that led to the introduction of the concept of critical meso arena (Bodet,Lamarche 2020), and subsequently to a special issue of the Regulation review (Lamarche, Richez-Battesti, 2023) supporting the role of political regulations at work in cooperatives, while highlighting the mesoeconomic stakes for cooperatives and the institutional fabric surrounding them. Our analysis is based on various qualitative studies conducted on cooperatives in France and on reflective practices developed within a research-action cooperative to which we contribute (La manufacture coopérative), and we articulate these with institutionalist concepts, particularly regulationist ones (Richez-Battesti, 2023). This proposal aims to question the role of work in the meso regulations that characterize cooperatives. The purpose of mesoeconomics is not so much to fill the gap (the no bridge) between micro and macro, but to describ the regularities of such a social arenas capable of a relative autonomy within overall dynamics (Lamarche et al., 2021). The meso, in its regulationist version, gives us some argument about the articulations between different arenas, gives a place to alternative regulations, and seeks to capture emerging regulations (Bastien, Lamarche, 2025). The proposal presents a meso analytical framework for cooperatives, between political dynamics and productive dynamics (Lamarche & Richez-Battesti, 2023), questioning how these cooperatives "play" with neoliberal political norms and a highly competitive economic regime to attempt to produce alternatives. We show how, in the productive dynamics of cooperatives, three processes nourish the institutional framework and thus the political project of cooperatives: work, capital accumulation, and territorialization. This political project itself supports and specifies productive dynamics. This instituting process is stretched on one side between the production of new benchmarks marked by the importance of solidarity and cooperation, and the necessity to integrate into concrete productive arenas of the surrounding capitalist economy, marked more by competition and responsibility than by solidarity. The process institutes new practices while being constrained by deep normative or structural forces that hinder initial ambitions. We thus show that these three processes have an instituting character through the debates they generate and the institutional engines they lead to (Diagram 2). We particularly point out a relative compromise regarding social justice in relation to work, which is historically foundational for production cooperatives (notably SCOPs -workers coop-, but also CAEs - Business and Employment Cooperatives- and SCICs -General interest cooperatives).Finally, we question the necessary conditions for these frameworks to be instituting and to display transformative power: on one side, we show the issue of closing off competition (by public actors, through inter-cooperation...) that would alleviate market constraints, and on the other side, we question a closure through work by mobilizing the work of Ballon et al. (2023) on the cooperative social relationship of activities (CSRA) marked by the principles of dual quality (employee and member). This CSRA is characterized by four main components: 1) futurity; 2) governance; 3) organization of work; 4) income and mutualizations. We emphasize that forms of protection and wage security within the company assert themselves in an original way as soon as democratic governance effectively operates, illustrating its central role in the capital-labor articulation. Cooperation is, in this sense, a living, complex, and tense process. Putting people to work differently, in a more humane, more equal, and less violent way is an objective that constantly confronts the conditions of insertion into capital accumulation. What is organized and identified at the meso level can help actors to build common arenas and shared knowledge to support this ancient process that is constantly renewing itself
Halichondria panicea (Porifera, Demospongiae) Reparative Regeneration: An Integrative Approach to Better Understand Wound Healing
No full textInternational audienceSponges have a remarkable capacity to rapidly regenerate in response to injury. In addition, sponges rapidly renew their aquiferous system to maintain a healthy. This study describes the reparative regeneration in the cold‐water demosponge Halichondria panicea . The wide range of methods allow us to make a comprehensive analysis of mechanisms, which contribute to the regeneration in this species, including morphogenetic process, cell proliferation, apoptosis and cytotoxicity. The regeneration in H. panicea includes three main stages: internal milieu isolation, wound healing ‐ epithelization, and restoration of damaged structures. The main morphogenetical mechanisms of regeneration are epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition during the first 12 h post operation (hpo) followed by blastema formation and mesenchymal‐to‐epithelial transformation leading to the restoration of damaged structures. These processes can be explained by active cell dedifferentiation and transdifferentiation, participation of resident pluripotent cells (archaeocyte‐like cells and choanocytes), by migration of pluripotent cells (archaeocyte‐like cells), and by activation of proliferation and apoptosis. The rate of apoptosis becomes homogeneous in regeneration area and in intact tissues at 12 hpo at a significantly higher rate than at 0 hpo. The reduction of sponge toxicity at 6 hpo looks like a necessary step for activation of repair processes. However, after 24 hpo, the toxicity exceeded the initial (0 hpo) level. At 96 hpo, the aquiferous system is completely restored. The ability for rapid wound epithelialization, as well as the morphological and functional restoration of damaged tissues, can be considered as a form of sponge's adaptation to extreme conditions in cold shallow water, acquired in the course of evolution
Canzone italiana, canzone d'autore
No full textInternational audienceLa chanson italienne. On ne peut en parler qu'en l'historicisant, en se méfiant des amalgames à travers les genres - différents - d'une chanson italienne à facettes. Nous interrogerons deux catégories qui se sont mises en miroir dans les discours sur la chanson en Italie. Celle de "canzone italiana", et celle de "canzone d'autore"
Olive production in the 21st century will be threatened by water stress and declining solar activity
No full textInternational audienceThe production of olive oil, a cornerstone of Mediterranean diet, faces important threats from recurring droughts and the anticipated decline in cyclical solar activity. These escalating challenges cast uncertainty on the long-term sustainability of olive-growing regions. Here we draw on 8000 years of olive pollen data - closely related to flowering, fertilization and fruit production - to identify the key long-term determinants influencing olive yields. Our findings indicate that pollen production, and therefore yields, are primarily driven by photosynthesis, which is influenced not only by temperature and CO2 levels, but also by precipitation during olive phenological stages and changes in the radiation balance, rather than by variations in solar energy alone. Changes in photosynthetic activity emerge as a critical determinant of the future of the Mediterranean olive oil economy and have major implications for food security in the region
Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1) Ultracool dwarfs in the Euclid Deep Field North
No full textInternational audienceUltracool dwarfs (UCDs) encompass the lowest mass stars and brown dwarfs, defining the stellar substellar boundary. They have significant potential for advancing the understanding of substellar physics; however, these objects are challenging to detect due to their low luminosity. The wide coverage and deep sensitivity of the Euclid survey will increase the number of confirmed and well characterised UCDs by several orders of magnitude. In this study, we take advantage of the Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1) and in particular we look in detail at the known and new UCDs in the Euclid Deep Field North (22.9 deg2 down to JE = 24.5 mag), to understand the advantages of using the slitless Euclid spectroscopy. We compile a comparison sample of known UCDs and use their spectra to demonstrate the capability of Euclid to derive spectral types using a template matching method. This method is then applied to the spectra of the newly identified candidates. We confirm that 33 of these candidates are new UCDs, with spectral types ranging from M7 to T1 and JE = 17 to 21 mag. We look at their locus in colour colour diagrams and compare them with the expected colours of QSOs. A machine readable catalogue is provided for further study, containing both the comparison sample and the newly identified UCDs, along with their spectral classifications where the Q1 spectra quality allows for confident determinatio
Benchmark microgravity experiments and computations for 3D dendritic-array stability in directional solidification
No full textInternational audienceIn this study, we present a comprehensive quantitative analysis of stability bands for dendritic arrays during directional solidification of a transparent succinonitrile-0.46 wt% camphor alloy, spanning a broad range of pulling velocities. Taking advantage of the microgravity environment aboard the International Space Station where most convection effects are suppressed, we obtain unique measurements that quantify the stable primary spacing range of spatially extended three-dimensional dendritic array structures under purely diffusive growth conditions. Through carefully designed velocity jump experiments and detailed examination of sub-grain boundary dynamics, we characterize key instabilities, including elimination and tertiary branching, shedding new light on the mechanisms governing dynamic dendritic spacing selection in extended 3D arrays. Phase field simulations are performed to characterize the stability limits of dendritic array structures for quantitative comparison with the flight experiments. Although the simulations capture general trends, significant deviations are noted at the upper stability boundary, indicating the influence of additional, unexplored factors. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of dendritic growth dynamics and offer valuable benchmark data that could aid in refining predictive models and improving control of dendritic microstructures in metallurgical applications