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The RecBC complex protects single-stranded DNA gaps during lesion bypass
No full textInternational audienceFollowing encounter with an unrepaired DNA lesion, replication is halted and can restart downstream of the lesion leading to the formation of a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) gap. To complete replication, this ssDNA gap is filled in by one of the two lesion tolerance pathways: the error-prone Translesion Synthesis (TLS) or the error-free Homology Directed Gap Repair (HDGR). In the present work, we evidence a role for the RecBC complex distinct from its canonical function in homologous recombination at DNA double strand breaks. We show that upon lesion encounter RecBC (independently of its catalytic activity and of the RecD subunit) is required to protect the nascent DNA in order to promote efficient lesion bypass. In the absence of RecBC, our data indicate that the nuclease ExoI can access and degrade the nascent DNA, affecting both TLS and HDGR mechanisms. We show that the recruitment of RecBC becomes particularly important at strong blocking lesions, when postreplicative ssDNA gaps persist and are covered by the ssDNA binding proteins. This protective role of RecBC is reminiscent of the role of BRCA2 in protecting the nascent DNA in human cells, highlighting once again the evolutionary conservation of DNA replication mechanisms across all living organisms
Le pharmacien d’officine, un acteur clé dans la prise en charge des patients diabétiques de type 1 : traitements, nutrition et activité physique
No full textLe diabète de type 1 (DT1) est une pathologie auto-immune chronique en expansion, nécessitant une prise en charge globale combinant traitement, nutrition et activité physique. Le pharmacien d’officine, en tant qu’acteur de proximité, occupe un rôle central dans cette approche multidisciplinaire. Sa mission dépasse la simple délivrance de médicaments : il contribue activement à l’éducation thérapeutique, au suivi des traitements, à la prévention des complications et à la coordination des soins. Cette thèse explore les différentes facettes de cette prise en charge et met en lumière l’importance du rôle du pharmacien dans l’amélioration de la qualité de vie des patients. Un travail personnel, sous forme de questionnaire mené auprès de patients diabétiques de type 1, souligne le besoin d’un accompagnement renforcé en officine. Les résultats révèlent une attente forte en matière de conseils personnalisés, notamment sur la gestion des traitements, l’activité physique et l’alimentation. L’analyse de ces données conforte l’idée que le pharmacien est un maillon essentiel du parcours de soin, encore trop peu valorisé, et qu’une meilleure reconnaissance de ses compétences permettrait une prise en charge plus efficace du DT1
Structural and Compositional Disturbance Legacies Mediate the Resistance of European Forests to Repeated Disturbances
No full textInternational audienceAim Climate change is altering forest disturbance regimes across Europe. Structural and species diversity are generally thought to enhance disturbance resistance. However, how disturbances affect stand structure and tree species diversity remains untested across broad spatial gradients and for multiple disturbance agents. Furthermore, determining how disturbance‐induced changes affect resistance to subsequent disturbances is critical for understanding forest dynamics in the face of global change. Location The forests of Finland, France and Spain. Time Period 1986–2020 ce . Major Taxa Studied Trees. Methods We examined the effects of tree size and tree species diversity on resistance to fire, wind, biotic and snow disturbances using a National Forest Inventory dataset of 4827 disturbed plots. We quantified disturbance resistance as the tree mortality response to different severity disturbances. We modelled the immediate disturbance‐driven changes in structural and tree species diversity, and predicted how these changes affect resistance to subsequent disturbances. Results High structural diversity increased stand resistance to snow disturbance, and high species diversity decreased resistance to fire. Severe disturbances consistently decreased structural and species diversity across all disturbance agents. However, both diversity metrics increased after low severity snow disturbances, and structural diversity increased after low severity biotic disturbance. Resistance to subsequent disturbance increased after low severity fire and low to moderate severity wind disturbances. Biotic and snow disturbance had the opposite effect, with moderate severity disturbances decreasing resistance to subsequent disturbance more than low severity disturbances. Main Conclusions Structural and species diversity had little effect on plot‐level disturbance resistance. Severe disturbances consistently decreased structural and species diversity, while low to moderate severity disturbances can increase these diversities. Resistance to subsequent disturbance is contrasted between disturbance agents and disturbance severity. Increasing disturbance severity may decrease structural and species diversity in future forests
Paul Monin : contempteur de l'ordre colonial et défenseur des droits annamites dans l'entre-deux guerres
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Unveiling the nature and fate of the almost-dark cloud AGC 226178 through H I mapping
No full textInternational audienceContext. The origin of extragalactic, almost dark H I clouds with extreme gas-to-stellar mass ratios remains poorly understood. Aims. We investigated the nature and fate of the almost dark cloud AGC 226178, projected within the Virgo cluster, which exhibits an H I -to-stellar mass ratio of approximately 1000. Methods. We present deep single-dish H I mapping from the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST), complemented by high-resolution interferometric data from the Very Large Array (VLA), as part of the Atomic gas in Virgo Interacting Dwarf galaxies (AVID) project. Together, these observations provide the highest-quality H I analysis to date of an almost dark cloud, in terms of the combination of spatial resolution and sensitivity. Results. The FAST data reveal a short low-velocity tail extending towards the dwarf galaxy VCC 2034, which was previously proposed as a possible origin for AGC 226178. However, VCC 2034 itself exhibits a line-of-sight asymmetric H I feature and a cometary morphology that indicates a stripping event unrelated to AGC 226178. VLA observations reveal a velocity gradient across AGC 226178, along with a clumpy internal structure. The velocity dispersion within the cloud exceeds the thermal line width, indicating the presence of turbulence and/or unresolved random motions. The whole cloud cannot be gravitationally bound by the observed atomic gas alone. The resolved H I clumps follow the standard H I mass–star formation rate relation and a tight mass–size relation: those associated with star formation reach surface densities above the theoretical threshold for self-shielding. Conclusions. We conclude that AGC 226178 is a free-floating H I cloud of unknown origin. The system appears to be in the process of disintegration. It is likely located well outside the Virgo cluster, as the preservation of its extended H I morphology within the cluster environment would otherwise require a substantial reservoir of unseen molecular gas with a mass exceeding that of the observed H I content. While confinement pressure from the hot intracluster medium may contribute to its stability, it is unlikely to be the dominant factor preventing its disruption
La conception républicaine de la liberté et ses implications chez les radicaux britanniques des années 1790
No full texthttps://presses-universitaires.univ-amu.fr/fr/actualites/pensee-republicaineInternational audienc
Aiguiser la conscience méta/épilinguistique des apprenants de FLE au miroir de l'écriture translingue de soi
No full textInternational audienceCet article présente les résultats d’une démarche exploratoire conduite en septembre 2024 dans le cadre d’un atelier d’écriture créative animé auprès d’étudiants de français langue étrangère (FLE) de Sorbonne Université Abu Dhabi. Les étudiants ont été invités à écrire avec Agota Kristof une biographie langagière centrée sur leur acquisition du français. L’analyse qualitative de leurs productions textuelles fait apparaître que la littérature francophone translingue peut éveiller efficacement chez les apprenants de FLE une conscience linguistique plus lucide en stimulant une réflexivité métalinguistique et épilinguistique.
Concepts issus de la TSD pour le formateur et en formation dans les travaux de la COPIRELEM
No full textInternational audienceL'objectif de cet atelier est d'interroger la manière selon laquelle des concepts issus de la théorie des situations didactiques (TSD), plus ou moins développés et explicités, peuvent servir de points d'appui pour la formation des professeurs des écoles. Pour ce faire, nous présentons un cadre d'analyse qui mobilise des concepts de la TSD et nous le mettons en oeuvre sur une situation de formation emblématique des situations développées par la COPIRELEM, la situation Concertum (Péault et Butlen, 2003)
Effects of Panels and Management on Plant Community Composition in Southern French Solar Parks
No full textInternational audienceAims The ongoing increase of solar parks creates and transforms open ecosystems. Solar park ecosystems combine artificial and semi‐natural microhabitats depending on the influence of solar panels. We distinguished microhabitats outside panels (unshaded), inter‐rows between panels (partial shading) and microhabitats under panels (constantly shaded). Furthermore, solar parks need to be managed by grazing or mowing to avoid the overgrowth of solar panels. The aim of our study was to assess the effects of management and microhabitat on plant community composition. Location Southwestern ( Landes de Gascogne ) and southeastern France ( Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur ). Methods We analyzed the vegetation of 20 solar parks, with half of the parks being grazed and the other half being mown. We used a randomized block design with one 4 m 2 plot in each microhabitat replicated in four blocks per park. We identified all vascular plant species and visually estimated their cover. Results The microhabitat effect was significant for species richness, plant cover, and species composition. The plant species richness was on average 34% lower under than outside panels. The dissimilarity between under and outside panel plant species composition was explained by at least 17% of the species. The effect of management was smaller, being only significant for plant species composition but not for richness, cover, or evenness. The management–microhabitat interaction was significant only for plant cover. Conclusions The strong effect of solar panels on plant communities advocates for differential conservation strategies adjusted for microhabitat