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Efficacité du bloc au canal des adducteurs associé à l’infiltration capsulaire postérieure sur la douleur et la reprise de la marche après arthroplastie totale du genou : analyse comparative aux blocs fémoral et sciatique
No full textInternational audienc
Landscape archaeology of the Chuchuwayha sacred site (British Colombia, Canada)
No full textInternational audienceNew research is being conducted at the Chuchuwayha sacred site (British Columbia, Canada) at the request of the Upper Similkameen Indian Band, who want to pass on the site's history to future generations. The project's aims were to determine when this site in the glacial Similkameen Valley became accessible to human communities, to reconstruct the formation of the surrounding landscape, and to describe the rock shelter's evolution during the period of human frequentation (rock art). To this end, we combined geomorphological, archaeometric, and geochemical (cosmogenic dating) data to construct a robust chronological framework for the site's evolution and human occupations. Results showed that the Similkameen Valley became ice‐free 18,000 years ago, that the site's morphology was shaped by postglacial processes, and that its general topography had formed around 7000 years ago. The site's morphology—a rock shelter behind a mound of rockfall boulders—created a trap for eolian and autochthonous sediments, which have preserved a record of human occupations. Our multidisciplinary approach also enabled us to determine age ranges for the shelter's paintings, to draw up a new time frame for human occupations of the site, which lies on a traditional Syilx trail, and to relate these occupations to changes in the surrounding landscape
Ultrasound analysis of hemidiaphragm function in case of pleural effusion
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Diaphragm dysfunction is frequently observed in patients with pleural effusion. The aim of the study was to determine the criteria for estimating the impact of pleural fluid on diaphragm function and detecting impairment of diaphragmatic muscle.Methods: This was a retrospective observational study carried out in a university hospital. Cases of free pleural effusion were recruited from the ultrasound consultation of the lung function test laboratory. The quantification of pleural effusion and analysis of diaphragmatic function were performed using chest ultrasound performed while sitting. In case of abnormal diaphragmatic motion, the examination was repeated in supine position.Results: 109 pleural effusions (57 left, 52 right) were included in the analysis. Pleural effusions were detected after thoracic surgery in 89% of cases and in the context of medical disease in other cases. Excursion during deep inspiration was reduced by the amount of fluid (4.3 ± 2.1 cm for small effusions, 3.2 ± 1.7 cm for moderate effusions and 1.1 ± 1.8 cm for large effusions). In 23 cases of large pleural effusion, the excursions during deep inspiration were always below the lower limit of normal. In some cases, a paradoxical motion suggesting hemidiaphragm paralysis was observed. When the inspiratory thickening was normal, the paradoxical excursions disappeared in supine position. In moderate pleural effusion (53 cases), hemidiaphragm excursion was above lower limit of normal in 68% of cases. In cases of paradoxical motions, repeated ultrasound examinations were in favor of hemidiaphragm paralysis. In small pleural effusion (32 cases) the excursion was most often normal. Conclusion:The ultrasound analysis of diaphragm excursion and thickening in sitting and supine positions is useful to assess the impact of pleural effusion and detect impairment in diaphragm muscle function.</div
SONOPS Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study: Study of the Nitrous Oxide Perception and Use in French Dental Students
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction and aims: EMONO (equimolar oxygen-nitrous oxide mixture) is widely used in dentistry to achieve sedation for dental care. In addition, pure nonmedical nitrous oxide (N2O) has become a very popular psychoactive substance among health students. Thus, for dental students, the perception of a same substance, N2O, which can either be used as medicine in the form of EMONO in their daily practice, or consumed illegally for recreational purposes in the form of pure nonmedical N2O, is of concern. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of N2O (EMONO and pure nonmedical N2O) use among French dental students.Methods: A cross-sectional multicentre study was carried out in six French dental schools. A self-administered questionnaire was offered to 2nd to 6th-year odontology students about their position with regard to N2O and its potential use. Results:The prevalence of N2O use among the 1124 responding students was 50.4%, with heterogeneity according to dental school. 84% of the students who used N2O did so at least once for recreational purpose, while 16% used it only in the context of care and/or training.Students with recreational N2O use were more likely to use other substances than students with care/training use. Nearly three-quarters of the students sought and experienced euphoria and laughter. Conclusion:Nearly half the students in our study reported having used N2O recreationally, most of them regularly, a much higher prevalence than among nonhealthcare students.</div
Sirolimus solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide: Measurement and modeling.
No full textInternational audienceThe solubility of drugs in supercritical carbon dioxide is a key parameter in their processing. This study focuseson sirolimus, an immunosuppressive drug used in organ transplantation. Its solubility in supercritical carbondioxide was measured using a static gravimetric method. Measurements were carried out at pressures rangingfrom 12.5 MPa to 25.0 MPa and temperatures from 313 K to 328 K. The findings revealed a molar fraction rangeof sirolimus between 1.20 × 10 6 and 2.73 × 10 6 and a direct solubility behavior in the investigated domain.The experimental data were correlated using several models. These included semi-empirical density-basedmodels (Chrastil, Mendez-Santiago and Teja, Bartle et al., Kumar and Johnston, Sparks et al., and Sodeifian et al.),as well as equation of state-based models (Soave-Redlich-Kwong and Peng-Robinson). The results indicated thatSparks et al. and Soave-Redlich-Kwong showed the lowest average absolute relative deviation (AARD%) and thecorrected correlation coefficient (Radj) of 4.12 %, 0.978 and 05.18 %, 0.980 respectively
Synthesis of novel D–π–A-based photosensitive alkoxyamine: application of two-photon polymerization via nitroxide-mediated photopolymerization
No full textInternational audienceWe present an efficient method for surface customization using a novel D–π–A-based photosensitive alkoxyamine. The D–π–A-based chromophore group exhibits remarkable efficiency in the homolytic cleavage of the >NO–C bond enabling the production of well-defined structures through two-photon stereolithography (TPS). Furthermore, we show that surface customization can be achieved in a second step, owing to the “living” character originating from the alkoxyamine and via a Nitroxide Mediated PhotoPolymerization (NMP2) process. Additionally, we investigated how TPS-related parameters such as wavelengths and laser power influence the re-polymerization step
L’histoire pour l’enseignement de la physique-chimie. Partie 1 : donner du sens
No full textNational audienceCet article, publié en deux parties, est le premier résultat d’un travail mené par deux enseignants-chercheurs (l’un en histoire de la physique, l’autre en chimie) et quatre enseignants du secondaire (trois en physique-chimie, un en philosophie) au sein d’un groupe de travail de l’Institut de recherche sur l’enseignement des sciences (IRES) d’Aix-Marseille Université. Ce groupe de recherche participative a pour objectif de produire des ressources pouvant contribuer à vivifier l’enseignement de la physique-chimie en collège et lycée au moyen de l’histoire de ces disciplines. En préalable, ce groupe propose ici une réflexion théorique sur les raisons pouvant justifier l’usage de l’histoire en cours de physique et de chimie, avant d’analyser les impacts que ces justifications pourraient avoir sur l’enseignement de ces disciplines. Ce dans le but d’offrir au lecteur un moyen d’évaluer les fondements de ses propres pratiques, ainsi que de possibles directions pour les approfondir ou les renouveler
On analytic exponential functors on free groups
No full textThis paper concerns exponential contravariant functors on free groups. We obtain an equivalence of categories between analytic, exponential contravariant functors on free groups and conilpotent cocommutative Hopf algebras. This result explains how equivalences of categories obtained previously by Pirashvili and by Powell interact. Moreover, we obtain an equivalence between the categories of outer, exponential contravariant functors on free groups and bicommutative Hopf algebras. We also go further by introducing a subclass of analytic, contravariant functors on free groups, called primitive functors; and prove an equivalence between primitive, exponential contravariant functors and primitive cocommutative Hopf algebras
Le jeu comme combat. Des joutes poétiques aux jeux de société
No full textLe jeu comme combat. Des joutes poétiques aux jeux de société.Au début de son introduction à Homo Ludens. Essai sur la fonction sociale du jeu (1938, version française 1951), Johan Huizinga, non sans humour, évoque les jeux entre jeunes chiens : « Ils se convient mutuellement aux jeux, par une sorte de rite, des attitudes et des gestes. Ils respectent la règle qui défend de mordre l'oreille à un compagnon. Ils affectent une terrible colère 1 ». A travers ces animaux, en schématisant un peu, on dira que les principaux éléments de définition du « jeu » sont posés : une entrée dans l'activité ludique entre reconnaissance des codes et connivence ou accord; un « faire semblant » c'est-à-dire des limites qui, si elles étaient franchies, seraient une sortie, précisément blessante et violente, de la situation ludique instaurée; un « comme si » cependant d'irritation, de colère et d'agressivité que le jeu imite. Le jeu est donc tout à la fois accord pacifique et simulacre d'une rivalité -d'un combat. Il se tient sur une ligne de crête à respecter en un équilibre fragile au risque pour les participants de ne plus jouer et de s'abandonner à la pulsion combative qu'il génère. Ce qui vaut pour les animaux vaut en grande partie pour les humains, sauf que les risques de bascule sont peut-être plus grands chez les seconds. Car le « jeu, dit aussi Huizinga, est combat et le combat est jeu 2 ». Pour lui une relation essentielle, profonde, presque définitoire, noue les deux activités. Cette correspondance atténue et questionne le clivage trop strict entre sphère ludique et sphère sérieuse, entre le divertissement, le plaisir, la gratuité, et la réalité, l'engagement, le devoir -en un mot entre la vie et la mort. On se rappelle que le « mat » dans le jeu des échecs désigne une « mort » heureusement symbolique et temporaire mais remise en jeu à chaque partie car elle en est précisément l'enjeu. A son tour Roger Caillois accorde une large place dans sa typologie des jeux à ce qu'il appelle l'agôn : « Tout un groupe de jeux apparaît comme compétition c'est-à-dire un combat où l'égalité des chances est artificiellement créée 1</div