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Flow-Induced Vibration of Bluff Bodies
No full textInternational audienceFlow-Induced Vibration (FIV) is an important part of the broad area of Fluid-Structure Interaction. In particular, the induced vibration of bluff structures, proving to be deleterious in a wide range of situations, has also become recognised as a means of energy harvesting. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of FIV in its various forms will help in both its mitigation and its enhancement. A variety of tools such as experimental and computational fluid dynamics, machine learning, shape optimisation, and active control techniques can assist in this understanding. Here, an overview of the field is presented, with recent advances and future directions
IgE Anti‐Beta Coronaviruses Serology in Napoleon Soldiers, France
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT To compare the repertoire of anti‐beta‐Coronavirus antibodies detected in dental pulp samples (systemic immunity) collected from individuals from the early 19th century previously investigated for dental calculus (local immunity) serological response, We investigated 10 dental pulp samples collected from 10 individuals excavated from a 1810–1813 military site in Charleville‐Mézières, France. The samples had previously been investigated for dental calculus serology. Dental pulp serology performed under a mini‐blot format, incorporated one positive and one negative control, and conjugated antibodies against the five classes of immunoglobulins. Dental pulp IgE serological response reliability was assessed by in silico analyses. Controls yielded expected results. Anti‐Coronavirus antibodies were detected in three individuals, comprising anti‐beta Coronavirus IgE in three individuals, IgG in two individuals, and IgA in one individual. IgA and IgG anti‐alpha Coronavirus were each detected in one individual. These results agreed with those previously obtained from the same 10 individuals with anti‐beta‐Coronavirus pooled IgG/IgA/IgM dental calculus paleoserology. Dental pulp paleoserology confirmed Coronavirus exposure in three individuals from the start of the 19th century in France. Translating these data into the modern medical literature, we propose that two centuries ago, some individuals suffered a yet unidentified beta‐Coronavirus infection
Disclosing donor conception: A mixed methods study exploring the experience and attitudes of French sperm donor-conceived adults born within heterosexual couples
No full textInternational audienceResearch-question:How can we understand the experiences and attitudes of donor-conceived people regarding the disclosure of their conception, given the current emphasis on openness and the ongoing challenges faced by donor-conceived families?Design:This article draws on a mixed-method exploratory study (March 2019-September 2020) involving an online survey and in-depth interviews with French sperm donor-conceived adults born to heterosexual couples. The survey included 107 respondents aged 20-54, mostly women (86.9%) with high academic standards, informed of their conception at an average age of 18.6 (± 11.9). The interview involved 20 participants aged 21-53, most of whom were women (85%) and employed as managers (35%), informed between ages 5 and 49 (average: 19.7).Results:Age was not the primary factor for understanding how our donor-conceived participants experienced and perceived disclosure. Instead, the circumstances of disclosure emerged as an independent factor, with four paths identified: 1) disclosure as a mutually agreed parental strategy; 2) disclosure perceived as necessary due to events in the donor offspring’s life; 3) disclosure as a breach in a prior agreement between partners following a family event; 4) disclosure initiated by donor-conceived people themselves. Additionally, three factors explained the gendered gap that positioned mothers as the main actors in disclosure experiences: the organisation of MAR protocols, the social perception of male infertility, and the gendered division of labour within families.Conclusions:The study calls for a contextualised approach to information-sharing practices. Disclosure should be understood within its temporal and relational context to grasp how donor-conceived people experience learning the facts of their conception
A semi-automated sensitivity-based approach for simplifying marine biogeochemical models for targeted applications: A case study with the Eco3M-MED model
No full textInternational audienceMarine biogeochemical models are being increasingly used to support scenario-based analyses of climate change and ecosystem dynamics. However, their high structural complexity and large parameter space often limit computational efficiency, interpretability, and adaptability in applications requiring the exploration of many scenarios. To address these issues, we propose a Semi-Automated Iterative Simplification (SAIS) approach that integrates local sensitivity analysis with model mechanistic guidance and Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE) metrics to evaluate each simplification step. Using the marine biogeochemical model Eco3M-MED as an example, we specified three objectives for model simplification: (1) fidelity of state variables, (2) fidelity of marine ecosystem indicators, and (3) applicability for coupling with higher trophic level models. For each objective, we assessed model sensitivity to parameters and applied the SAIS approach to simplify the model, and obtained three simplified models. KGE-based fidelity evaluations are used to validate each final simplified model against the reference model. The results show that computational time can be reduced by up to approximately 30% without compromising the model's mechanistic foundation. Overall, this method offers a flexible and scalable approach for generating simplified versions of complex biogeochemical models, suitable for applications in regional marine ecosystem assessments, climate scenario explorations, and model coupling frameworks
À propos de la loi no 2025-532 du 13 juin 2025 visant à sortir la France du piège du narcotrafic
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Genomic revolution of evolution: A new vision of evolution
No full textTheories of evolution seeded by Lamarck and Darwin two centuries ago put forward inherited modifications of genomes while ignoring interactions between organisms living in the same ecosystem, and rearrangements (with recombinations and reassortments), introgressive evolution, transposable elements, and sequence losses within genomes. Here we summarized data that currently indicate a different, optimized, and broadly applicable vision of genome evolution. In fact, two paradigms coexist in evolutionary biology: one is that of linear, gradual evolution linked to mutations with selection in a given environment, as drawn by Darwin, Lamarck, and the Red Queen theory. Another is that of unpredictable, chaotic, leap-making evolution, as illustrated by the Court Jester theory. Key drivers of genome expansion comprise gains of sequences, among which invasions by either endogenous or exogenous transposable elements that resemble epidemics and determine defense countermeasures, as well as genome duplications and polyploidizations. Sympatric conditions with biological melting pots promote sequence gains and increase genome mosaicism. Sequence loss, which can involve degradation and non-repair, is another major player in evolution in reduced ecosystems, with allopatric conditions promoting specializations. “Fertile selfish sequences” are transmitted between biological entities and can multiply within genomes, while junk DNA consists of remnants of genes progressively degraded. Besides, coding density within genomes tends to decrease as organism complexity increases, regardless of genome size, and therefore the proportion of genomes that is functional is mostly unknown. Overall, current genomic data indicate that genetic evolution is chaotic and permanently creative and innovative, and that representing genomes as single sequences is not realistic, just as phylogenetic trees are an inaccurate representation of sequence evolution, which is more realistically represented by rhizomes or networks, as genomes are not unique but multiple, plastic, and mosaic
Réussite des PME à l'international et intention d'implantation dans la même région: quel rôle pour l'expérience?
No full textInternational audienceCet article examine la dynamique d’implantation internationale des PME, en se concentrant sur la poursuite du processus d’internationalisation. En s’appuyant sur le modèle d’Uppsala et la théorie de l’apprentissage organisationnel, il explore comment la réussite d’une implantation initiale et l’expérience acquise influencent la décision de s’implanter de nouveau dans la même région, en l’occurrence la région MENA. L’étude repose sur une analyse de régression portant sur un échantillon de 124 PME françaises. Les résultats révèlent que la réussite d’une implantation et l’expérience internationale renforcent l’intention de renouveler l’internationalisation dans la même zone géographique. De plus, l’expérience agit comme un facteur modérateur entre réussite et intention de réimplantation. Sur le plan théorique, l’article enrichit les modèles existants en soulignant l’impact différencié de l’expérience locale et internationale. D’un point de vue managérial, il recommande aux PME d’adopter une stratégie contextualisée, fondée sur l’apprentissage local, l’adaptation des ressources humaines et le développement de partenariats ancrés dans les spécificités régionales du marché MENA. Ainsi, une implantation réussie et une expérience pertinente deviennent des leviers essentiels pour pérenniser et étendre l’internationalisation des PME dans une même région
Helicene-Azulene Conjugates: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and Proton-Induced Chiroptical Switching
No full textInternational audienceThe synthesis of 4,13-dimethoxy-carbo[6]helicene derivatives substituted at positions 2,15 by either 2-azulene (H-2-azu) or 6-azulene (H-6-azu) units is presented. The photophysical and chiroptical properties of these new helicene-azulene derivatives have been examined in details. Both helical constitutional isomers H-2-azu and H-6-azu exhibit strong electronic circular dichroic responses in the azulene absorption region and reversible chiroptical switching upon protonation/deprotonation. Furthermore, although very weak, emission was also observed and was analyzed as originating from the S(1) excited state, i.e., obeying the Kasha rule, which is not common in azulene derivatives. Theoretical calculations helped confirm these observations. Finally, these systems revealed efficient chemical acid-base triggered chiroptical switching activity, showing notably a strong red shift upon protonation
Reframing language difficulties in priority education : Teachers’ social situatedness, diagnoses, and an improvisational alternative to normative pedagogies
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sPyEEG: A Stimuli-Brain Mapping Toolbox for Electrophysiological Data Analysis
No full textWe introduce sPyEEG, a Python library integrating a high-performance data analysis pipeline for the mapping of stimuli onto electrophysiological data (back and forth) via a scikit-learn compatible API. The library is designed to be fast, easy to use and flexible. Source code, binaries, examples, and documentation can be found at https://github.com/phg17/sPyEEG.</div