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VISUAL LOAD DOES NOT MODULATE NEURAL PROCESSING OF AUDIOVISUAL SPEECH INTEGRATION
No full textInternational audienceA long-standing controversial issue in speech perception concerns the automatic nature of audiovisual speech integration, independent of attentional and cognitive load. From this question, the present EEG study aimed to determine whether visual load and associated task difficulty can modulate audiovisual speech integration and, if so, at what stage of neural processing. To this end, four syllable discrimination tasks differing in the degree of visual discrimination and speaker variability were performed in auditory, visual, and audiovisual modalities. Early and late effects of audiovisual integration, as well as late effects of visual load, were observed on auditory evoked responses. Crucially, the neural binding of acoustic and visual speech signals was not modulated by either visual discrimination or speaker variability. These results support an automatic integration of acoustic and visual speech cues, independent of visual load, during audiovisual syllable discrimination
Chamber Implant for Chronic Optical Recordings from the Cerebral Cortex of Marmosets
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Marmosets are becoming an increasingly important animal model in Neuroscience and optical approaches such as two-photon microscopy are expected to provide data significantly contributing to our understanding of the brain, especially when performed chronically.New Method: We describe a novel imaging chamber that provides an optical window onto the marmoset cerebral cortex over several months, together with the surgery needed for its implantation and that of an associated headpost. MRI data allow optimal positioning on the skull. The chamber is tightly inserted into a craniotomy and its sealing system combines a thread with a silicone elastomer minimizing infection risk and CSF leakage. Continuous contact between the window and the cortex delays tissue regrowth. Opening and sterile re-sealing are easy to perform whenever access to the cortex is needed.Results: Functional data from longitudinal two-photon imaging using genetically encoded fluorescent calcium sensors reveal high optical quality over months. We also demonstrate the feasibility of two-photon imaging of genetically encoded voltage sensors in the marmoset cortex in-vivo.</p
Search for long-lived particles using displaced vertices of oppositely charged leptons in 140 fb of pp collisions at TeV with the ATLAS detector
No full textInternational audienceA search is presented for long-lived particles decaying into an oppositely charged lepton pair, , , or , that form a vertex within the inner tracking system of the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, displaced from the primary proton-proton interaction region. The analysis uses the 140 fb of Run-2 data collected at TeV by the ATLAS experiment in 2015-2018. The results of the analysis are interpreted in the context of three benchmark models covering masses from 0.1 to 2.2 TeV and a range of mean proper lifetimes times the speed of light from 1 to 10000 mm. The first model is a generic boson pair-produced by a new heavy scalar, with the decaying into lepton pairs. The remaining two models are -parity violating supersymmetric models in which the lightest neutralino decays into (, ). The models differ by the mode of production of the , which can be produced via the decay of pairs of gluinos or of pairs of charginos and neutralinos (, , or ). Although each benchmark sample includes pair-produced LLPs, only a single vertex is required to be reconstructed. No dilepton displaced vertex candidate is observed and the results are presented as upper limits on the production cross-sections. This analysis sets leading limits on the production cross-sections for multiple models, including parameter space that has never been directly probed
Zéro Artificialisation Nette : quels enjeux pour la financiarisation des actifs immobiliers logistiques ?
No full textInternational audienceLa financiarisation croissante des actifs immobiliers logistiques en France, portée par l'essor des entrepôts et plateformes, se heurte aujourd'hui à un enjeu juridique majeur : l'objectif de Zéro Artificialisation Nette, qui impose une sobriété foncière inédite et remet en cause les modèles traditionnels de développement. Cette révolution réglementaire, intégrée dans la loi Climat et Résilience, contraint les acteurs à repenser la conception et l'utilisation des équipements logistiques, en privilégiant la densification, la réhabilitation de friches ou la mutualisation des sols, au risque de fragiliser la dynamique économique du secteur. L'avenir de la financiarisation de l'immobilier logistique dépendra donc de la capacité des investisseurs à transformer ces contraintes en leviers d'innovation, tout en préservant la rentabilité et la pérennité de leurs actifs.</div
Voluntary management of fisheries under the threat of uncertain legislation
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper, we examine the possibility for a regulator to reduce policy costs by substituting a voluntary policy based on a legislative threat to an active harvest control. Specifically, we focus on fisheries where the regulator aims to maintain an optimal level of conservation through a voluntary agreement. To achieve this, we identify a mandatory regulation that can serve as a threat to ensure voluntary compliance and avoid regulation costs. However, threats differ from effective policies. To be enforceable, they must be validated through a legislative process, the outcome of which is uncertain and subject to objections. Consequently, we introduce a random delay in its application and address social acceptability issues. This threat rests upon two pillars: a moratorium with financial compensation followed by an Individual Transferable Quota mechanism and a suitably chosen tax on harvesting capacity to deter deviations. We use data from the scallop fishery in the Bay of Saint-Brieuc (France) to illustrate this voluntary mechanism. Highlights• A voluntary conservation mechanism for fisheries based on a potential legislative threat• The threat includes transferable quota and a harvesting capacity tax• This threat which is never executed, reduces the fishery management cost• An application to a strongly regulated fishery ; the scallops in Saint-Brieuc (France)</div
Spiral folding of a flexible chain of chiral active particles
No full textInternational audienceWe investigate a flexible polymer chain made up of chiral active Brownian particles in two dimensions using computer simulations. In the presence of chiral active Brownian forces, the radius of gyration of the chain reduces significantly. We further identify the formation of spirals using the tangent-tangent correlation to characterize the internal structure of the chain. The polymer chain forms a pair of spirals with opposite spiral turns on both ends of the polymer. We compute the number of turns of both spirals, and find that the total number of turns increases with angular frequency as well as P´eclet number. However, the spirals become weak and the number of turns decreases at a very high P´eclet number. We draw a phase diagram using the turn number. The end-to-end correlation displays oscillatory behavior, which signifies the rotational dynamics of the chain. We quantify the rotation frequency from the end-to-end vector, which follows a power law behavior with exponent 3/2. We also provide a scaling relation between the radius of gyration and the chain length, and the exponent decreases significantly in the presence of chiral active forces
: The “Zero Long-Term Unemployment Territory” experiment. A project combining integration measures and local development
No full textNational audienceThe persistence of mass unemployment led to the implementation of liberal-inspired employment policies focused on two objectives: reducing labor costs by lowering social security contributions; reducing replacement income to encourage the unemployed to return to work more quickly. These public policies were supplemented by a “social” component aimed at facing exclusion, based on the recognition of initiatives in the fields of social work, training, and local development, which were enshrined in the Labor Code in 1998 under the heading “integration through economic activity.” It was in this context that the “Zero Long-Term Unemployment Territory” (TZCLD) project was launched in 2016. This chapter reviews the history and pillars of the project's philosophy, then presents its implementation within the framework of experimental laws, specifying the limitations that may have been highlighted between the ideal project and its implementation under the first law, and providing the results of the implementation of the second law (2020). Finally, it questions the innovations that these experiments could bring to renew localized responses to social issues.La persistance du chômage de masse a conduit à la mise en œuvre de politiques de l’emploi d’inspiration libérale autour de deux objectifs : réduire le coût du travail en jouant sur la baisse des cotisations sociales ; réduire les revenus de remplacement pour inciter les chômeurs à reprendre plus rapidement un emploi. Ces politiques publiques ont été complétées d’un volet « social » de lutte contre les exclusions à partir d’une reconnaissance d’initiatives émanant du travail social, de la formation et du développement local inscrites en 1998 dans le Code du travail sous l’appellation « d’insertion par l’activité économique ». C’est dans ce contexte, qu’a été initié, à partir de la loi 2016, le projet « Territoire zéro chômeur de longue durée » (TZCLD). Ce chapitre revient sur l’historique et sur les piliers de la philosophie de ce projet, puis présente sa mise en œuvre dans le cadre de lois d’expérimentation, en précisant les limites qui ont pu être mises en exergue entre le projet idéel et sa réalisation lors de la première loi ; et en apportant les résultats dans la mise en œuvre de la deuxième loi. On questionne enfin les innovations dont seraient porteuses ces expérimentations pour renouveler des réponses territorialisées apportées aux questions sociales
Spontaneous spike-and-wave discharges during sleep in mice: circadian distribution and impact on sleep quality
No full textInternational audienceSpike-wave discharges (SWDs) are pathological brain oscillations caused by abnormal thalamocortical synchronization and are a hallmark of several epileptic syndromes. While several experimental models are characterized by SWDs during wakefulness and mimic several key features of absence epilepsy, the spontaneous occurrence of SWDs during sleep has been reported in a limited number of studies. Here, we report a comprehensive characterization of the electrophysiological profile and sleep-wake cycle of a mouse strain previously shown to present sleep-associated SWDs. Methods Inbred AJ mice from Jackson Laboratory (JAX) and matched control mice were instrumented for chronic video-EEG/EMG recordings. Data obtained during two 24-hour recording sessions were analyzed to characterize both the sleep-wake cycle and abnormal electrical activity. Results Unlike control animals, JAX mice consistently displayed numerous SWDs. The vast majority of episodes occurred during slow-wave sleep (SWS) without overt convulsive manifestations. JAX mice exhibited a reduction in SWS, spent more time in paradoxical sleep, and showed more transitions between vigilance states than controls. Interestingly, SWD events were distributed in a circadian fashion, peaking around the end of the rest period. Discussion Alongside previously characterized models, the consistent and spontaneous occurrence of SWDs during SWS makes the JAX mouse a viable experimental model to understand the mechanisms behind sleep-related SWDs. The results, including the peculiar circadian distribution of SWDs, pave the way for further studies addressing a fundamental pathogenetic conundrum, i.e., why is epileptiform activity specifically concentrated in SWS
Planetary, Solar and Heliospheric Radio Emissions X
No full textInternational audienceThe 10th edition of the international workshop on "Planetary, Solar and Heliospheric Radio Emissions” was held in June 2025 in Marseille, France, in continuation of a series of previous workshops successively held in Graz (Austria) in 1984, 1987, 1991, 1996, 2001, 2005, 2010 and 2016 and in Ireland (Dublin) in 2022. The proceedings of this workshop have been double peer-reviewed under the responsability of a scientific editorial committee composed of L. Lamy, C. K. Louis, G. Fischer, D. Morosan and P. Zarka and are published as a digital book entitled “Planetary, Solar and Heliospheric Radio Emissions X”