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Cocaine use in Europe: the need for cross-sectoral collaboration between security, justice, health, and social systems
No full textInternational audienc
Probing Cosmic Expansion and Early Universe with Einstein Telescope
No full textInternational audienceOver the next two decades, gravitational-wave (GW) observations are expected to evolve from a discovery-driven endeavour into a precision tool for astrophysics, cosmology, and fundamental physics. Current second-generation ground-based detectors have established the existence of compact-binary mergers and enabled GW multi-messenger astronomy, but they remain limited in sensitivity, redshift reach, frequency coverage, and duty cycle. These limitations prevent them from addressing many fundamental open questions in cosmology. By the 2040s, wide-field electromagnetic surveys will have mapped the luminous Universe with unprecedented depth and accuracy. Nevertheless, key problems including the nature of dark matter, the physical origin of cosmic acceleration, the properties of gravity on cosmological scales, and the physical conditions of the earliest moments after the Big Bang will remain only partially constrained by electromagnetic observations alone. Progress on these fronts requires access to physical processes and epochs that do not emit light. Gravitational waves provide a unique and complementary observational channel: they propagate over cosmological distances largely unaffected by intervening matter, probe extreme astrophysical environments, and respond directly to the geometry of spacetime. In this context, next-generation GW observatories such as the Einstein Telescope (ET) will be transformative for European astronomy. Operating at sensitivities and frequencies beyond existing detectors, ET will observe binary black holes and neutron stars out to previously inaccessible redshifts, enable continuous high signal-to-noise monitoring of compact sources, and detect gravitational-wave backgrounds of astrophysical and cosmological origin. Together with space-based detectors, ET will play a central role in advancing our understanding of cosmic evolution and fundamental physics
Migracije i migracijske politike u suvremenom Balkanu
No full textInternational audienceÀ l’été 2015, les routes migratoires balkaniques ont fait une irruption remarquée dans l’espace médiatique à la faveur d’images choc diffusées auprès du grand public. Cette visibilité soudaine s’est accompagnée de discours politiques alarmistes renvoyant à l’actualité brûlante des crises géopolitiques touchant alors l’Afrique et le Proche et Moyen-Orient. Cet « événement migratoire » de 2015-2016 conduisait également à une mise en débat des dispositifs de gestion des populations en migration pour l’ensemble de l’espace communautaire. Dans les Balkans, comme pour l’ensemble du continent, les processus d’intégration à l’Union européenne (UE) ainsi que l’extension de l’espace Schengen avaient jusqu’alors entrainé une série de modifications législatives et réglementaires encadrant, avec plus ou moins de réussite, les pratiques locales de contrôle de la migration. Mais, outre ces questions réglementaires, l’observation des migrations peut conduire ici à aborder les effets du contrôle migratoire sur les sociétés européennes, alors que les questions d’exclusion, d’hospitalité et d’humanité se posent régulièrement, et que le projet politique communautaire se trouve en grande difficulté. Après avoir rappelé dans ce chapitre les principales dynamiques de cette histoire récente des migrations dans les Balkans, on montrera comment les évolutions de la dernière décennie ont confirmé la dimension sécuritaire des politiques migratoires externalisées à l’espace balkanique, affectant autant les individus en migration que les populations locales
Impact of seasonal snow on the recharge of a mountain karst aquifer under climate change: the Dévoluy case study (Southern Alps, France)
No full textPreprint to HESS (Hydrology and Earth System Sciences) - Discussion started: 9 January 2026International audienceSeasonal snow strongly influences groundwater recharge in mountain aquifers, yet its role in mid-altitude karst systems under climate warming remains poorly quantified. We investigated the Dévoluy karst aquifer (Southern French Alps) to assess how snow controls recharge and how spring discharge may respond to rising temperatures. Using the KarstMod platform, we developed a rainfall–snow–discharge model incorporating a degree-day snow routine to partition precipitation between rainfall and snow, and simulate the snowmelt. The model was calibrated and validated over four contrasting years (two low-snow, one high-snow, and one very high-snow year). Results show that accounting for snow processes is essential to reproduce the observed discharge dynamics, highlighting the dominant role of snow accumulation and melt in controlling both flow timing and magnitude. Under +2 °C and +4 °C warming scenarios, simulated winter flows increase while snowmelt peaks occur earlier, resulting in earlier and more severe summer low-flow periods. August discharge decreases by 28 % to 44 %, respectively, compared to present conditions. These findings demonstrate the critical role of seasonal snow in regulating recharge in mid-altitude karst aquifers and highlight that ongoing warming will substantially reduce summer water availability in mountain regions
Comparative Study of Three Fine Grains Infiltration Techniques to Re–Fill Granular Materials Eroded by Suffusion
No full textInternational audienceWith the aim of remediating soils eroded by suffusion, three different techniques were explored and compared at the laboratory scale in this study to effectively infiltrate fine grains into a porous granular filter. In the first technique, which serves as a reference owing to its simple implementation in the field conditions, a pure layer of fine grains is deposited on the upstream side of the filter. However, this technique is found inefficient due to a collective effects between the fine grains which induces formation of surface cake, preventing thus their penetration into the filter. A second technique is therefore proposed in which the fine grains are mixed homogeneously with coarse particles and deposited on the upstream of the filter. Besides, a third technique was designed, where the fine grains are put in suspension in the water seeping through the filter in order to limit their collective clogging. The influence of size ratio and fine grains shape for both the mixture and suspension techniques, and fine grains shape in the case of suspension technique were also explored. For the latter, the cumulative efficiency was further investigated through multiple rounds of infiltration. The results showed that, for a given size ratio between the coarse and fine grains, there is a significant increase in the amount of infiltrated fine grains for the mixture and suspension techniques, that is respectively twice and eight times larger than the value obtained with the reference one, respectively. In the mixture technique, fine grains infiltration is found to increase with the size ratio up to a limiting value whereas, in the suspension method, it decreases as the size ratio increases. Moreover, rounded fine grains are found to infiltrate more easily than angular ones. This work should contribute to improve engineering protocols for achieving deep infiltration through the selection of an appropriate fine grains infiltration technique, with the objective of developing an effective remediation method
PV Forecasting with Constrained Ensemble Learning and Context-Aware Stacking
No full textInternational audienceWe propose a hybrid ensemble learning architecture for short-term photovoltaic (PV) power forecasting. The system integrates a physics-based model, a Bi-LSTM network, and an XGBoost regressor within a two-layer prediction pipeline. A constrained Ridge regression assigns robust weights to the base models, while a context-aware stacking layer dynamically refines predictions based on temporal and meteorological interaction features. Post-processing filters ensure physical consistency and enhance resilience to anomalies. Evaluated on real-world PV datasets, the proposed architecture consistently outperforms individual models and baseline ensembles, demonstrating superior accuracy, robustness, and readiness for deployment in intelligent energy management platforms
Targeted Photodynamic Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer: Recent Innovations from Fundamentals to <i>In Vivo</i> and Clinical Applications (2020-2025)
No full textInternational audiencePhotodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a clinically-approved medical modality to treat different types of localised conditions such as cancer, infections or skin conditions. Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a deadly cancer displaying a dramatic overall prognosis that has barely improved in decades as the majority of PC patients are diagnosed at a locally advanced or metastatic stage and cannot benefit of surgical resection which is the only curative treatment, the overall 5-year survival rate remains extremely low. Thus, finding new therapies for non-metastatic PC to improve local control as a bridge to surgical resection and improve survival outcomes remains a huge challenge. In this context, PDT could be an interesting option. This review will focus on the use of PDT with targeted photosensitisers or nanoparticles to treat PC in recent studies (2020-2025) from in vitro to in vivo experiments and clinical applications
