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Interrrelación entre calidad, hábitos de sueño y ajuste escolar en adolescentes de un distrito urbano de Galicia
Get PDFObjective: The duration and the sleep quality are related to the emotional status and the academic performance in adolescents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of sleep in a group of adolescents, and to explore its relationship with school adjustment and performance.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was made with 56 adolescents aged 13-17 years from a high school institute in an urban district of La Coruña city was performed during the scholar´s year 2016-2017. The participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (ICSP) and the Brief School Adjustment Scale, and a brief questionnaire about their sleep habits and school scores. Descriptive analysis and different comparative parametric or not parametric statistical tests were applied according to type of variable; statistical significant value was considerate for p<0.10.
Results: The 35.7% of sample was poor sleepers and sleepiness was the most altered variable in ICSP. The female participants tended to sleep less than the male participants, and all of them went to sleep 100 minutes later on the weekend. Being a good or bad sleeper did not affect academic performance. Globally the school adjustment was satisfactory. Diurnal dysfunction was related to a worse adolescent-teacher and adolescent-classmate relationship. Diurnal dysfunction was also related to a poor motivation to perform academic tasks.
Conclusions: Sleepiness is the most relevant problem in poor sleepers. Sleepiness has a negative influence on school adjustment and motivation for school activities of all adolescents; it is frequent and underestimated in most of the cases.Fundamentos: La duración y calidad del sue-
ño están relacionadas en los adolescentes con su es-
tado emocional y rendimiento académico. El obje-
tivo del estudio fue evaluar la calidad del sueño en
un grupo de jóvenes y explorar su relación con el
ajuste y rendimiento escolar.
Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-
transversal, con 56 adolescentes entre 13 y 17 años
de un instituto de educación secundaria de un dis-
trito de La Coruña, durante el curso 2016-2017.
Los participantes cumplimentaron el Índice de
Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh (ICSP), la Escala
Breve de Ajuste Escolar y un breve cuestionario
sobre hábitos de sueño y calificaciones académi-
cas. Realizamos el análisis descriptivo y diferentes
pruebas comparativas o de asociación estadística
por métodos paramétricos o no paramétricos según
cada variable, considerándose significativos valo-
res de p<0,10.
Resultados: El 35,7% de la muestra se clasificó
como mala durmiente y la somnolencia fue la varia-
ble más alterada del ICSP. Las mujeres dormían sig-
nificativamente menos que los varones, aunque am-
bos retrasaban 100 minutos el sueño durante el fin de
semana. Ser buen o mal durmiente no afectó al rendi-
miento académico. El ajuste escolar fue satisfactorio
globalmente. Las variables que expresaron desajuste
en la interacción con los profesores y compañeros de
clase, así como la realización de tareas escolares, se
relacionaron con la disfunción diurna.
Conclusiones: La somnolencia es el proble-
ma más relevante en el grupo de malos durmientes.
Esta puede influir negativamente en el ajuste esco-
lar y en la motivación para las actividades escolares
de todos los adolescentes, siendo frecuente y subes-
timada en la mayoría de los casos
Longitudinal analysis on parasite diversity in honeybee colonies: new taxa, high frequency of mixed infections and seasonal patterns of variation
Get PDFTo evaluate the influence that parasites have on the losses of Apis mellifera it is essential to monitor their presence in the colonies over time. Here we analysed the occurrence of nosematids, trypanosomatids and neogregarines in five homogeneous colonies for up to 21 months until they collapsed. The study, which combined the use of several molecular markers with the application of a massive parallel sequencing technology, provided valuable insights into the epidemiology of these parasites: (I) it enabled the detection of parasite species rarely reported in honeybees (Nosema thomsoni, Crithidia bombi, Crithidia acanthocephali) and the identification of two novel taxa; (II) it revealed the existence of a high rate of co-infections (80% of the samples harboured more than one parasite species); (III) it uncovered an identical pattern of seasonal variation for nosematids and trypanosomatids, that was different from that of neogregarines; (IV) it showed that there were no significant differences in the fraction of positive samples, nor in the levels of species diversity, between interior and exterior bees; and (V) it unveiled that the variation in the number of parasite species was not directly linked with the failure of the colonies
Arterial palmar arch occlusion in a woman with Raynaud's disease taking oral combined menopausal hormone therapy: A case report
Get PDFPatients with surgical menopause often present to their primary care provider with menopausal symptoms. Here we present an unusual case of palmar arch artery occlusion in a 55-year-old woman with primary Raynaud's disease taking oral combined menopausal hormone therapy after surgical menopause for endometriosis. She was successfully treated with intravenous infusion of prostaglandin E1 and nitroglycerin patches over two weeks. Menopausal hormone therapy was stopped and her vasomotor symptoms did not recur
De la vigilancia a la accion: modificando conductas terapeuticas en la infeccion gonococica
Get PDFOBJECTIVES: To evaluate improvements in the prescriptions for gonococcal infection after developing a specific public health intervention. Furthermore, to ascertain the proportion of cases diagnosed by culture and current antimicrobial resistance. LOCATION: Galicia, Spain. DESIGN: Before-after study of adherence to the recommended treatment for gonococcal infection (ceftriaxone + azithromycin) after a Public Health intervention. PARTICIPANTS: All Primary Care physicians who had identified and treated a case of gonococcal infection. STUDY PERIOD: Preintervention (2012-13) and postintervention (2014-17). INTERVENTIONS: Access to the recommended treatment (ceftriaxone and azithromycin) was provided in Primary Care and all the information was disseminated to Primary Care physicians and microbiologists through the publication Venres Epidemioloxico. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The study variables were year, prescribed treatment, performing of culture, antibiotic susceptibility testing. The percentages for each of them were calculated. RESULTS: The recommended treatment was used in 3% in 2012-2013, and after the interventions it increased to a mean of 58%. The frequency of culture remained relatively constant after the interventions. Sensitivity to other antibiotics improved as their use decreased. CONCLUSIONS: The interventions carried out implied an improvement in the adherence to the recommended treatment for gonococcal infection in Galicia.Objetivos
Evaluar la mejora en la prescripción del tratamiento ante una sospecha de infección gonocócica tras desarrollarse una intervención sanitaria específica; además, conocer la fracción de casos diagnosticados por cultivo y las resistencias antimicrobianas de las cepas de Neisseria gonorrhoeae que circulan en nuestra comunidad.
Emplazamiento
Galicia, España.
Diseño
Estudio antes-después de la adherencia al tratamiento recomendado para la infección gonocócica (ceftriaxona más azitromicina), tras una intervención de Salud Pública.
Participantes
Todos los médicos de atención primaria que identifican y tratan un caso de infección gonocócica.
Período a estudio
Preintervención (2012-13) y postintervención (2014-17).
Intervenciones
Se facilitó el acceso en atención primaria al tratamiento recomendado (ceftriaxona y azitromicina) y se difundió toda la información a los médicos de atención primaria y microbiólogos a través de la publicación Venres Epidemiolóxico.
Mediciones principales
Las variables a estudio fueron: año, tratamiento prescrito, realización de cultivo, sensibilidad a antibióticos. Se calcularon los porcentajes para cada una de ellas.
Resultados
El tratamiento recomendado se empleó en un 3% en 2012-2013, aumentando, después de las intervenciones, a un 58% de media. La frecuencia de cultivo se mantuvo relativamente constante después de las intervenciones. La sensibilidad a otros antibióticos mejoró al disminuir su uso.
Conclusiones
Las intervenciones realizadas supusieron una mejora en la adherencia al tratamiento recomendado para la infección gonocócica en Galicia
¿Va a cambiar la neurología tras la pandemia de COVID-19 en los próximos 5 años? Estudio de enfoque mediante informadores clave
Get PDFINTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic will give rise to long-term changes in neurological care, which are not easily predictable. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A key informant survey was used to enquire about the changes expected in the specialty over the next 5 years. The survey was completed by heads of neurology departments with broad knowledge of the situation, having been active during the pandemic. RESULTS: Despite a low level of consensus between participants, there was strong (85%) and moderate consensus (70%) about certain subjects, mainly the increase in precautions to be taken, the use of telemedicine and teleconsultations, the reduction of care provided in in-person consultations to avoid the presence of large numbers of people in waiting rooms, the development of remote training solutions, and the changes in monitoring visits during clinical trials. There was consensus that there would be no changes to the indication of complementary testing or neurological examination. CONCLUSION: The key informant survey identified the foreseeable changes in neurological care after the pandemic.Introducción
La pandemia de COVID-19 va a conllevar cambios en la asistencia neurológica, que no se pueden prever fácilmente a largo plazo.
Material y métodos
A través de un modelo de informadores clave se busca el consenso de cómo va a ser la especialidad en un plazo de 5 años, siendo los encuestados jefes de servicio de neurología con conocimiento amplio de la situación al haber actuado durante la pandemia.
Resultados
Aunque se obtiene un grado de acuerdo bajo entre los encuestados, sí se describen acuerdos por consenso a nivel mayor (85%) y menor (70%). Los principales acuerdos se refieren al incremento de precauciones, al uso de la telemedicina, al mantenimiento de las consultas telefónicas, a la reducción de asistencia a las consultas evitando que hayan salas de espera con un número alto de personas, al desarrollo de técnicas docentes no presenciales y a la adaptación en el desarrollo de ensayos clínicos en relación con la visita de los monitores. Sin embargo, no se acuerda que haya cambios en la indicación de exploraciones complementarias, ni en la propia exploración neurológica.
Conclusión
El método de informadores clave ha permitido conocer qué cambios se pueden prever tras la pandemia
Automatic Detection of Freshwater Phytoplankton Specimens in Conventional Microscopy Images
Get PDFWater safety and quality can be compromised by the proliferation of toxin-producing phytoplankton species, requiring continuous monitoring of water sources. This analysis involves the identification and counting of these species which requires broad experience and knowledge. The automatization of these tasks is highly desirable as it would release the experts from tedious work, eliminate subjective factors, and improve repeatability. Thus, in this preliminary work, we propose to advance towards an automatic methodology for phytoplankton analysis in digital images of water samples acquired using regular microscopes. In particular, we propose a novel and fully automatic method to detect and segment the existent phytoplankton specimens in these images using classical computer vision algorithms. The proposed method is able to correctly detect sparse colonies as single phytoplankton candidates, thanks to a novel fusion algorithm, and is able to differentiate phytoplankton specimens from other image objects in the microscope samples (like minerals, bubbles or detritus) using a machine learning based approach that exploits texture and colour features. Our preliminary experiments demonstrate that the proposed method provides satisfactory and accurate results
Liquid biopsy in oncology: a consensus statement of the Spanish Society of Pathology and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology
Get PDFThe proportion of cancer patients with tumours that harbour a potentially targetable genomic alteration is growing considerably. The diagnosis of these genomic alterations can lead to tailored treatment at the onset of disease or on progression and to obtaining additional predictive information on immunotherapy efficacy. However, in up to 25% of cases, the initial tissue biopsy is inadequate for precision oncology and, in many cases, tumour genomic profiling at progression is not possible due to technical limitations of obtaining new tumour tissue specimens. Efficient diagnostic alternatives are therefore required for molecular stratification, which includes liquid biopsy. This technique enables the evaluation of the tumour genomic profile dynamically and captures intra-patient genomic heterogeneity as well. To date, there are several diagnostic techniques available for use in liquid biopsy, each one of them with different precision and performance levels. The objective of this consensus statement of the Spanish Society of Pathology and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology is to evaluate the viability and effectiveness of the different methodological approaches in liquid biopsy in cancer patients and the potential application of this method to current clinical practice. The experts contributing to this consensus statement agree that, according to current evidence, liquid biopsy is an acceptable alternative to tumour tissue biopsy for the study of biomarkers in various clinical settings. It is therefore important to standardise pre-analytical and analytical procedures, to ensure reproducibility and generate structured and accessible clinical reports. It is essential to appoint multidisciplinary tumour molecular boards to oversee these processes and to enable the most suitable therapeutic decisions for each patient according to the genomic profile
Analysis of Complete Genome Sequence of Acinetobacter baumannii Strain ATCC 19606 Reveals Novel Mobile Genetic Elements and Novel Prophage
Get PDFAcinetobacter baumannii isolate ATCC 19606 was recovered in the US prior to 1948. It has been used as a reference and model organism in many studies involving antibiotic resistance and pathogenesis of A. baumannii, while, until recently, a complete genome of this strain was not available. Here, we present an analysis of the complete 3.91-Mbp genome sequence, generated via a combination of short-read sequencing (Illumina) and long-read sequencing (MinION), and show it contains two small cryptic plasmids and a novel complete prophage of size 41.2 kb. We also characterised several regions of the ATCC 19606 genome, leading to the identification of a novel cadmium/mercury transposon, which was named Tn6551. ATCC 19606 is an antibiotic-sensitive strain, but a comparative analysis of all publicly available ST52 strains predicts a resistance to modern antibiotics by the accumulation of antibiotic-resistance genes via plasmids in recent isolates that belong to this sequence type
Premature ventricular contractions in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator cardiac resynchronization therapy device: Results from the UMBRELLA registry
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Premature ventricular contractions (PVC) are known to reduce the percentage of biventricular (BiV) pacing in patients with cardiac resynchronization (CRT), decreasing the clinical response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of a high PVC burden, as well as therapeutic action (pharmacotherapy, catheter ablation or device programming), in a large CRT implantable-defibrillator (CRT-D) population. METHODS: Patients with a CRT-D device from the UMBRELLA multicenter prospective remote monitoring registry were included. The PVC count was collected from each remote monitoring transmission. Patients were divided into two high (>/=1 transmission >/=200/>/=400 PVC/h, respectively) and one low (all transmissions /=200/>/=400 PVC/h, respectively). The majority of patients in the high PVC groups were not treated (61 [79%] and 32 [74%], respectively. Considering the untreated patients in the high PVC groups, median PVC/h was 199 (interquartile range [IQR]: 196) and 271 (IQR: 330), respectively. The PVC burden (proportion of time with PVC/h >/= 200/>/=400) was 40% (IQR 70) and 29% (IQR 59), respectively. CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of CRT-D patients presented a high PVC count, however, few received treatment. In the untreated patients with a high PVC count, the PVC burden during follow-up varied substantially. Several consecutive recordings of a high PVC count should be warranted before considering therapeutic action such as catheter ablation
Analysis of Four Polymorphisms Located at the Promoter of the Estrogen Receptor Alpha ESR1 Gene in a Population With Gender Incongruence
Get PDFINTRODUCTION: Gender incongruence defines a state in which individuals feel discrepancy between the sex assigned at birth and their gender. Some of these people make a social transition from male to female (trans women) or from female to male (trans men). By contrast, the word cisgender describes a person whose gender identity is consistent with their sex assigned at birth. AIM: To analyze the implication of the estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR1) in the genetic basis of gender incongruence. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Polymorphisms rs9478245, rs3138774, rs2234693, rs9340799. METHOD: We carried out the analysis of 4 polymorphisms located at the promoter of the ESR1 gene (C1 = rs9478245, C2 = rs3138774, C3 = rs2234693, and C4 = rs9340799) in a population of 273 trans women, 226 trans men, and 537 cis gender controls. For SNP polymorphisms, the allele and genotype frequencies were analyzed by chi(2) test. The strength of the SNP associations with gender incongruence was measured by binary logistic regression. For the STR polymorphism, the mean number of repeats were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test. Measurement of linkage disequilibrium and haplotype frequencies were also performed. RESULTS: The C2 median repeats were shorter in the trans men population. Genotypes S/S and S/L for the C2 polymorphism were overrepresented in the trans men group (P = .012 and P = .003 respectively). We also found overtransmission of the A/A genotype (C4) in the trans men population (P = .017), while the A/G genotype (C4) was subrepresented (P = .009]. The analyzed polymorphisms were in linkage disequilibrium. In the trans men population, the T(C1)-L(C2)-C(C3)-A(C4) haplotype was overrepresented (P = .019) while the T(C1)-L(C2)-C(C3)-G(C4) was subrepresented (P = .005). CONCLUSION: The ESR1 is associated with gender incongruence in the trans men population. Fernandez R, Delgado-Zayas E,RamirezK, et al. Analysis of Four Polymorphisms Located at the Promoter of the Estrogen Receptor Alpha ESR1 Gene in a Population With Gender Incongruence. Sex Med 2020;8:490-500