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Mesurer l’autorégulation émotionnelle d’élèves d’école primaire dans le cadre d’un programme de pauses actives : une étude mixte associée à une triangulation des données
No full textInternational audienceThis article uses a convergent mixed methodology associated with on data triangulation to assess the impacts of a classroom physical activity breaks (CPAB) program on students’ emotional self-regulation, and specifically on students with behavioral and emotional difficulties (BED). The study involved 156 students aged six to ten years and their seven primary school teachers. Questionnaires were completed by both students and teachers, observations over students and interviews with the teachers were made. The integration of the results reveals the favorable effects of an active break program on students’ emotional self-regulation, particularly among DCE students, and highlights a plurality of emotional self-regulation processes mobilized by students during active breaks. This study also demonstrates the interest and relevance of using a mixed methodology combined with data triangulation to analyze students’ emotions in their elementary school context.Cet article s’appuie sur un devis mixte convergent associé à une triangulation des données pour mesurer les effets d’un programme de pauses actives sur l’autorégulation émotionnelle des élèves à l’école primaire, en particulier chez des élèves présentant des difficultés comportementales et émotionnelles (DCE). Ainsi, 156 élèves âgés de six à dix ans et leurs sept enseignants ont participé à cette étude. Des questionnaires ont été remplis par les élèves et les enseignants, des observations sur les élèves et des entretiens avec les enseignants ont été réalisés. L’intégration des résultats obtenus révèle les effets favorables d’un programme de pauses actives sur l’autorégulation émotionnelle des élèves, notamment chez les élèves DCE et met en évidence une pluralité de processus d’autorégulation émotionnelle mobilisés par les élèves lors de l’utilisation des pauses actives. Cette étude souligne également l’intérêt et la pertinence de l’utilisation d’une méthodologie mixte associée à une triangulation des données pour analyser les émotions des élèves dans leur contexte, à l’école primaire
Real-Time Fixed Priority Scheduling Synthesis using Affine DataFlow Graphs: from Theory to Practice
No full textInternational audienceThe major drawback of using static schedules to execute dataflow applications is their high inflexibility. In real-time systems, periodic schedules make it easier to assert safety guarantees and to decrease the schedule size, but their characteristics remain hard to compute. This article presents an approach to automatically generate fixed priority schedules from a dataflow specification. To do so, precedence dependencies between actors in the dataflow graphs are abstracted, as well as the task periods, by using affine relations . This abstraction allows us to synthesize schedules efficiently considering two main objectives: the maximization of throughput and the minimization of buffer sizes. Given a dataflow graph to execute in a real-time environment, we transform it into an Affine DataFlow Graph (ADFG) and compute the task priorities, their mapping, the number of delays in the buffers, and the buffer sizes. This article is the first to present an overview of both theoretical and practical aspects of ADFG. On the theoretical side, it presents corrections and improvements on the fixed priority case. On the practical side, benchmark evaluations demonstrate the robustness and maturity of the approach that our scheduling synthesizer implements. Synthesized schedules are evaluated by using scheduling simulation and real-time implementation. Last but not least, the synthesized periods reach the optimal throughput if enough processors are available, and most of the time the periods reach the maximal processor utilization factor in the uni-processor case. Moreover, execution time of the synthesis is about only one second for the main proposed algorithms
Impacts of neonicotinoids on biodiversity: a critical review
No full textInternational audienceNeonicotinoids are the most widely used class of insecticides in the world but they have raised numerous concerns regarding their effects on biodiversity. Thus, the objective of this work was to do a critical review of the contamination of the environment (soil, water, air, biota) by neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam) and of their impacts on terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity. Neonicotinoids are very frequently detected in soils and in freshwater, and they are also found in the air. They have only been recently monitored in coastal and marine environments, but some studies already reported the presence of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in transitional or semi-enclosed ecosystems (lagoons, bays and estuaries). The contamination of the environment leads to the exposure and to the contamination of non-target organisms, and to negative effects on biodiversity. Direct impacts of neonicotinoids are mainly reported on terrestrial invertebrates (e.g., pollinators, natural enemies, earthworms) and vertebrates (e.g., birds), and on aquatic invertebrates (e.g., arthropods). Impacts on aquatic vertebrate populations and communities, as well as on microorganisms, are less documented. In addition to their toxicity to directly exposed organisms, neonicotinoid induce indirect effects via trophic cascades as demonstrated in several species (terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates). However, more data are needed to reach firmer conclusions and to get a clearer picture of such indirect effects. Finally, we identified specific knowledge gaps that need to be filled to better understand the effects of neonicotinoids on terrestrial, freshwater and marine organisms, as well as on ecosystem services associated with these biotas
Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1) Ultracool dwarfs in the Euclid Deep Field North
No full textInternational audienceUltracool dwarfs (UCDs) encompass the lowest mass stars and brown dwarfs, defining the stellar substellar boundary. They have significant potential for advancing the understanding of substellar physics; however, these objects are challenging to detect due to their low luminosity. The wide coverage and deep sensitivity of the Euclid survey will increase the number of confirmed and well characterised UCDs by several orders of magnitude. In this study, we take advantage of the Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1) and in particular we look in detail at the known and new UCDs in the Euclid Deep Field North (22.9 deg2 down to JE = 24.5 mag), to understand the advantages of using the slitless Euclid spectroscopy. We compile a comparison sample of known UCDs and use their spectra to demonstrate the capability of Euclid to derive spectral types using a template matching method. This method is then applied to the spectra of the newly identified candidates. We confirm that 33 of these candidates are new UCDs, with spectral types ranging from M7 to T1 and JE = 17 to 21 mag. We look at their locus in colour colour diagrams and compare them with the expected colours of QSOs. A machine readable catalogue is provided for further study, containing both the comparison sample and the newly identified UCDs, along with their spectral classifications where the Q1 spectra quality allows for confident determinatio
Faster computation of Witt vectors over polynomial rings
No full text11 pagesWe describe an algorithm which computes the ring laws for Witt vectors of finite length over a polynomial ring with coefficients in a finite field. This algorithm uses an isomorphism of Illusie in order to compute in an adequate polynomial ring. We also give an implementation of the algorithm in SageMath, which turns out to be faster that Finotti's algorithm, which was until now the most efficient one for these operations
Pour une science de la Transition Énergétique au Service de la Société: Rapport du groupe interdisciplinaire ARPEGES CNRS pour la Transition énergétique
No full textNational audienceResearch on the energy transition raises a series of major challenges: it is a problem-oriented field of research (that of decarbonising the energy mix), which must be resolutely ethical and include principles of social and environmental justice from the very beginning... and this despite the problematic nature of the notion of transition which gives a misleading notion of the process that will lead to desired changes - if there are any. Taking this observation as its starting point, this paper sets out a number of avenues for research into key issues. It begins by examining the way in which the energy transition is transforming the interplay between actors in the energy sector and the scales at which decisions are taken and implemented. While inviting to take account of the wide variety of national contexts and levels of development, the article acknowledges the certainties and uncertainties surrounding the composition of the energy mix. It also stresses the importance of taking account of the externalities of technological choices, particularly in environmental terms. This enables us to draw up a research agenda focusing not only on the spatial aspects of transitions, but also on the ways in which economic models need to incorporate new parameters and new constraints. The article also invites to consider how the relationship between energy production and consumption is changing, and how consumption needs to be reduced. In so doing, the article defends the idea that research, which is necessarily interdisciplinary and reflexive, has a strong role to play in basing transition action on scientifically sound findings.La recherche sur la transition énergétique pose plusieurs défis de taille : c’est une recherche orientée problème (celui de la décarbonation du mix énergétique), qui doit être résolument éthique et intégrer dès sa formulation des principes de justice sociale et environnementale... et ce alors même que la notion de transition est problématique en ceci qu’elle donne une fausse idée du processus qui mènera aux changements attendus – si changements il y a. Partant de ce constat, ce Regard dresse des pistes de recherche sur des thématiques saillantes, notamment sur les acteurs et échelles des transitions, les techniques et leurs externalités, les modèles économiques et sociaux qui permettent de guider l’action, les modèles de consommation production et s’interroge sur les rapports entre consommation et production. Il défend in fine l’idée que la recherche, forcément interdisciplinaire et réflexive, a un rôle fort à jouer pour fonder l’action en matière de transition sur des constats scientifiquement fondés
