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Écologie du sens et refondation du droit pour un âge éco-logique
No full textInternational audienceThis article offers a synthesis of the approach implemented under the name of “human ecology” since La société de l’invention. Pour une architectonique philosophique de l’âge écologique (2018), the second part of which gave the program of this philosophy, while La philosophie du paradoxe. Prolégomènes à la Relativité philosophique (2024) specifies its method. It articulates the ecology of meaning with its translation into political philosophy: the refoundation of law for an ecological age.Cet article offre une synthèse de la démarche mise en place sous le nom d’« écologie humaine » dans La société de l’invention. Pour une architectonique philosophique de l’âge écologique (2018), dont la seconde partie donnait le programme de cette philosophie, tandis que La philosophie du paradoxe. Prolégomènes à la Relativité philosophique (2024) précise sa méthode. Il articule l’écologie du sens et sa traduction en philosophie politique : la refondation du droit pour un âge écologique
L'écologie numérique en R
No full textInternational audienceCe livre présente l'écologie numérique, branche de l'écologie quantitative consacrée à l'analyse numérique des données écologiques dont celles portant sur les communautés naturelles. L'accent y est mis sur les méthodes multivariables, devenues incontournables depuis les années 1970. L'objectif principal est de fournir aux chercheurs les outils nécessaires pour choisir et appliquer, de façon logique, les traitements statistiques les mieux adaptés à leurs données. Fondé sur le langage R, désormais essentiel dans ce domaine, l'ouvrage adopte une approche résolument pratique, centrée sur l'utilisateur déjà familier avec les bases de ce langage. Destiné aux étudiants universitaires, chercheurs, enseignantset professionnels en écologie, biologie, sciences de l'environnement, géographie, géomatique, biostatistique, sciences du climat et autres disciplines connexes, il permet d'approfondir la maîtrise desméthodes statistiques appliquées aux données écologiques. Une introduction claire aux notions fondamentales associées aux objets multivariables complète l'ensemble
Generative models of scale-invariant systems of cities: Do they agree with or contradict theoretical and empirical expectations?
No full textInternational audienceCities around the world differ greatly in size and in their social and economic characteristics. Yet quantitative regularities can be observed when considering systems of cities. Quite often, rank-size distributions of cities are approximately scale-invariant and scaling laws relate the size of cities to some particular socio-economic variables. These scaling regularities are worth investigating once acknowledged their deviations to strict scale-invariance and their spatial and temporal variations. One research objective is to devise models incorporating generative processes that are thought to be crucial to the emergence of these empirical patterns, and then to test whether the models can reproduce them accurately. The aim here is to provide a critical cross-disciplinary overview of such models. Three disciplines are covered: economics, geography and physics. Models are examined and compared with respect to the explanatory processes they incorporate, with a focus on the role of space, the diversity of the entities modelled and the dynamics that the models can or cannot simulate. From this examination, recommendations are provided for building generative models of scale-invariant systems of cities that are really relevant
Short-term stability of a microcell optical reference based on the Rb atom two-photon transition at 778 nm
No full textInternational audienceWe report on the development and short-term stability characterization of an optical frequency reference based on the spectroscopy of the rubidium two-photon transition at 778 nm in a microfabricated vapor cell. When compared against a 778 nm reference signal extracted from a frequency-doubled cavity-stabilized telecom laser, the short-term stability of the microcell frequency standard is until 200 s, in good agreement with a phase noise level of at 1 Hz offset frequency. The two main contributions to the short-term stability of the microcell reference are currently the photon shot noise and the intermodulation effect induced by the laser frequency noise. Retaining a relevant margin of progress, these results show the interest of this spectroscopic approach for the demonstration of high-stability miniaturized optical vapor cell clocks. Such clocks are poised to be highly beneficial for applications in navigation, communications, and metrology
Enhanced absorption in Doppler-free spectroscopy of the Rb atom D1 line with monochromatic light: Application to laser-frequency stabilization
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Distributed Time-Varying Optimal Resource Management for Microgrids via Fixed-Time Multiagent Approach
No full textInternational audienceThis paper investigates the distributed time-varying (TV) resource management problem (RMP) for microgrids (MGs) within a multi-agent system (MAS) framework. A novel fixed-time (FXT) distributed optimization algorithm is proposed, capable of operating over switching communication graphs and handling both local inequality and global equality constraints. By incorporating a time-decaying penalty function, the algorithm achieves an FXT consensus on marginal costs and ensures asymptotic convergence to the optimal TV solution of the original RMP. Unlike the prior methods with centralized coordination, the proposed algorithm is fully distributed, scalable, and privacy-preserving, making it suitable for real-time deployment in dynamic MG environments. Rigorous theoretical analysis establishes FXT convergence under both identical and nonidentical Hessian conditions. Simulations on the IEEE 14-bus system validate the algorithm’s superior performance in convergence speed, plug-and-play adaptability, and robustness to switching topologies
Cs microcell optical reference at 459 nm with short-term frequency stability below 2 x 10<sup>-13</sup>
No full textInternational audienceWe describe the short-term frequency stability characterization of external-cavity diode lasers stabilized onto the 6S1/2 - 7P1/2 transition of Cs atom at 459 nm, using a microfabricated vapor cell. The laser beatnote between two nearly-identical systems, each using saturated absorption spectroscopy in a simple retroreflected configuration, exhibits an instability of 2.5 x 10-13 at 1 s, consistent with phase noise analysis, and 3 x 10-14 at 200 s. The primary contributors to the stability budget at one second are the FM-AM noise conversion and the intermodulation effect, both emerging from laser frequency noise. These results highlight the potential of microcell-based optical references to achieve stability performances comparable to that of an active hydrogen maser in a remarkably simple architecture
Detection of the zoonotic nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Pacific crustaceans by real-time PCR
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Polygenic risk scores for severe psychiatric disorders in bipolar disorders: associations with the clinical and dimensional expression, interactions with childhood maltreatment and mediation models
No full textInternational audiencePolygenic risk scores (PRSs) for several psychiatric disorders have been associated with the clinical presentation of bipolar disorder (BD). PRSs have also been suggested to moderate the associations between childhood maltreatment and BD severity. In this study, we investigated how PRSs for BD, schizophrenia, major depressive disorders (MDD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) might disentangle the clinical and dimensional heterogeneity of BD in a sample of 852 affected individuals. We used logistic and linear regressions, moderation and mediation models to test the associations between PRSs, dimensions in childhood/adulthood and clinical indicators of severity of BD. All models were adjusted for age, sex, BD type and depressive symptoms. None of the PRSs were significantly associated with the clinical expression of BD when considered in terms of mode of onset, course, or psychiatric comorbidities. Nevertheless, the PRS-ADHD significantly and positively correlated with the levels of childhood maltreatment, childhood ADHD symptoms, and of some adulthood measures (affective lability, impulsivity and hostility) with p values ranging from 3.10-8-4.10-4. None of the PRSs moderated the effects of childhood maltreatment on the clinical or dimensional variables. Mediation model suggested paths from both PRS-ADHD and PRS-MDD to childhood ADHD symptoms and childhood maltreatment. The links between PRS-ADHD to all adulthood dimensions were mediated by childhood ADHD symptoms (p < 0.002). In turn, some adulthood dimensions (mainly affect intensity and affective lability) were associated with the clinical severity of BD, as defined by rapid cycling, suicide attempts and anxiety disorders. In conclusion, this study disentangles the associations between the genetic liability for four psychiatric disorders and the clinical/dimensional heterogeneity of BD. We suggest a continuum from the genetic risk for ADHD and MDD through dimensions in childhood/adulthood to a severe/complex clinical expression of BD