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Dispersive wave generation in photonic crystal fibers with normal dispersion pumping
No full textInternational audienceWe present a comprehensive numerical and experimental study of dispersive wave emission in photonic crystal fibers from femtosecond pulses under normal dispersion pumping. We investigate its dependence on peak power, pump wavelength, and polarization angle, as well as its beneficial impact on supercontinuum generation. Our findings underscore the crucial role of higher-order dispersion in accurately modeling optical wave breaking and dispersive wave generation in the anomalous dispersion regime. Experimentally, our results show excellent agreement with numerical simulations, further validating the phase-matching model for predicting the dispersive wave position. Additionally, we measure the relative intensity noise using the dispersive Fourier transform technique. Our results suggest that achieving all-normal dispersion may not be essential to suppress instabilities, potentially improving the efficiency of coherent supercontinuum generation in the normal dispersion regime
Assessment of anisotropic mechanical response of human skin : insights from a clinical trial
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents findings from the SKin Uncertainties Modeling (SKUM) clinical trial aimed at assessing the anisotropic mechanical response of human skin using the annular suction test, employing a numerical method and a commercial device, CutiScan® CS 100. A cohort of 30 healthy volunteers participated in the trial, undergoing in vivo testing on the left forearm through a multi-axial stretch induced by ring suction. Determination of the anisotropy axis was performed using a numerical method based on model fitting of experimental data obtained from oriented elliptic curves, which resulted from the radial deformation of circles. The study evaluates the reproducibility and variability of measurements through an intra-subject study involving five participants, providing insights into the consistency of results within individuals. Additionally, an inter-subject analysis across all subjects offers a comprehensive understanding of anisotropy variability, elucidating broader population tendencies. Furthermore, the study explores correlations between anisotropy and demographic factors such as sex, age, and skin thickness, shedding light on potential influences on skin biomechanics. The analysis showed significant correlations between skin anisotropy and sex, with males displaying a distinct anisotropy axis orientation compared to females. In contrast, no significant associations were found between anisotropy and age among individuals aged 20-50, or between anisotropy and epidermal thickness
Bernard Cros, Rugbys d’Afrique du Sud (1862-2022) : du hors-jeu à la transformation , Paris, Presses Sorbonne Nouvelle, coll. « Études culturelles », 2023, 684 p.
No full textTheoretical design and practical implementation of the food sampling for the 3 rd French total diet study
No full textInternational audienceBased on composite food samples representative of the whole diet, prepared as consumed, total diet studies (TDSs) are amongst the most cost-effective approaches to assess population dietary exposure to chemicals residues and contaminants, and to provide representative data for health risk assessment. The third French TDS was launched in 2018. From the most recent French dietary survey, 276 foods were selected based on consumption and contamination levels, thus covering over 90% of the French diet. Stratification by season (3, 6 or 12-monthperiods) and agricultural type (organic vs. conventional) led to collecting 719 composite samples. Each sample was made up of 12 pooled subsamples of the same food, representative of the food supply and habits of the French population and prepared as consumed according to the typical household practices. Food collection took place in 2021-2022 in three French departments. Substitution rules were applied when necessary to increase the likelihood of finding a product or to replace unavailable items (e.g. from supermarket, retailed shop…), that allowed collection of 98% of the expected subsamples. It is intended that the foodcomposite samples will be analyzed for approximately 300 chemicals to update concentration levels, estimate dietary exposure, and support health risk assessment in France
La dialectique du visible et de l’invisible dans l’anatomie de la première modernité
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Analyse de la matière sensible numérique des sensations vidéoludiques
No full textInternational audienceThe aesthetic analysis of videogame sensations presents an original feature: the matter of these sensations is the product of a synthesis operated both by a computer and through the exchange the player has with it. The aim of this article is to analyze the material conditions of this synthesis to reveal its stratification and instability. This analysis follows the thread of a feeling inherent to videogame practice, identified in a sequence from Detroit: Become Human, which we call ‘becoming-android’.L’analyse esthétique des sensations vidéoludiques rencontre une originalité : la matière de ces sensations est le produit d’une synthèse opérée à la fois par un ordinateur et par l’échange que le joueur entretient avec celui-ci. L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser les conditions matérielles de cette synthèse pour en révéler la stratification et la précarité. Cette analyse suit le fil directeur d’un sentiment inhérent à la pratique vidéoludique, identifié dans une séquence de Detroit: Become Human, et que nous nommons « devenir-androïde »
The role of trophic interactions in indirect effects of pesticides: Trophic interactions: Their role in pesticide transfer and biodiversity impacts
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Développement de guides d'ondes dans le proche IR basés sur le concept swifts, pour la caractérisation de spectres atmosphériques
No full textNational audienceL'objectif est de présenter un spectromètre intégré à transformée de Fourier, visant la détection d'espèces gazeuses définies. Le composant est un ensemble de guides d'onde gravés sur Niobate de Lithium, multiplexés spatialement et temporellement, permettant l'évolution d'un lambdamètre en spectromètre par gain en étendue spectrale
Classe de langue et technologies numériques : nouveau regard, nouveaux concepts
No full textInternational audienceThe aim of this article is to report on a comparative analysis of MOOCs for language teaching, to question the place of technology in the language classroom, and to present and describe in detail new concepts for understanding the different degrees of technologization of the language classroom. These concepts are part of a broader analysis of the constituent elements of a didactic context. In our view, these concepts are essential if we are to take a fresh look at both the design of language teaching curricula and the content of language teacher training programsLe présent article vise à rencontre compte d'une analyse comparée de MOOCs pour l'enseignement des langues, à questionner la place de la technologie dans la classe de langue, à présenter et décrire de manière détaillée de nouveaux concepts permettant d'appréhender les différents degrés de technologisation de la classe de langue. Ceux-ci s'inscrivent dans une grille d'analyse plus large des éléments constitutifs d'un contexte didactique. Ces concepts nous semblent essentiels pour adopter un nouveau regard tant sur la conception de cursus pour l'enseignement de langues que sur les contenus des programmes de formation des enseignants de langues
Landscape graphs as tools for modelling and managing spatial ecological networks: current limits and new challenges
No full textInternational audienceAmong the approaches to modelling habitat connectivity, landscape graphs have been widely used in conservation and land planning for two decades. However, their relevance is challenged by methods derived from circuit theory and individual-based models (IBMs). We identify the limitations of landscape graphs in light of the advantages provided by competing methods. The focus falls first on link weighting, hindered by the shortcomings of least-cost distances (LCDs), and second on the inconsistencies of the standard connectivity metrics. Faced with these limitations, circuit theory may partly remedy the drawbacks of LCDs without providing any clear advantage. Conversely, IBMs are an interesting way to overcome both the problems of link weighting and their integration into connectivity metrics by directly providing flux estimates. Consequently, a major challenge of landscape graphs is to renew their design by including a parsimonious IBM