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Biodiversité et impacts sur les relations humain-animal
No full textInternational audienceLa présente note a pour but de rappeler les changements en cours qui nous conduisent à une transitionvers un monde différent, plus fluctuant et imprévisible, et d’explorer les conséquences de ces changementssur les relations Humain - Animal. La recherche de « nouvelles philosophies de la nature sans Nature » est devenue une nécessité vitale. Elles doivent expliquer en quoi les humains font partie de la nature et ne sont pas extérieurs à un objet majuscule, la Nature, qui leur serait extérieur et étranger. Nous ne pouvons pas échapper à l’incontournable réalité écologique et physiologique des chaînes alimentaires et des réseaux trophiques : il nous faut tuer des plantes et des animaux pour manger et manger pour vivre, et il semble déraisonnable que nos besoins biologiques fondamentaux soient moralement répréhensibles. Il s’agit, donc, de considérer avec les égards qui leur sont dus, la sentience de certains organismes et en même temps la nécessaire protection de toutes les formes vivantes au sein d’écosystèmes robustes de leur diversité, sans pour autant en nier les mécanismes essentiels et inévitables comme la relation mangeur - mangé. Il ne s’agit, ici, rien moins que de penser la communauté de destin de l’ensemble du vivant dans un monde reconnu comme fini, en acceptant la réalité de ses processus écologiques et évolutifs et des innombrables dépendances directes et indirectes qui en résultent et assurent ainsi l’habitabilité de la terre par et pour les humains
Offset sideband locking to iodine for laser cooling on the 1 S 0 → 3 P 1 transition of 171 Yb
No full textInternational audienceWe present absolute frequency measurements of a laser stabilized using an offset sideband locking technique on the P(49)24-1 rovibrational transition of 127 I 2 near 556 nm. The P(49)24-1 transition is offset by 4.8 GHz from the intercombination transition of 171 Yb. A dual-tone electro-optical modulator is employed to bridge this frequency gap, enabling frequency stabilization of the 556 nm laser near the Yb transition, achieving a fractional frequency stability of 1.2 × 10 −11 at one second. We thoroughly characterize the frequency shifts associated with this locking scheme, with typical systematic effects fractional uncertainties of 9 × 10 −12
Global Marine Flyways Identified for Long‐Distance Migrating Seabirds From Tracking Data
No full textInternational audienceAim: To identify the broad-scale oceanic migration routes (‘marine flyways’) used by multiple pelagic, long-distance migratory seabirds based on a global compilation of tracking data.Location: Global.Time Period: 1989–2023.Major Taxa Studied: Seabirds (Families: Phaethontidae, Hydrobatidae, Diomedeidae, Procellariidae, Laridae and Stercorariidae).Methods: We collated a comprehensive global tracking dataset that included the migratory routes of 48 pelagic and long-distance migrating seabird species across the Atlantic, Indian, Pacific and Southern Oceans. We grouped individuals that followed similar routes, independent of species or timings of migration, using a dynamic time warping clustering approach. We visualised the routes of each cluster using a line density analysis and used knowledge of seabird spatial ecology to combine the clusters to identify the broad-scale flyways followed by most pelagic migratory seabirds tracked to-date at an ocean-basin scale.Results: Six marine flyways were identified across the world's oceans: the Atlantic Ocean Flyway, North Indian Ocean Flyway, East Indian Ocean Flyway, West Pacific Ocean Flyway, Pacific Ocean Flyway and Southern Ocean Flyway. Generally, the flyways were used bidirectionally, and individuals either followed sections of a flyway, a complete flyway, or their movements linked two or more flyways. Transhemispheric figure-of-eight routes in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and a circumnavigation flyway in the Southern Ocean correspond with major wind-driven ocean currents.Main Conclusions: The marine flyways identified demonstrate that pelagic seabirds have similar and repeatable migration routes across ocean-basin scales. Our study highlights the need to account for connectivity in seabird conservation and provides a framework for international cooperation
Validity and reliability of two strain gauges to measure upper-body relative strength in gymnastics still rings
No full textInternational audienceThe still rings routine has evolved over the last century, emphasizing increasing strength. What is paramount is not absolute but relative strength, as each gymnast hangs from the still rings and must overcome the effect of gravity on their body using their own upper limb characteristics: strength and dimension. While the vertical force produced by the gymnast is easily measured on a force plate, a specific computation is required when the force is measured in the cable, as the cables are not perfectly vertical. No publication has yet investigated the impact of cable length or the distance between the rings (i.e., the gymnast's arm span) on the tension measured in the cable. The purpose of this study is to validate strain gauges in comparison with a force plate and to provide recommendations for their use in assessing a gymnast's relative strength. To address this, a static loading procedure was performed with weights ranging from 50 to 80 kg, increasing in increments of 10 kg (50, 60, 70, 80 kg). Different distances between the still rings were tested, ranging from 50 cm (vertical cables – 0.0° angle) to 170 cm (31.1° angle), with increments of 20 cm (i.e., 10 cm on each side). Each weight was first placed on a pair of force plates (K-Deltas, Kinvent Biomécanique) before being hung in the middle of the rings with cables equipped with 1-axis strain gauges (K-Pull traction dynamometers, Kinvent Biomécanique). The largest discrepancy between the two methods was 10.31 N, which could be attributed to the sensor as well as the distance between the rings. This article provides a clear answer to the questions regarding the effects of the angle and the length of the cable on tension. Strain gauges are a smaller, lighter, and more affordable alternative to force plates while remaining reliable, valid, and discriminative, provided that the cable angle is known
Organisation des foyers d’attention durant les moments d’institutionnalisation : étude de cas dans une classe de CM2
No full textThrough this thesis, we examine the organization of different focal points of attention during moments of institutionalization, based on a case study conducted in a CM2 (fifth-grade) classroom. First, a theoretical section is dedicated to explaining key concepts related to attention, the different forms of communication, and the social organization within the classroom. Next, we present the study setting as well as the research methodology adopted. Finally, the last section focuses on presenting and analyzing the results obtained, discussing the hypotheses formulated, and drawing conclusions from them.À travers ce mémoire, nous nous intéressons à l’organisation des différents foyers d’attention lors des moments d’institutionnalisation, en nous appuyant sur une étude de cas menée dans une classe de CM2. Dans un premier temps, une partie théorique est consacrée à l’explication des concepts clés liés à l’attention, aux différentes formes de communication et à l’organisation sociale au sein de la classe. Dans un deuxième temps, nous présentons le terrain d’étude ainsi que la méthodologie de recherche adoptée. Enfin, la dernière partie est dédiée à la présentation et à l’analyse des résultats obtenus, aux hypothèses formulées et aux conclusions qui en découlent
Objective Optimization of a Novel Micro Trapped Vortex Combustor for Thermophotovoltaic Systems Using CFD and RSM
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Shaping the physical world to our ends through the left PF technical-cognition area
No full textInternational audienceOur propensity to materiality, which consists in using, making, creating, and passing on technologies, has enabled us to shape the physical world according to our ends. To explain this proclivity, scientists have calibrated their lens to either low-level skills such as motor cognition or high-level skills such as language or social cognition. Yet, little has been said about the intermediate-level cognitive processes that are directly involved in mastering this materiality, that is, technical cognition. We aim to focus on this intermediate level for providing new insights into the neurocognitive bases of human materiality. Here, we show that a technical-reasoning process might be specifically at work in physical problem-solving situations. We found via two distinct neuroimaging studies that the area PF (parietal F) within the left parietal lobe is central for this reasoning process in both tool-use and non-tool-use physical problem-solving and can work along with social-cognitive skills to resolve day-to-day interactions that combine social and physical constraints. Our results demonstrate the existence of a specific cognitive module in the human brain dedicated to materiality, which might be the supporting pillar allowing the accumulation of technical knowledge over generations. Intensifying research on technical cognition could nurture a comprehensive framework that has been missing in fields interested in how early and modern humans have been interacting with the physical world through technology, and how this interaction has shaped our history and culture
Le sentiment de compétence des sages-femmes pour la réalisation de l'entretien postnatal précoce
No full textThe subject : The midwife’s perceived self-efficacy to carry out a first postpartum checkup. Context : The first postpartum checkup was introduced in 2022. The aim is to prevent postpartum depression. Many topics can also be addressed during this first postnatal visit. The midwife must draw on a wide range of skills and knowledge to meet the patient's needs. Method : The research report examines midwives' perceived competence in conducting the early postnatal interview. The main aim is to assess the competence of both self-employed midwives and those working in the department of maternal and child health in Bourgogne Franche-Comté. The study, conducted from May to August 2024, used a quantitative, descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional approach. A questionnaire based on the professional reference framework for midwives was distributed. Results/discussion : Self-employed midwives reported lower competence than midwives working in the department of maternal and child health. Midwives perceived higher self-efficacy in building trust and discussing the father-mother-baby bond (7/10), but lower self-efficacy in identifying needs (5/10), promoting health (5.4/10), and referring patients for risky situations (5.2/10). The midwife’s perceived self-efficacy in the first postpartum checkup is higher with vocational training and professional experience.Contexte : Depuis 2022, l’entretien postnatal précoce fait partie des compétences des sages-femmes. Les maïeuticien(ne)s peuvent réaliser cet entretien avec ou sans enseignements spécifiques au cours de leur formation initiale et/ou continue. Objectifs de l’étude : Évaluer le sentiment de compétence et les besoins des sages-femmes libéral(e)s et territorial(e)s de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté pour réaliser un entretien postnatal précoce. Matériel et méthodes : Étude prospective, quantitative et observationnelle menée auprès de 51 sages-femmes libéral(e)s et 19 sages-femmes territorial(e)s de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté grâce à un questionnaire d’auto-évaluation du sentiment de compétence, distribué de mai à août 2024. Résultats : Les sages-femmes se sentent compétentes pour établir une relation de confiance et évoquer la relation père-mère-bébé avec un sentiment de compétence général de 7/10. Leur sentiment de compétence est plus faible pour recueillir les besoins (5/10), prévenir et promouvoir la santé (5,4/10) et orienter vers des professionnels de santé en cas de danger (5,2/10). L’expérience de cet entretien et la formation continue spécifique à l’EPNP permettent d’améliorer significativement le sentiment de compétence des sages-femmes
Gaussian Generating Functionals on Easy Quantum Groups
No full textInternational audienceAbstract We describe all Gaussian generating functionals on several easy quantum groups given by non-crossing partitions. This includes in particular the free unitary, orthogonal and symplectic quantum groups. We further characterize central Gaussian generating functionals and describe a centralization procedure yielding interesting (non-Gaussian) generating functionals
L' utilisation de la musique et du chant dans l'apprentissage d'une langue étrangère
No full textAs part of my master MEEF English course, I am proposing this research project which looks at the role of music and song in learning a foreign language (in this case, English). The aim of this project is to explore how the use of music and song in my teaching methods promotes student memorisation and motivation. I set up an experimental study to test my hypotheses on the subject. To do this, I observed two classes of 6th graders in my second year masters placement, and I set up a test class and a control class, so that I could compare the results. The hypotheses of this study were validated, and the class dynamics seem to have evolved. This study suggests the use of musical tools or songs in language classroom to encourage students' attention, memorisation and participation.Dans le cadre de ma formation en master MEEF Anglais, je propose ce projet de recherche qui présente la place de la musique et de la chanson dans l’apprentissage d’une langue étrangère (qui est, dans ce cas, l’anglais). L’objectif de ce projet est d’explorer comment l’ utilisation de la musique et du chant dans mes méthodes d’enseignement favorise la mémorisation et la motivation chez les élèves. J’ai mis en place une étude expérimentale qui m’a permis d’expérimenter mes hypothèses sur le sujet. Pour ce faire, j’ai observé deux classes de 6ème sur mon lieu de stage de deuxième année de master, et j’ai mis en place une classe test ainsi qu’une classe témoin, de sorte à pouvoir comparer les résultats obtenus. Les hypothèses de cette études ont été validées, et la dynamique de classe semble avoir évoluée. Cette étude suggère l’utilisation des outils musicaux ou de la chanson en classe de langues pour favoriser l’attention, la mémorisation et l’implication des élèves