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Metaphraseography and phraseographic design: A learning dictionary of French-Chinese idioms
No full textInternational audiencePhraseological units (PUs) are rich with implicit carriers of cultural idiosyncrasies, societal states, collective perspectives, historicity, and conventionality (González-Rey 2002). Learning PUs should be part of a long-term process in the teaching of language and culture in a foreign language context (González-Rey 2007; Sułkowska 2016; Chen 2021).Bilingual dictionaries are “the foundation of all language pedagogy” (Taifi 2021: 28). A good dictionary for learning foreign language (FL) phraseological units (PUs) meets learners' need to independently acquire this culturally rich part of the lexicon. In the context of didactic lexicology, “the phraseological dictionary claims its place of honor as the tool of choice in teaching-learning methods of fixed expressions” (Wotjak 2005).1Thus, we aim to design a learning dictionary to improve phraseology in a foreign language, specifically French-Chinese idiomatic expressions. This reflection is based on a metaphrastic approach. (Murano 2011; Chen 2022a).The macrostructure is based on thematic classification (e.g., human body, animals) on one hand, and on the degree of intralingua “fixed” and interlingual comparative methods on the other. The microstructure will be detailed, including etymology, figurative meaning, the source of the phraseological unit (PU), its pragmatic use, and phraseology from French to Chinese (Chen 2022b)
Localized transmission of an aquatic pathogen drives hidden epidemics and population collapse in a terrestrial host
No full textInternational audienceUnderstanding fine-scale spatial variation in infection risk is central to epidemiology, disease ecology and conservation, yet its causes and consequences remain poorly understood. Here we investigate the dynamics of infection with the aquatic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) in several populations of the fully terrestrial Darwin’s frog ( Rhinoderma darwinii ) across southern Chile. Using high-resolution spatial capture–recapture data, long-term demographic monitoring and a spatial individual-based model parameterized with empirical estimates, we show that Bd infection in this system exhibits pronounced spatial heterogeneity at scales of only metres. This fine-scale clustering arises from localized transmission of an aquatic pathogen in a terrestrial system, driven by spatial proximity between infected and susceptible individuals. Such transmission generates clustered epidemics and can drive rapid subpopulation collapse in this species, with declines of up to 98% within a year. These epidemics can remain undetected at the broader population level because of spatial decoupling of infection among subpopulations. Our findings provide evidence of epidemic dynamics in a terrestrial Bd host and underscore a broader principle: observational scale fundamentally shapes our ability to detect and interpret infection dynamics in spatially structured populations
Vers une évaluation hyper-moderne des politiques publiques
No full textNational audienceDepuis son origine en contexte public, l’évaluation des politiques a connu différentes formes. D’abord, une évaluation qualifiée d’« administrative », inscrite dans une logique hiérarchique et centrée sur la conformité procédurale. Ensuite, une évaluation « managériale » portée par les principes du New Public Management (NPM), valorisant la performance, la responsabilisation individuelleet l’usage d’indicateurs quantitatifs. Enfin, une évaluation plus « collaborative et ouverte », intégrant la réflexivité, la participation et la prise en compte du contexte social et territorial de l’action publique, en intégrant des approches post-NPM, plus récentes. Pourtant, malgré ces évolutions, l’évaluation des politiques publiques est actuellement critiquée, que cela soit sur le plan conceptuel ou sur celui plus pratique. Une évaluation renouvelée semble alors nécessaire !
APROPIACIÓN DE UNAS HERRAMIENTAS NUMÉRICAS PARA DISEÑAR CLASES DIGITALIZADAS: LAS HUMANIDADES DIGITALES AL SERVICIO DE LA ENSEÑANZA DEL ESPAÑOL/LENGUA EXTRANJERA
No full textInternational audienceIn a constantly evolving educational context, the digitisation of the classroom has become a necessity to streamline teaching and enhance the learning experience. This conference aims to explore how digital tools can be integrated into the teaching of Spanish as a foreign language. Through a historical overview of the evolution of digital education, the benefits of digitalisation in the classroom will be analysed and four key tools for the creation of interactive activities will be presented. In addition, the use of Wordwall will be demonstrated and the potential of artificial intelligence in teaching and assessing learning will be explored. This session is designed for teachers looking to innovate their pedagogical practices through the use of accessible and effective technologies.En un contexto educativo en constante evolución, la digitalización de las clases se ha convertido en una necesidad para dinamizar la enseñanza y mejorar la experiencia de aprendizaje. Esta conferencia magistral tiene como objetivo explorar cómo las herramientas digitales pueden integrarse en la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera. A través de un recorrido histórico sobre la evolución de la educación digital, se analizarán los beneficios de la digitalización en el aula y se presentarán cuatro herramientas clave para la creación de actividades interactivas. Además, se demostrará el uso de Wordwall y se explorará el potencial de la inteligencia artificial en la enseñanza y evaluación del aprendizaje. Esta sesión está diseñada para docentes que buscan innovar en sus prácticas pedagógicas mediante el uso de tecnologías accesibles y eficaces
Universités : « Un contrôle gestion encore fragmenté, mais plus stratégique » (M. Bollecker, UHA)
No full textNews Tank Higher Education & Research« Dans les universités, nous avons souvent constaté un contrôle de gestion fragmenté : on constate une forte implantation au niveau des directions, mais aussi des bribes de contrôle de gestion et d’outils dans les composantes et parfois dans les laboratoires, mais souvent sans relations entre les deux niveaux », indique Marc Bollecker, professeur en science de gestion à l’Université de Haute-Alsace, dans un entretien avec notre chroniqueur Romain Pierronnet.Marc Bollecker a coordonné, avec Angèle Renaud (Crego, Université de Bourgogne), l’ouvrage “Repenser le management des organisations publiques sous le prisme du contrôle de gestion” paru en 2023 aux éditions Vuibert.Interrogé par Romain Pierronnet, dans le cadre d’une série d’entretiens consacrés au management public, Marc Bollecker constate que « dans les directions des universités, le contrôle de gestion est surtout déployé dans les directions d’aide au pilotage ou dans les directions financières, avec comme enjeu d’alimenter le reporting pour les financeurs et notamment pour l’État ».« Le contrôle de gestion universitaire tend à devenir de plus en plus stratégique afin d’anticiper l’évolution des dépenses salariales, mais n’en demeure pas moins encore très fragmenté dans la plupart des cas », dit Marc Bollecker, qui dirige le master contrôle de gestion et audit organisationnel de l’UHA
Online Shopping and Mobility: Exploring the Determinants of Final Delivery Solutions by French Households
No full textInternational audienceHouseholds are more and more buying online and using various delivery solutions, between home deliveries and out-of-home collecting points (pick-up point or food drive). Based on a questionnaire survey of 593 households in France, our article aims to better understand the determinants of online shopping practices, considering the nature of the goods purchased (food or non-food) as well as the collection methods chosen. Our paper aims at refine the innovation and efficiency hypothesis of the geographical distribution of online shopping uses and mobilities. Beyond the usual socio-demographic determinants, it appears that geographical location doesn't impact the intensity of online purchases but the choice of a particular delivery method. In fact, the choice of home delivery is more likely to be made by households that live or consider living in less densely populated areas with fewer shops. Conversely, the choice of a relay point is more likely to be made by households living in towns and cities or in areas they consider to be well equipped. Thus, in dense areas, the online purchase of material goods would generate logistical trips for households, whereas in less dense areas, households would more easily delegate these same trips to a logistics provider
Degradation root cause analysis of PEM fuel cells using distribution of relaxation times
No full textInternational audienceProton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells use hydrogen as fuel and produce only water and heat as byproducts. This makes them a promising technology for the worldwide energy transition. However, durability and efficiency remain two main obstacles to their widespread commercialization. Degradation of fuel cells is thus a key focus in recent studies. The majority of existing works use voltage or power as the global health indicator for evaluating the degradation of a running fuel cell. The use of global health indicators is limited in distinguishing the contributions of individual physicochemical degradation processes to the overall performance degradation. This work proposes to investigate the degradation root cause of PEM fuel cells using the distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis. DRT is a model-free approach that can separate the overlapped polarization processes by transforming the frequency-domain impedance data into distribution of time constants. Datasets from two long-term durability tests are used to calculate the DRT and identify the degradation root causes. Four distinct peaks are identified from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy spectra, which correspond to the mass transport, charge transfer of the oxygen reduction reaction, proton transfer, and interface contact. The results show that the degradation of the fuel cell stacks is mainly caused by the degradation of the cathode catalyst layer and the gas diffusion layer. Specifically, these two processes account for 91.2% and 90.4% of the overall degradation in FC1 and FC2, respectively. Moreover, it is found that the mass transport resistance contributes a larger percentage under the dynamic current load (38.2%) compared to the constant load (23.1). Thus, the oxygen diffusion process needs to be enhanced by proper operating strategy or improving the design of the cathode catalyst layer and gas diffusion layer for dynamic load applications.The proposed method provides a new perspective for the degradation analysis and prognostics of fuel cells, which can be further used for the development of efficient control and management strategies to ensure enhanced durability of fuel cells
Lead legacy of pre-industrial activities in lake sediments: The case study of the Lake Accesa (Southern Tuscany, Italy)
No full textInternational audienceIn recent decades, interest has grown in understanding how pre-industrial activities have contributed to trace metals pollution into the environment at the local and regional scales. Southern Tuscany hosts some of the most important metallogenic provinces in Italy exploited for almost the last three millennia. Studying the history of trace metals pollution in this area offers insights into the temporal and spatial scope of human-environment interactions, evaluates the severity of pollution, and can trace the local natural background values. To explore these aspects, trace metals, major elements, and lead (Pb) isotope ratios were analyzed in an 8000-year sediment records from Lake Accesa, a karst lake located on the southern border of the Colline Metallifere mining district. The findings indicate that Pb in Lake Accesa is mainly related to sulfide polymetallic deposits that surround the lake catchment. The first signal of Pb pollution dates to about 3300 BCE (Before Common Era) during the Copper Age and it is consistent with the archaeological evidence of Southern Tuscany. Additional human-induced Pb pollution signals can be observed in the Bronze Age (∼1550 BCE), and a long phase beginning in the Middle Ages (from ∼700 CE[Common Era]). Between 1000 and 1700 CE, Pb reached the highest concentrations, corroborating the intensity of mining activity during and after the Medieval period. These findings reveal that pre-industrial activities left a significant legacy of potential toxic elements in the environment, resulting in pollution levels that exceed those related to recent activities associated with the Anthropocene. The Lake Accesa record further indicates that mining of sulfide deposits in the Etruscan period was minimal and even completely negligible during Roman times, probably due to the exploitation of other ore deposits
Long‐term bowel function following delayed coloanal anastomosis: Analysis of a multicentric cohort study (GRECCAR)
No full textInternational audienceAim Alteration of bowel function after delayed coloanal anastomosis (DCAA) might be a limitation to its utilization. Our aim was to assess the long‐term bowel function of DCAA in a large multicentric cohort. Method All patients who underwent DCAA interventions at 29 GRECCAR‐affiliated hospitals between 2010 and 2021 were retrospectively included. Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) score or confection of a stoma due to poor bowel function was assessed in eligible patients. Good bowel function was defined by the preservation of bowel continuity with no LARS or a minor LARS. Results Among the 385 eligible patients to assess long‐term bowel continuity, 63% ( n = 243) responded to the questionnaire or had a definitive stoma because of poor bowel function. After a median follow‐up of 32 months, good bowel function was reported by 60% ( n = 146) of patients (with no LARS 36% and minor LARS 24%), whereas 40% of patients ( n = 146) had a poor bowel function including major LARS (36%) and definitive stoma due to poor bowel function (4%). No variables tested were predictive of a poor bowel function after DCAA, including a history of pelvic radiotherapy ( P = 0.722), salvage DCAA after failure of a previous anastomosis ( P = 0.755), presence of a diverting stoma ( P = 0.556), occurrence of an anastomotic leakage ( P = 0.416) and time interval from the DCAA to the bowel function assessment ( P = 0.350). Conclusions No LARS or minor LARS was reached for 60% of patients after DCAA. Less than 5% of patients received a definitive stoma due to a poor bowel function