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Having a child outside a cohabiting union: A common situation in Overseas France
No full textLone-parent families are twice as common in the overseas departments and regions of France (départements et régions d’outre-mer, DROMs) as in metropolitan France. They often arise due to the birth of a child outside of a cohabiting partnership. More than a third of women in the DROMs born between 1941 and 1980 had their first child when they were not living with a partner. These births took place at earlier ages and were more common among less educated mothers and those from deprived backgrounds. They were often followed by other births outside of a cohabiting partnership
LGBTQ+ individuals and family relationships through a life course perspective
No full textSociohistorical changes in recent decades have fundamentally altered the possibilities for LGBTQ+ family life—that is, for LGBTQ+ adults to form partnerships and enter parenthood. Through its emphasis on the role of sociohistorical change to shape individual lives and create cohorts of shared experience, life course theory (LCT) offers a distinct perspective for understanding generations of LGBTQ+ individuals and their families. In this article, we first acknowledge generational sociohistorical change that has shaped sexual and gender diversity in relationships and family life and highlight the role of LCT to illuminate LGBTQ+ families across generations. We then consider concepts from the life course perspective that are particularly relevant for understanding generational changes for LGBTQ+ identities and families: the turning point of coming out and linked lives. These constructs offer a framework for analyzing generational changes in the way LGBTQ+ adults experience partnerships, parenting, and aging over the life course. We conclude by discussing future directions for incorporating the life course theoretical framework into research on LGBTQ+ families
The Association Between Women's Perception of Birth During the Pandemic, Companion of Choice and Support From Health Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study in 20 Countries in the WHO European Region
No full textBACKGROUND: Mitigation measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic led to significant changes in maternity care across Europe, including restrictions on companions during labor and birth. This cross-sectional study explores the association between the presence of a companion of choice and a positive perception of the birth experience. Additionally, it explores the association between health professionals' attention, assistance, and availability during labor and birth and a positive perception of birth.
METHODS: We utilized a structured, validated online questionnaire, available in 25 languages, to assess the quality of maternal care during the COVID-19 pandemic from women's perspectives. We conducted logistic regression to explore associations between variables related to the presence of a companion of choice, health professionals' attention, assistance, and availability, and positive perceptions of birth, when controlled for confounders, including birth mode and medical interventions.
RESULTS: Responses from 48,039 women across 20 countries in the WHO European Region were included. Always having a companion of choice during birth (aOR: 2.11) and always receiving adequate care from health professionals (assistance aOR: 2.12, attention aOR: 36.64, availability aOR: 2.12) were associated with positive birth perception. Instrumental births (aOR: 0.76), episiotomies (aOR: 0.74), fundal pressure (aOR: 0.52), and cesarean births (planned aOR: 0.80, unplanned prelabor aOR: 0.60, unplanned in-labor aOR: 0.52) were associated with less positive birth perceptions.
DISCUSSION: This study highlights the critical role of having a chosen companion and receiving adequate attention, assistance, and availability from health professionals in promoting positive birth perceptions, even in times of crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Ensuring the presence of a companion of choice and comprehensive professional support is crucial for delivering high-quality, respectful maternity care
Masculinités dominantes en tension : rapports aux normes des hommes qui déclarent des violences sexuelles
No full textMeasuring social inequalities in self-reported miscarriage experiences in the United Kingdom
No full textAn estimated one in four pregnancies end in a miscarriage. Miscarriage may affect fertility intentions and worsen mental and physical health. Yet, we know little about how social inequalities affect the risk of experiencing miscarriage, and the few existing studies show mixed results. A social gradient in the risk of miscarriage may be related to societal structures shaping risk factors, such as stress, health behaviours, and age at pregnancy. We use the British Cohort Study (1970) to investigate whether individuals’ socioeconomic characteristics are associated with their likelihood of self-reporting a miscarriage over the reproductive life course. We apply a multi-level discrete-time event-history model to examine this likelihood according to occupational social class, income, and education. Our results are affected by the sub-population studied: among all women, those socioeconomically more disadvantaged have a higher risk of miscarriage at younger ages, but the direction of the association reverses towards the end of the reproductive life span. These differences disappear when analysing only those who self-reported a pregnancy. Methodological work tackling misreporting of miscarriage and other pregnancy outcomes is needed for more reliable estimates. A better understanding of this common reproductive event can help policy makers improve reproductive and population health
Is the French population on a path to decline?
No full textThe population of France grew by 0.25% in 2024. Nine-tenths of this increase is attributable to net migration and one-tenth to natural increase, which has fallen in response to a decline in births and an increase in deaths. Assuming that fertility and net migration remain stable at 2024 levels and that life expectancy continues to increase slowly, the 2024 projection shows that natural increase will become negative in 2027 but that the population will continue to grow for 2 decades
Reassessing socioeconomic inequalities in mortality via distributional similarities
No full textCommonly used measures of socioeconomic inequalities in mortality, such as the slope and the relative index of inequality, are based on summary measures of the group-specific age-at-death distributions (e.g. standardized mortality rate or life expectancy). While this approach is informative, it ignores valuable information contained in the group-specific distributions. A recent approach applied a measure of distributional dissimilarity (the non-overlap index) to measure lifespan stratification. In this paper, we rigorously evaluate and further implement the multi-group extension of the non-overlap index (Sp) to measure socioeconomic inequalities in mortality across a number of groups, and assess whether differences across countries and over time are driven by mortality or compositional changes in two applications with different data availability: educational groups (Sweden and Denmark) and groups defined by an area-level deprivation measure (England). Our findings suggest that the multi-group Sp is sensitive not only to changes in the means or variances, but also to broader mortality changes that affect distributional shapes. The method can be employed to any context where mortality rates by age are available by sub-groups. Furthermore, levels and trends in mortality inequalities computed with the multigroup Sp often differ compared to other conventional summary-based measures. Moreover, we find that the contribution of mortality changes to changes in inequalities is generally greater than that of the changes in the population composition. Whereas levels and trends of inequalities may depend on whether life expectancy- or lifespan variation-based measures are employed, the multi-group Sp provides a holistic perspective by capturing both dimensions simultaneously
Don d’engendrement en France : la proposition d’un nouveau modèle
No full textCette tribune libre propose de réfléchir à une réforme en profondeur du modèle bioéthique des dons de gamètes et d'embryons pour évoluer vers une notion plus englobante, le don d'engendrement (DDE), ayant pour axe directeur les libertés individuelles et la justice reproductive pour tou·tes. Il y est proposé un modèle de don qui soit libre, volontaire et indemnisé pour la personne qui donne ; non anonyme à l’interface ; inclusif et sans délai à l’égard des personnes en projet de parentalité ; transparent, avec un accès aux origines universel pour les personnes nées du don. La prochaine révision de la Loi de bioéthique pourrait être l’occasion de s’emparer de ce sujet et de prendre en compte, par les modifications législatives et réglementaires nécessaires, les aspirations légitimes en vue d’un nouveau modèle du DDE
Altruism, cooperativeness and academic achievement: a lab in the field experiment in French middle schools
No full textIn this exploratory study, we investigate how altruism and cooperativeness are related to educational achievement. We run a lab in the field experiment with pupils from Middle Schools in Brittany, France, to study whether altruism and cooperativeness are correlated with educational success. Contrary to expectation, we find no significant relationship between cooperativeness and educational performance. In contrast, altruism is negatively related to academic achievement, but this relationship is gender-driven, as it is only significant for boys