L'archive ouverte de L'Ined
Not a member yet
9998 research outputs found
Sort by
39 Ethno-racial inequality in mental health: heterogeneity in the prevalence of anxiety in France
No full textTheories of social stratification consider that individuals in more disadvantaged social positions are more exposed to risk factors that lead to worse mental health, including higher levels of anxiety. As such, disadvantaged groups across multiple domains of social position including gender, race and class, would be at higher risk. This study aims to shed light on mental health inequality across ethno-racial groups in France. We use recent data from the 2020 French EpiCov study and logistic regression to explore heterogeneity in anxiety levels by migration status among women living in France. We tested several interactions and calculated marginal effects. Analyses showed that most first- and second-generation immigrant women exhibit significantly higher levels of anxiety relative to the majority population. Socioeconomic factors partly explained this health disadvantaged, particularly for second generation racialized women. Surprisingly, first-generation racialized women did not differ in anxiety levels from the majority population, while women from French overseas departments (FOD) exhibited a mental health advantage. Analyses using interaction marginal effects revealed that socioeconomic factors differently modified anxiety levels across migration status groups. For instance, first-generation non-racialized immigrant women in a decent financial situation exhibited significantly higher anxiety than their counterparts in the majority population, retirement did not translate into lower anxiety for second-generation non-racialized or first-generation racialized women compared with the French majority. By contrast, FOD women seem to be shielded from the negative effect of unemployment on anxiety.We conclude that while ethno-racial position is associated with anxiety in the French EpiCov study, these effects may be modified by socioeconomic factors
Grandparental Co‐residence, Grandchildren's Nutrition, and the Role of Demographic and Health Regimes
No full textIn many modern populations, grandparents are increasingly becoming the primary caregivers of their grandchildren. This phenomenon has renewed interest in the role that grandparents play in within‐family intergenerational transfers. However, few studies investigate variation in these patterns across populations experiencing different demographic and epidemiological regimes. We use Demographic and Health Survey data from 29 African countries and multilevel logistic regression models to assess the relationship between grandparental co‐residence and grandchildren's stunting. While our results confirm existing findings that co‐residence with grandmothers is associated with reduced grandchildren's stunting, unlike co‐residence with grandfathers, we observe substantial cross‐country heterogeneity. This is partly accounted for by contrasts between pre‐ and post‐transitional demographic regimes and, importantly, by differences in epidemiological regimes. Specifically, the beneficial role of grandparental co‐residence diminishes in older populations with higher life expectancy and outright disappears in populations with higher levels of chronic illness and disease. Micro‐level analysis of mechanisms reflecting population‐level demographic and epidemiological regimes, such as higher grandparental age, chronic conditions, and physical and cognitive abilities, confirms our population‐level findings. The implication is that net flows of support from grandparents to grandchildren diminish as societies undergo demographic and epidemiological transitions, weakening the positive association between grandparental co‐residence and grandchildren's health and development
Residential Relocations and Housing Changes Among Immigrants and Their Descendants: An Analysis of Longitudinal Register Data From France
No full textThis paper investigates residential mobility and housing changes among immigrants, their descendants, and the native population, alongside the association between family and household characteristics and residential mobility. We apply discrete‐time event history analysis to rich French administrative panel data covering the period 2012–2019. The results show distinct patterns of residential moves among migrant groups and generations. Immigrants from North Africa and Sub‐Saharan Africa are less likely to move to homeownership and more likely to move to social renting compared to the native French population. By contrast, immigrants from Southeast Asia, Turkey, and Europe have a similar likelihood of moving to homeownership as the native population. We find little differences in the probability of moving to homeownership across migrant generations; however, the second generation appears less residentially mobile than the immigrant generation. The descendants of immigrants from North Africa and Sub‐Saharan Africa are the least likely to move to homeownership and the most likely to move to social renting. This suggests that either structural barriers or cultural norms shape the mobility patterns of immigrants and their descendants in the same way. Finally, we observe similarities in the association between household characteristics and residential mobility for migrants, their descendants, and the native population. This suggests that life course events play a similar role in residential mobility across all population groups. For migrants and their descendants, those with low socioeconomic resources move less, suggesting that a lack of resources is a determinant of low mobility
Marion Maudet. 2024. Au commencement était le couple. Sexualité, amour et religion chez les jeunes. PUF. 272 pages.
No full textHealth and Development of Children Born Moderate and Late Preterm and Early Term at Age 10 in French Birth Cohorts ELFE and EPIPAGE 2
No full textBackground - Lower gestational age (GA) is linked to higher mortality and morbidity. Long-term health and developmental difficulties of individuals born moderate (MPT, 32–33 GA) and late (LPT, 34–36 GA) preterm, and early term (ET, 37–38 GA) are less explored than those of their very preterm peers.
Objectives - To test how being born MPT, LPT, or ET affects health and development at age 10, compared to full-term (FT, 39–40 GA) births.
Methods - Data from two ongoing French nationwide birth cohorts, initiated in 2011, were collected at 10 years via telephone interview (n = 8372) and home visit (n = 6418). Weighting procedures accounted for study design, non-inclusion, and participation. Outcome-wide regressions (modified Poisson, linear), adjusted for socioeconomic situation and pregnancy complications, were used to calculate adjusted relative risks (aRR) and beta-coefficients (β).
Results - No increased risk of asthma/atopy was observed for our MPT, LPT, and ET populations, except for allergic rhinitis in MPT. Strabismus was more prevalent among MPT, LPT, and ET (2.3%–3.0%) than FT (1.3%), corresponding to aRR of 1.99 (95% CI 0.91, 4.39), 1.67 (95% CI 0.85, 3.28), and 2.18 (95% CI 1.37, 3.47), respectively. MPT and LPT had increased risk of balance problems, with aRR of 1.63 (95% CI 0.81, 3.32) and 1.80 (95% CI 1.14, 2.82), respectively. MPT scored on average lower on the WISC-V full-scale IQ Matrix β = −0.6 (95% CI −1.17, −0.11) and performance IQ Puzzle β = −0.7 (95% CI −1.23, −0.26) subtests, compared to FT, and had an increased risk of dental malposition, aRR = 1.42 (95% CI 1.15, 1.75).
Conclusions - While most outcomes (respiratory, anthropometry, cardiometabolic) did not differ between MPT, LPT, ET, and their FT peers, others, including strabismus, were more prevalent among preterm and ET. Some outcomes were specific to MPT, including lower WISC-V average scores and dental issues
Sleep and Trajectories of Respiratory and Allergic Symptoms Between 1 and 5.5 Years of Age in the Elfe Birth Cohort
No full textSleep troubles and respiratory and allergic health issues are associated in children, but the timeline of their association is overlooked. This study investigates the associations between sleep patterns at age 1 and respiratory and allergic multi‐trajectories (RespA‐MTG) between ages 1 and 5.5, and the associations between these multi‐trajectories and sleep at age 5.5 in the ELFE birth cohort. Sleep clusters at ages 1 and 5.5 (based on nocturnal and diurnal sleep duration, sleep onset difficulties, and night awakenings) and RespA‐MTG between ages 1 and 5.5 (based on wheezing, asthma medication, eczema, allergic conjunctivitis) were identified using data‐driven methods. Associations between sleep clusters and RespA‐MTG were assessed using multinomial regressions adjusted for confounders in 9577 children. Two sleep clusters were identified at ages 1 and 5.5: good sleepers (79.9% at age 1, 83.1% at 5.5) and poor sleepers (20.1% and 16.9%, respectively). Four RespA‐MTG were identified: pauci‐symptomatic (44.4%), persistent non‐respiratory allergic symptoms (23.1%), transient early respiratory symptoms (25.2%), and persistent respiratory and allergic symptoms (7.3%). Poor sleep at age 1 was associated with higher odds of transient early respiratory symptoms (Odds Ratio [95% Confidence Interval], 1.14 [0.99–1.31]) and persistent respiratory and allergic symptoms (1.29 [1.05–1.59]). Results were reinforced in children without wheezing at 2 months. A borderline association was observed between persistent respiratory and allergic symptoms and sleep at 5.5 in good sleepers at 1 year (1.22 [0.98–1.50]). In conclusion, sleep disturbances at age 1 are associated with later poorer respiratory and allergic health, suggesting early sleep troubles may predict these health concerns
Adult mortality and nutrition in rural Senegal: evidence of an epidemiologic transition
No full textBackground : Global mortality transitions are driven by the epidemiologic transition, resulting in a rise in non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which are partly shaped by the nutrition transition and associated chronic conditions. In low- and middle-income countries, these shifts are often viewed as primarily urban phenomena. Rural populations may therefore be overlooked in efforts to prevent and manage NCDs, despite facing critical public health challenges.
Objective : This study examines changing patterns of adult mortality and causes of death in rural Senegal to illustrate ongoing mortality, epidemiologic, and nutrition transitions.
Methods : Using data from three rural sites in the Senegalese Health and Demographic Surveillance System, we analysed adult mortality from 1985 to 2020. We calculated all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates among individuals aged 15 to 70 years, based on causes of death determined through verbal autopsy.
Results : Mortality declined across all age groups. Deaths from communicable diseases, maternal conditions, and undernutrition decreased substantially. NCDs have surpassed communicable diseases as the leading cause of death. Causes of death associated with undernutrition have declined, while diet-related NCDs have increased.
Conclusions : Adult mortality is declining in the three rural Senegalese sites studied, due to a decline in epidemics. However, NCDs now pose a major rural health threat, consistent with epidemiologic transition theory. The reversal between mortality patterns associated with undernutrition and diet-related NCDs may signal an ongoing nutrition transition. Strong health systems are crucial for both preventing and treating NCDs, and robust health information systems are needed to support deeper analysis of this issue
L’hétérogénéité des situations de précarités étudiantes. Étude de cas d’une université francilienne à partir du travail de la mission « Précarité et santé étudiante »
No full textÀ partir d’une méthode mixte (enquête par questionnaires puis par entretiens) auprès d’étudiant·es d’une université de première couronne francilienne, dans le cadre d’une mission de lutte contre la précarité, cet article propose une approche typologique des précarités étudiantes. Ces dernières ne se résument pas à la figure, centrale, d’une forte précarité multidimensionnelle, où les étranger·ères sont surreprésenté·es comme les personnes d’origine sociale populaire. En effet, les étudiant·es dont l’émancipation semble bloquée, celleux dont la trajectoire correspond à des décalages socioscolaires, ou celleux qui manquent de soutien à la suite de la décohabitation du logement parental incarnent d’autres facettes des précarités. L’articulation des méthodes et les décalages entre les matériaux quantitatif et qualitatif offrent des pistes d’analyse en mettant en évidence des porosités entre ces figures, soulignant ainsi les dimensions temporelle, subjective et contextuelle des situations de précarité étudiante
Potentials and challenges for sustainable progress in human longevity. Empirical evidence from subnational mortality trends in Europe (1992-2019)
No full textDecreasing gains in life expectancy (e0) observed in several high-income countries before the COVID-19 pandemic raised concerns about the future prospects for human longevity. We aim at (i) assessing the trends of e0 at the sub-national level for 11 countries in Western Europe from 2002 to 2019, (ii) locating hot spots where e0 gains were almost null in recent years, (iii) providing insights about the factors influencing overall e0 improvements by breaking down this analysis by age groups. We leverage an extensive dataset of mortality data sourced from reliable records for 410 European regions. We smooth this dataset using a non-parametric approach to obtain reliable estimates of mortality rates ensuring that our analysis reflects real changes in population health rather than random deviations inherent to small populations. Our results reveal that the average pace of life expectancy gains across European regions rapidly decelerated between 2002 and 2015. However, such a dramatic deceleration took no longer between 2015 and 2019. Nevertheless, this recent positive trend is accompanied by large increases in regional disparities and the number of regions with null e0 gains. These regions are mainly situated in Germany and France
Mortality above age 105. New data, new models
No full textUnderstanding mortality at extreme ages, such as 105 and older, is crucial for testing evolutionary theories on human longevity and aging, and for determining potential biological limits to human lifespan. However, accurately assessing mortality risks for this age group is challenging due to limited data, incomplete records, and unreliable age reporting. To address these issues, the International Database on Longevity provides validated mortality data for individuals aged 105 and older from 13 countries. This extended abstract presents preliminary findings based on updated data from France and outlines plans to compare these results with updated data from England & Wales. We employ both parametric and non-parametric models to refine the characterization of mortality patterns at extreme ages. Our findings indicate that the Gompertz model better describes mortality beyond age 105 compared to the exponential model, showing no evidence of a mortality plateau. Future analyses will investigate sex differences, cohort-specific mortality risks, and emerging time trends, while new non-parametric methods will be used to handle right truncation and fully utilize the dataset