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Learning Connective-based Word Representations for Implicit Discourse Relation Identification
No full textInternational audienceWe introduce a simple semi-supervised approach to improve implicitdiscourse relation identification. This approach harnesses largeamounts of automatically extracted discourse connectives along withtheir arguments to construct new distributional wordrepresentations. Specifically, we represent words in the space ofdiscourse connectives as a way to directly encode their rhetoricalfunction. Experiments on the Penn Discourse Treebank demonstrate theeffectiveness of these task-tailored representations in predictingimplicit discourse relations. Our results indeed show that, despitetheir simplicity, these connective-based representations outperformvarious off-the-shelf word embeddings, and achieve state-of-the-artperformance on this problem
Dynamic Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation of Human Epidermal Keratinocyte Differentiation
No full textInternational audienceHuman skin is maintained by the differentiation and maturation of interfollicular stem and progenitors cells. We used DeepCAGE, genome-wide profiling of histone modifications and retroviral integration analysis, to map transcripts, promoters, enhancers, and super-enhancers (SEs) in prospectively isolated keratinocytes and transit-amplifying progenitors, and retrospectively defined keratinocyte stem cells. We show that >95% of the active promoters are in common and differentially regulated in progenitors and differentiated keratinocytes, while approximately half of the enhancers and SEs are stage specific and account for most of the epigenetic changes occurring during differentiation. Transcription factor (TF) motif identification and correlation with TF binding site maps allowed the identification of TF circuitries acting on enhancers and SEs during differentiation. Overall, our study provides a broad, genome-wide description of chromatin dynamics and differential enhancer and promoter usage during epithelial differentiation, and describes a novel approach to identify active regulatory elements in rare stem cell populations
Conseil juridique et communication scientifique
No full textUne enquête du CNRS nous éclaire sur les usages et besoins des chercheurs en matière de droit de la propriété intellectuelle, notamment en matière de données de la recherche et de libre accès à l’information. Les résultats de l’enquête et les actions envisagées sont présentés dans cet article
Donner à goûter. Les offrandes alimentaires dans la culture chrétienne
No full textInternational audienceC'était à Bucarest, en octobre 2005, où j'étais venu participer à des journées d'étude. Je me promenais dans la ville et, passant devant une petite église qui semblait ancienne, j'y entrai, poussé par la curiosité de qui n'a pas l'habitude du culte orthodoxe et qui sait quelle importance les icônes représentent pour l'étude de la performance des images. Je me rappelle d'une voûte basse, d'une lumière gaie, d'une ambiance paisible comme un après-midi à la campagne. L'église était assez remplie-des femmes âgées, pour l'essentiel. Un office commença. Pour ce qui était du culte des icônes, je ne fus pas déçu ; les petites dames allaient toutes embrasser les icônes de la Vierge et de Jésus, tout en chantant, à l'unisson, et juste, un hymne en roumain à la mélodie duquel je fus sensible. Mais ce fut autre chose qui me surprit véritablement. Chacune avait emporté en effet un gros pain, une miche, qu'elle apportait au prêtre, qui le bénissait, le coupait et en redonnait une part à sa propriétaire, laquelle pouvait alors sortir de l'église avec son pain béni dans les mains. Ici, le pain eucharistique était vraiment du pain-pas comme sa version abstraite et latine, l'hostie. Cette version alimentaire de la communion frappa durablement mon esprit
Socioeconomic Indicators Are Independently Associated with Nutrient Intake in French Adults: A DEDIPAC Study
No full textInternational audienceStudies have suggested differential associations of specific indicators of socioeconomic position (SEP) with nutrient intake and a cumulative effect of these indicators on diet. We investigated the independent association of SEP indicators (education, income, occupation) with nutrient intake and their effect modification. This cross-sectional analysis included 91,900 French adults from the NutriNet-Sante cohort. Nutrient intake was estimated using three 24-h records. We investigated associations between the three SEP factors and nutrient intake using sex-stratified analysis of covariance, adjusted for age and energy intake, and associations between income and nutrient intake stratified by education and occupation. Low educated participants had higher protein and cholesterol intakes and lower fibre, vitamin C and beta-carotene intakes. Low income individuals had higher complex carbohydrate intakes, and lower magnesium, potassium, folate and vitamin C intakes. Intakes of vitamin D and alcohol were lower in low occupation individuals. Higher income was associated with higher intakes of fibre, protein, magnesium, potassium, beta-carotene, and folate among low educated persons only, highlighting effect modification. Lower SEP, particularly low education, was associated with lower intakes of nutrients required for a healthy diet. Each SEP indicator was associated with specific differences in nutrient intake suggesting that they underpin different social processes
Human expert supervised selection of time-frequency intervals in EEG signals for brain–computer interfacing
No full textInternational audienceIn the context of brain–computer interfacing based on motor imagery, we propose a method allowing a human expert to supervise the selection of user-specific time-frequency features computed from EEG signals. Indeed, in the current state of BCI research, there is always at least one expert involved in the first stages of any experimentation. On one hand, such experts really appreciate keeping a certain level of control on the tuning of user-specific parameters. On the other hand, we will show that their knowledge is extremely valuable for selecting a sparse set of significant time-frequency features. The expert selects these features through a visual analysis of curves highlighting differences between electroencephalographic activities recorded during the execution of various motor imagery tasks. We compare our method to the basic common spatial patterns approach and to two fully-automatic feature extraction methods, using dataset 2A of BCI competition IV. Our method (mean accuracy m = 83.71 ± 14.6 std) outperforms the best competing method (m = 79.48 ± 12.41 std) for 6 of the 9 subjects
COCO: Performance Assessment
No full textArXiv e-prints, arXiv:1605.03560We present an any-time performance assessment for benchmarking numerical optimization algorithms in a black-box scenario, applied within the COCO benchmarking platform. The performance assessment is based on runtimes measured in number of objective function evaluations to reach one or several quality indicator target values. We argue that runtime is the only available measure with a generic, meaningful, and quantitative interpretation. We discuss the choice of the target values, runlength-based targets, and the aggregation of results by using simulated restarts, averages, and empirical distribution functions
Instance Migration in Dynamic Software Update
No full textInternational audienceNowadays, there are more and more applications that need to run uninterruptedly. This need requires minimizing the downtime to add new features or fix bugs. Dynamic Software Update (DSU) solutions allow updating applications while they are executing. A common concern in all DSU solutions is the migration of the application's state. This migration should guarantee the coherence of the state between versions by either adding, removing, preserving or transforming state. In an object-oriented environment, this state is represented by instances. In this paper, we analyse the features that a DSU solution should have with the objective to understand the operations a DSU should provide. Our analysis focuses on the migration of instances. Then, we identify the Meta-Object Protocol (MOP) that a programming language should expose to support these operations. We scope our proposal to DSU solutions for class-based programming languages with eager and atomic instance migration. Finally, we validate our proposal with a prototype DSU implemented in the Pharo programming language using the identified operations