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Adaptive Importance Sampling: The past, the present, and the future
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Actuator Fault Compensation in Three Linked 2WD Mobile Robots Using Multiple Dynamic Controllers
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Intervertebral disc and vertebral endplate subchondral changes associated with Modic 1 changes of the lumbar spine: a cross-sectional study
No full textInternational audienceBACKGROUND: Modic 1 changes are usually associated with degenerative disc disease (DDD). We aimed to compare Modic 1 changes with advanced degenerative disc disease (>50%-intervertebral space narrowing [IVSN]) to Modic 1 changes with less advanced lumbar degenerative disc disease (≤50%-IVSN).METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study. The computerized MRI database from a French tertiary care hospital was searched. Patients were included if they were ≥ 18 years old and had a lumbar MRI between January 1, 2006 and January 31, 2008, that showed a Modic 1 signal at a single level. The strength of the magnet was 1.5 T. MRI were reviewed by 2 assessors. Age and gender were recorded. MRI changes involving the intervertebral disc and the vertebral endplate subchondral bone were assessed for Modic 1 signal, intervertebral space narrowing, asymmetrical degenerative disc disease, spondylolisthesis, anterior and posterior intervertebral disc herniation, and anterior and lateral osteophytes. These outcomes were compared between >50%-IVSN Modic 1 and ≤50%-IVSN Modic 1 groups. For bivariate analysis, comparisons involved nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test for quantitative variables and nonparametric Fisher's exact test for qualitative variables. Multivariate analysis was conducted to determine factors independently associated with 50%-IVSN Modic 1 patients, ≤50%-IVSN Modic 1 patients were younger (mean[SD] age 51.5[14.1] vs 58.8[12.6] years, p = 0.019), Modic 1 were more frequent at L5/S1 level (19[61.3%] vs 18[25.7%], p = 0.001), and anterior and lateral osteophytes were less frequent (13[41.9%] vs 55[78.6%], p 50%-IVSN Modic, while >50%-IVSN Modic 1 are rather found in older women at L4/L5 level
Managing an Industrial Software Rearchitecting Project With Source Code Labelling
No full textInternational audienceLegacy software systems are valuable assets for organisations. From time to time, renewing legacy software system architecture becomes necessary in order to offer them a new future. Rearchitecting a complex legacy software system is a difficult task. It involves understanding and aggregating a large set of data (the entire source code, dependencies , etc.). Understanding a software system is a matter of identifying the concepts that are implemented in the source code and organizing these concepts in a shared logical view of the system (e.g. an architectural view). This paper presents the approach used in a real industrial rearchitecting project of a complex legacy software system. We explain how concepts were modelled and mapped to the source code through entities called tags. We show how these tags were used by engineers and what tools were created to help them
Le handicap : nouvelle minorité sexuelle ? : GT01, « Corps, sciences, techniques et sociétés »
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Regosarc: regorafenib versus placebo in doxorubicin-refractory soft-tissue sarcoma-a quality-adjusted time without symptoms of progression or toxicity analysis
No full textInternational audienceBACKGROUND: In a placebo-controlled, randomized phase 2 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01900743), regorafenib improved progression-free survival (PFS) for patients with doxorubicin-pretreated advanced nonadipocytic sarcoma. A quality-adjusted time without symptoms of progression or toxicity (Q-TWiST) post hoc exploratory analysis was applied to provide an integrated measure of its clinical benefit.METHODS: In the base-case analysis, each patient's overall survival (OS) was partitioned into 3 mutually exclusive health states: the time with a grade 3 or 4 adverse event (TOX), the time without symptoms of disease or grade 3 or 4 toxicity from treatment, and the time after tumor progression or relapse. The time spent in each state was weighted with a health-state utility associated with that state and was summed to calculate the Q-TWiST. The stability of the base-case analysis was explored with several sensitivity analyses.RESULTS: In nonadipocytic sarcoma, the PFS was (4.0 months [2.6-5.5 months] with regorafenib vs 1.0 month [0.9-1.8 months] with a placebo; hazard ratio, 0.36 [0.25-0.53]; P < .0001); the OS was 13.4 months (8.6-17.3 months) with regorafenib and 9.0 months (6.8-12.5 months) with a placebo (hazard ratio, 0.67 [0.44-1.02]). With the classic definition of TOX (including all grade 3 and 4 clinical adverse events), the Q-TWiSTs were 8.0 months (7.0-9.0 months) with regorafenib and 5.7 months (4.9-6.4 months) with a placebo (P < .001).CONCLUSIONS: For patients with doxorubicin-pretreated soft-tissue sarcoma, regorafenib significantly improved quality-adjusted survival in comparison with a placebo. Cancer 2017;123:2294-2302. © 2017 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes
Evaluation of non-supervised MALDI mass spectrometry imaging combined with microproteomics for glioma grade III classification
No full textInternational audienceAn integrated diagnosis using molecular features is recommended in the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Our aim was to explore non-targeted molecular classification using MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) associated to microproteomics in order to classify anaplastic glioma by integration of clinical data. We used fresh-frozen tissue sections to perform MALDI MSI of proteins based on their digestion peptides after in-situ trypsin digestion of the tissue sections and matrix deposition by micro-spraying. The generated 70μm spatial resolution image datasets were further processed by individual or global segmentation in order to cluster the tissues according to their molecular protein signature. The clustering gives 3 main distinct groups. Within the tissues the ROIs (regions of interest) defined by these groups were used for microproteomics by micro-extraction of the tryptic peptides after on-tissue enzymatic digestion. More than 2500 proteins including 22 alternative proteins (AltProt) are identified by the Shotgun microproteomics. Statistical analysis on the basis of the label free quantification of the proteins shows a similar classification to the MALDI MSI segmentation into 3 groups. Functional analysis performed on each group reveals sub-networks related to neoplasia for group 1, glioma with inflammation for group 2 and neurogenesis for group 3. This demonstrates the interest on these new non-targeted large molecular data combining both MALDI MSI and microproteomics data, for tumor classification. This analysis provides new insights into grade III glioma organization. This specific information could allow a more accurate classification of the biopsies according to the prognosis and the identification of potential new targeted therapeutic options. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: MALDI Imaging, edited by Dr. Corinna Henkel and Prof. Peter Hoffmann
