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High-Throughput Immunogenetics for Clinical and Research Applications in Immunohematology: Potential and Challenges.
No full textInternational audienceAnalysis and interpretation of Ig and TCR gene rearrangements in the conventional, low-throughput way have their limitations in terms of resolution, coverage, and biases. With the advent of high-throughput, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, a deeper analysis of Ig and/or TCR (IG/TR) gene rearrangements is now within reach, which impacts on all main applications of IG/TR immunogenetic analysis. To bridge the generation gap from low- to high-throughput analysis, the EuroClonality-NGS Consortium has been formed, with the main objectives to develop, standardize, and validate the entire workflow of IG/TR NGS assays for 1) clonality assessment, 2) minimal residual disease detection, and 3) repertoire analysis. This concerns the preanalytical (sample preparation, target choice), analytical (amplification, NGS), and postanalytical (immunoinformatics) phases. Here we critically discuss pitfalls and challenges of IG/TR NGS methodology and its applications in hemato-oncology and immunology
Evolution of pain at 3 months by oral resveratrol in knee osteoarthritis (ARTHROL): protocol for a multicentre randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) pathophysiology is driven in part by joint inflammation. Resveratrol has in vitro anti-inflammatory properties. We aim to assess the efficacy of oral resveratrol for knee pain at 3 months in people with knee OA.Methods and analysis: We will conduct a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Overall, 164 individuals with knee OA fulfilling 1986 American College of Rheumatology criteria will be recruited in three tertiary care centres in France and randomised to receive oral resveratrol, 40 mg (two caplets) two times per day for 1 week, then 20 mg (one caplet) two times per day or a matching placebo for a total of 6 months. Randomisation will be centralised and stratified by centre. The allocation ratio of assignments will be 1:1. The primary outcome will be the mean change from baseline in knee pain on a self-administered 11-point pain Numeric Rating Scale at 3 months. Secondary outcomes will be the mean change in knee pain at 6 months, the function subscore of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index score, patient global assessment, proportion of responders according to the Osteoarthritis Research Society International–Outcome Measures in Rheumatology criteria at 3 and 6 months, and self-reported number of intra-articular injections of corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid and consumption of analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs since the last contact. Other interventions will be allowed and self-reported. Adherence will be monitored by capsule counts and a booklet and adverse events recorded at 3 and 6 months. Statisticians, treating physicians and participants will be blinded to the allocated treatment.Ethics and dissemination: The oral resveratrol in knee osteoarthritis (ARTHROL) trial has been authorised by the AgenceNationale de Sécurité du Médicament et des Produits de Santé and ethics were approved by the Comité deProtection des Personnes Île-de-France III. The findings of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated at conferences. The design of ARTHROL will warrant the translation of its findings into clinical practice
Il peritesto visivo: copertine e altre strategie di presentazione visiva
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Le projet TALIE : diffuser et valoriser le patrimoine en lien avec l’Antiquité gréco-romaine des bibliothèques des Hauts-de-France
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Chronology of the Upper Pleistocene loess sequence of Havrincourt (France) and associated Palaeolithic occupations: a Bayesian approach from pedostratigraphy, OSL, radiocarbon, TL and ESR/U-series data
No full textInternational audienceIn connection with the future Seine-North Europe Canal (Seine-Scheldt), a large-scale rescue archaeological survey was conducted at Havrincourt (northern France) between 2008 and 2011. The discovery of several levels of Palaeolithic flint artefacts embedded in a relatively thick loess sequence (ca 6–7 m) preserved on a gentle slope facing North-East, resulted in a 6000 m2 excavation. This opened the opportunity for a detailed pedosedimentary and interdisciplinary geochronological survey (14C, optically stimulated luminescence, thermoluminescence, ESR/U-series) that has allowed us date the sequence reliably. On the basis of these results we propose this sequence as a new pedostratigraphic and archaeological reference sequence for northern France. We present here the optical dating of the sequence performed on fine (4–11 μm) quartz grains extracted from 17 samples. The luminescence characteristics of these extracts indicate that the single-aliquot regenerative dose optically stimulated luminescence (SAR-OSL) procedure that was applied is well suited. A consistent set of optical ages was obtained for the loess deposited up to around 70 ka ago. Independent age control (pedostratigraphy, 14C, ESR/U-series dates) allowed us to apply a Bayesian approach to build a chronometric model. This in turn enabled a regional chronostratigraphic framework to be built, to constrain the correlations with neighboring regions (northern France and Belgium) and to calculate a precise age for the four Palaeolithic levels discovered, including a unique occupation related to the early Upper Palaeolithic which was previously unknown in the area
Information and Media Education in the French school context : a challenge for school leaders?
No full textInternational audienceThis paper draws on the results of an ongoing research project centered on French secondary education (collèges, high schools) in three school districts (the académies of Paris, Nancy-Metz, and Lille). Our objective is to study current changes in the field of Information and Media Education (IME) in today’s digital world as related to ongoing curricular redesigns. Specifically, our aim is to identify the scope and the contents of IME in order to understand whether or not, in a changing and uncertain context, secondary schools seek to implement a coherent approach to IME, providing pupils with an info-documentary perspective and an interpretative framework for understanding the world. In our study special attention is paid to the role of the different actors involved in this education. In this paper we focus on school leaders and their assistants.The issue of leadership seems, still a peripheral subject in studies related to information and media education. In speaking about universities, Virkus (Virkus, 2015) points out that the focus is more on “how to secure management support within universities rather than how to demonstrate influential leadership in libraries”. However, recent studies highlight the key role played by leaders at various levels in the university and the significance of this role with regard to developing information literacy and building efficient teams.What can we say about IME in the French context? How do school leaders deal with this education? What is their vision of IME and how do they participate in its implementation?In terms of methodology and data gathering, we administered - via academic mailing lists in the three districts under study - a questionnaire composed of 17 closed and open-ended questions. The questions were designed in order to understand actors’ views about integration of IME: perceived importance of IME, pedagogical aims and key issues of IME, modalities of inclusion, supporting devices, collaborations and partnerships, pedagogical content including specific knowledge and progression, and barriers and aids to the implementation of IME.The results are based on 49 responses (36 school leaders and 13 assistants); respondents are largely convinced of the importance of IME. However, school leaders do not seem to fully appreciate or recognize the importance of their role in the implementation of IME
''Le bien-être à l’école : vers une production du bien-être ?'' Responsables scientifiques : Bergugnat L., Dugas E., Malet R., Bordeaux 4/ESPE d’AQUITAINE. Coordinatrice scientifique de la revue et coordinatrice scientifique du projet : Garnier A., (juin 2017). In Revue Recherches & Éducations - N°17 (annonce sur Calenda 30 oct 2015, suivi intégral du projet, coordination, correction, mise en page, introductions éditorialistes des deux Tomes etc.).
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Fusion multi-capteurs tolérante aux fautes pour un suivi de la personne avec un niveau d'intégrité élevé
No full textAbout one third of home-dwelling older people suffer a fall each year. The most painful falls occur when the person is alone and unable to get up, resulting in huge number of elders which are associated with institutionalization and high morbidity-mortality rate.The PAL (Personally Assisted Living) system appears to be one of the solutions of this problem. This ambient intelligence system allows elderly people to live in an intelligent and pro-active environment. It is charged with the supervision and control of the entrusted space, monitoring events and detecting falls, recognizing human activities through a network sensors, and finally providing support through robotic actuators. Such services have the potential of increasing autonomy of elders while minimizing the risks of living alone. Therefore, they have been an active research topic due to the fact that health care industry has a big demand for their products and technology.This thesis describes the ongoing work of in-home elder tracking, activities daily living recognition, and automatic fall detection system using a set of non-intrusive sensors that grants privacy and comfort to the elders. In addition, a fault-tolerant fusion method is proposed using a purely informational formalism: information filter on the one hand, and information theory tools on the other hand. Residues based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence are used. Using an appropriate thresholding, these residues lead to the detection and the exclusion of sensors faults.The proposed algorithms were validated with many different scenarios containing the different activities: walking, sitting, standing, lying down, and falling. The performances of the developed methods showed a sensitivity of more than 94% for the fall detection of persons and more than 92% for the discrimination between the different ADLs (Activities of the daily life).Environ un tiers des personnes âgées vivant à domicile souffrent d'une chute chaque année. Les chutes les plus graves se produisent lorsque la personne est seule et incapable de se lever, ce qui entraîne un grand nombre de personnes âgées admis au service de gériatrique et un taux de mortalité malheureusement élevé.Le système PAL (Personally Assisted Living) apparaît comme une des solutions à ce problème. Ce système d’intelligence ambiante permet aux personnes âgées de vivre dans un environnement intelligent et pro-actif. Il permet la supervision et le contrôle de l'environnement d’évolution, la surveillance des événements et la détection des chutes, tout en reconnaissant les activités humaines grâce à des réseaux de capteurs et en fournissant un support grâce à des actionneurs robotisés. Ces services ont le potentiel d'accroître l'autonomie des personnes âgées tout en minimisant les risques du maintien à domicile.Le travail de cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre du suivi des personnes âgées avec un maintien à domicile, la reconnaissance quotidienne des activités et le système automatique de détection des chutes à l'aide d'un ensemble de capteurs non intrusifs qui accorde l'intimité et le confort aux personnes âgées. En outre, une méthode de fusion tolérante aux fautes est proposée en utilisant un formalisme purement informationnel : filtre informationnel d’une part, et outils de la théorie de l’information d’autre part. Des résidus basés sur la divergence de Kullback-Leibler sont utilisés. Via un seuillage adéquat, ces résidus conduisent à la détection et à l’exclusion des défauts capteurs.Les algorithmes proposés ont été validés avec plusieurs scénarii différents contenant les différentes activités: marcher, s’asseoir, debout, se coucher et tomber. Les performances des méthodes développées ont montré une sensibilité supérieure à 94% pour la détection de chutes de personnes et plus de 92% pour la discrimination entre les différentes ADL (Activités de la vie quotidienne)
Ingénierie logistique et santé
No full textInternational audienceIngénierie logistique et santé ISTE Editions Collection Santé, technologiques et société. (228 pages) ISBN. 978-1-78406-192-0, mai 2017. Avant-propos Le monde académique et industriel a compris récemment qu'il ne suffit plus de gérer son organisation sur la base d'objectifs de performances locaux et avec un mode cloisonné pour trouver la clé du succès, il faut plutôt gérer les organisations de façon transversale en considérant tous les moyens possibles. D'où le terme « logistique » qui désigne l'ensemble des activités ayant pour but la mise en place, au meilleur coût, d'un ensemble de ressources à l'endroit où la demande existe. Aujourd'hui, la logistique dans le domaine de la santé change avec l'évolution démographique, socio-économique et réglementaire à cause notamment des nouvelles organisations et de nouveaux modes d'évaluation. Ainsi, la prise de conscience de l'enjeu majeur que représentent la gestion des systèmes de production de soins et la maîtrise des différents flux hospitaliers est de plus en plus forte. Les acteurs du secteur hospitalier et des filières de soins doivent ainsi maîtriser les problèmes liés aux flux des processus (c'est-à-dire patients, informations, produits, équipements) et à la restructuration qui se traduit en interne par la mutualisation des ressources, les plateaux techniques notamment. Or, les professionnels de santé ne sont ni préparés ni formés pour résoudre de tels problèmes. Il apparaît qu'ils sont démunis en méthodologies et outils d'aide à la décision et de pilotage adaptés aux exigences qu'impliquent leurs modes de fonctionnement futurs. Dans ce cadre, les travaux de recherche et développement (R&D) actuels visent à concevoir et intégrer des méthodes innovantes d'optimisation et de modélisation permettant de fournir une aide à la décision pour la gestion des systèmes logistiques. De tels systèmes sont souvent dynamiques et étendus sur des réseaux à grande échelle et se présentent généralement sous formes d'entités autonomes en interaction. Les solutions proposées dans cet ouvrage apportent des réponses aux problèmes rencontrés dans la gestion des flux logistiques et à l'étude des systèmes incorporant ces flux. Mais face, d'une part à l'accroissement de la complexité de ces flux logistiques, et d'autre part à l'exigence de qualité et de rapidité de décision, il est nécessaire de répondre à ces défis, dans une démarche innovante d'optimisation organisationnelle, économique, technologique et informationnelle permettant de générer et de pérenniser la synergi
Nonconventional Three-Component Hierarchical Host-Guest Assembly Based on Mo-Blue Ring-Shaped Giant Anion, gamma-Cyclodextrin, and Dawson-type Polyoxometalate
No full textInternational audienceIn this communication, we report on a noteworthy hybrid supramolecular assembly built from three functional components hierarchically organized through noncovalent interactions. The one-pot synthesis procedure leads to the formation of large Mo-blue ring-shaped anion {Mo-154}, which contains the supramolecular adduct based on the symmetric encapsulation of the Dawson-type [P2W18O62](6) anion by two gamma-cyclodextrin units. Such a nanoscopic onion-like structure, noted [P2W18O62]@2 gamma-CD@{Mo-154} has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thus demonstrating the capability of the giant inorganic torus to develop relevant supramolecular chemistry, probing the strong affinity of the inner and outer faces of the gamma-CD for the polyoxometalate surfaces. Furthermore, interactions and behavior in solution have been studied by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, which supports specific interactions between gamma-CD and POM units. Finally, the formation of this three-component hybrid assembly from one-pot procedure, in water and using nearly stoichiometric conditions, is discussed in terms of the driving forces orchestrating this highly efficient multilevel recognition process