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The Relationship between Role Ambiguity and Burnout in Malaysia’s Public Healthcare Sector: A Quantitative Study of Medical Doctors
Full text linkMedical doctors in Malaysia’s public healthcare system often face excessive workloads, unclear expectations, and competing responsibilities. These workplace conditions create role stressors, which are strongly linked to burnout. Burnout affects not only doctors’ mental health but also patient care quality. Despite increasing concern, limited empirical research has examined the relationship between role stressors—specifically role ambiguity—and burnout among Malaysian public healthcare doctors. This study addresses the gap through a quantitative approach. A cross-sectional survey design was employed with 471 medical doctors from eight state hospitals across Malaysia, representing various grades and departments. Standardized instruments measured role stressors (Role Stressor Scale) and burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory). Data analysis, conducted using SPSS and PLS-SEM, applied descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression to assess the relationships between variables. The measurement model demonstrated strong convergent and internal reliability (AVE > 0.50, CR > 0.70). Structural model analysis revealed that role ambiguity significantly influenced burnout. Bootstrapping with 5,000 resamples confirmed this effect, yielding a path coefficient of 0.147 and a t-value of 4.207. Findings confirm a clear link between role ambiguity and burnout among Malaysian medical doctors. This highlights the importance of organisational strategies such as providing clearer job descriptions, balancing workloads, and strengthening stress management support. Addressing role-related stressors is critical not only for safeguarding healthcare professionals’ mental well-being but also for maintaining high-quality patient care in Malaysia’s public healthcare sector
Social Entrepreneurship: Bridging the Educational Disconnect and Empowering Youth for Social Change
Full text linkThis study examines the role of social entrepreneurship in bridging the gap between traditional education and the real-world needs of youth worldwide. It examines the relationship between education, youth empowerment, and social change through the lens of social entrepreneurship, connecting it with social movement theory. The study will use quantitative data to explore this important matter of youth entrepreneurship. The paper maintains that equipping young people with entrepreneurial skills and social awareness is key to long-term development and positive societal change
An Analysis of Local Community Perspectives on How Land Registration Frameworks Influence Land Tenure Security and Contribute to Land Grabbing in Kayunga District
Full text linkThis study explores local community perspectives on how land registration frameworks influence land tenure security and contribute to land grabbing in Kayunga District. Guided by Conflict Theory, Property Theory, and Production Theory, the study analyses the interaction between formal land registration processes and customary landholding systems. The findings reveal that although land registration promotes legal recognition and improves access to financial services, it also contributes to land grabbing due to high registration fees, limited institutional accountability, and procedural gaps. Respondents perceived the process as favouring elites while marginalizing customary landowners and smallholder farmers. The study concludes that the current land registration system in Kayunga District, while offering potential for tenure security and economic empowerment, has exacerbated land-related conflicts and socio-economic inequalities due to corruption, procedural barriers, and exclusion of customary tenure systems. The study recommends integrating customary tenure into statutory law, establishing transparent and accountable governance structures, enhancing legal protections against land grabbing, and promoting community participation and legal awareness to ensure equitable and culturally appropriate land administration
A Policy Review of Rural and Township Economies in Local Economic Development in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Full text linkThe South African government has shifted socioeconomic policy paradigms from focusing solely on attracting Foreign Direct Investment to Small and Medium Enterprises’ development since they promise to provide a base for the emergence of dynamic and efficient large-scale firms and, consequently, a more flexible and competitive domestic economy. The newly adopted KwaZulu-Natal Township and Rural Economies Revitalization Strategy (2022) is an application of the popular acclaim that Small and Medium Enterprises are engines of economic development. Therefore, there is a need for policies and strategies geared towards promoting local economic development that corresponds with the socioeconomic climate of host communities. The main objective of this paper was to explore the role of rural and township enterprises in implementing Local Economic Development in KwaZulu-Natal. The study utilised a systematic research approach in which data was gathered from journal articles, conference papers, reports, and all the relevant research material was managed. Findings indicate that Small and Medium Enterprises are a characteristic of successful economies. Despite the theoretical shift in economic policies, poverty, inequality, and unemployment plague South Africa. Rural and township areas are still behind urban areas in terms of structural capacity, technology, and economic development. This study highlights the need for the provincial government to revise policies specific to the host area because issues faced by rural economies are peculiar to township economies
REER, Inflation, Interest Rate and Uganda’s Coffee Exportation
Full text linkThis study examines the effect of the REER (real effective exchange rate) known as the relative currency value, inflation, and interest rate on the exportation of coffee in Uganda. To achieve the study's objectives, the study employed an Auto Regressive Distributive Lag Model using annual data from 1990-2019. It was discovered to have a beneficial effect on coffee export volumes in the long run when the relative currency value appreciates, while short-run appreciation of the effective currency rate has a negative effect that carries over to a three-year period. An increase in the rate of inflation has a positive effect on coffee exports in the two-year short run, but in the longer term, an increase in the inflation rate has a negative effect. An increase in the lending rate has a negative effect on coffee exports in the two-year short term as well as in the first and third year, but in the long run, the effect is positive. The coffee production capacity of Uganda was captured by the estimated model through the incorporation of a variable on the volume of coffee production that was found to have a positive effect in both the short and long run periods. The study observes that the responsiveness of the volume of coffee exports to the responsiveness of IVs is low, an indicator that Ugandan coffee exports are facing inelastic demand on the global market. The study thus recommends that the government seize this golden chance with its hands by making cheap capital available to farmers, processors, and exporters, issuing more export licenses and encouraging more households to produce more coffee
Convergence of Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth in Nigeria
Full text linkThis study investigates the convergence relationship between fiscal policy and economic growth in Nigeria over 38 years. Fiscal policy was captured with public expenditure, revenue, and debt, while economic growth was captured with gross domestic product. The study adopted an expo factor design and a quantitative research approach. Balanced secondary data from 1986 to 2023 were gathered through the National Bureau of Statistics and the Federal Inland Revenue Service. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using trend analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, and OLS regression analysis. The findings reveal that public spending significantly and positively impacts Nigeria’s economic growth. Specifically, a 1% increase in government expenditure results in an 8.62% increase in GDP, with a coefficient of 8.62 and a probability value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). This underscores the autonomous capacity of government spending to drive economic growth. Conversely, tax revenue, while positively related to GDP, has a minimal and statistically insignificant effect on economic growth (coefficient = 2.99, probability = 0.4072, p > 0.05), indicating that a 1% rise in tax revenue corresponds to a 3% increase in GDP. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that public debt exerts a negative but statistically insignificant impact on GDP, with a coefficient of -0.617 and a probability value of 0.6565 (p > 0.05), implying that a 1% rise in public debt leads to a 0.6% decline in GDP. The study concludes that government spending plays a critical role in stimulating economic growth in Nigeria, while the current contributions of tax revenue and public debt remain limited. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, emphasizing the need for effective fiscal strategies that prioritize productive public spending to enhance long-term economic development in Nigeria
A Study on the Awareness of Air Travellers Towards Travel Insurance
Full text linkDiscovering different cultures and experiences is made possible through travel. However, even the best-planned trips can be derailed by unanticipated circumstances. It takes more than simply packing your luggage and making your travel arrangements to ensure a successful journey. Many people fail to consider important factors that offer comfort. The objective of this study is to investigate people's awareness of the existence of risk from aircraft and the importance of travel insurance in protecting themselves from any unexpected event. Additionally, this study aims to explore the factors, such as attitude, knowledge, and promotion, that influence travel insurance awareness. Purposive sampling was used in this study, and 100 online surveys were dispersed around Malaysia. After the survey is completed, the results will be analysed to determine the primary factors influencing this study and whether or not respondents believe that travel insurance is necessary. Any pertinent party may find this research helpful in raising public awareness of the value of travel insurance
Digital Dependency: Examining the Mental Health Effects of Excessive Social Media Use in University Students
Full text linkSocial media has transformed modern communication, particularly among university students. While beneficial in fostering connections and information sharing, excessive use has been linked to mental health concerns. University students, as one of the most active demographics on these platforms, often find themselves exposed to curated content, unrealistic standards, and social comparison, which can negatively influence their emotional well-being. This study examines the relationship between social media use, lifestyle factors, and mental health among Business and Management students at UiTM Puncak Alam. A quantitative survey involving 257 students was conducted to gather data on social media usage habits, lifestyle choices, and mental health indicators. The research explores not only the direct correlation between these factors but also the extent to which lifestyle habits amplify or mitigate the effects of social media use. Findings reveal that while both social media use and lifestyle factors relate to mental health outcomes, lifestyle factors exert a significantly greater influence. Students with healthier routines, including adequate sleep, regular physical activity, and effective stress management, reported better mental health outcomes, regardless of their social media usage levels. These results underscore the importance of promoting balanced lifestyles alongside digital literacy to support student mental well-being
An urban poverty and income inequality: A demographic cross-section analysis of Malaysia states and districts
No full textPoverty has long been a global concern, with one-fifth of the world’s population experiencing multidimensional poverty. The World Bank emphasizes that poverty reduction is a complex issue requiring sustained and prudent strategies. In Malaysia, significant progress has been made since independence, particularly through the National Economic Policy (NEP) implemented between 1971 and 1990. The NEP fostered economic growth and raised household incomes, substantially lowering poverty levels.
Despite these achievements, poverty in Malaysia has evolved into a multidimensional issue, with distinct challenges in rural and urban contexts. Agricultural expansion, including the cultivation of rubber, oil palm, paddy, coconut, and vegetables, was supported by government initiatives through agencies such as FELDA, RISDA, and FELCRA, which provided land and employment opportunities. However, addressing poverty remains difficult due to demographic complexity, ethnic diversity, education gaps, and challenges in data reliability.
The government continues its efforts to reduce inequality and legislate policies targeting poverty alleviation. Yet, the persistence of poverty highlights the insufficiency of current measures to fully eradicate the problem.
This article focuses on urban poverty among middle-income households (M40) and low-income households (B40), examining how they cope with rising living costs in areas such as housing, food, healthcare, education, and essential services. The study seeks to understand why these groups are disproportionately affected and more likely to experience urban poverty despite ongoing government interventions
Humanitarian Aid and Economic Growth: A Panel Data Analysis of ASEAN, China and India
Full text linkThis study investigates the relationship between humanitarian aid and economic growth, guided by economic theory, using panel data analysis. Humanitarian aid, which refers to voluntary and unpaid assistance aimed at improving societal welfare, has gained significant attention from both academics and policymakers. Economic theory offers conceptual frameworks for understanding the driving forces, incentives, and outcomes of human actions, including voluntary efforts. The study employs a panel dataset that includes five ASEAN countries, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines, along with two significant regional players, China and India, spanning from 1991 to 2023. These countries, while not members of ASEAN, are pivotal to the broader Southeast Asian region's economic and humanitarian landscape, which justifies their inclusion in this analysis. The relationship between humanitarian aid and economic growth is examined through the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimation technique. Key findings suggest that humanitarian aid has a positive impact on economic growth, with variations across different countries within the region. The results also highlight areas of agreement and disagreement within the academic research on the intersection of humanitarian efforts and economic development, pointing to opportunities for further exploration. This study enhances understanding of the role of voluntary contributions in economic systems, offering valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers seeking to leverage humanitarian aid to foster societal well-being and economic growth