3127 research outputs found
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The Mechanisms of Corporate Governance and Firm Performance: Evidence from Malaysia’s ACE Market
Full text linkCorporate governance is pivotal for company performance, but Malaysian companies are not necessarily confident in their system. For companies on the ACE Market where the degree of adoption for MCCG is lower, the threat of delisting grows greater. This study, by using firm performances as measured by ROA and Tobin's Q, sought to answer whether there is an association between company return on assets (ROA) and Tobin's with the effect of these corporate governance mechanisms. This study using a sample of 103 listed companies in the ACE Market, our study obtained diversified metrics of governance effect on firm performance through OLS during the regression analysis process. Risk management committees and CEO duality had negative impacts on ROA; but their impacts were minor in relation to Tobbins Q. The size of the board and firm age both had a positive effect on ROA; however, the default rate decreased with frequency of board meetings. Our results are consistent with the relational complexity of governance–performance phenomena underdeveloped. It seems that a one-size-fits-all categorical endorsement may not have any impact. The study provides practical implications to the literature for policy decision makers, managers of firms across countries (especially in emerging economies like India, who want to improve their quality of transparency and accountability) and investors
Exploring Global Warming Impact on the Economy: The Nexus of Global Warming and the Economy in Perspective
Full text linkThis study explores global warming’s impact on the economy, recommending solutions to reduce poverty. Its most important implications are for policy economists who present global warming’s effects as impacting intergenerational equity. Grounded in production theory, the specific emphasis of this study is public-goods investment and agricultural productivity’s dependency on nature. A focus on these two areas is what sets this study apart from similar research. After conducting a meta-study of the relevant qualitative information on these areas, my findings reveal that global warming’s effects are always a trade-off between present and future generations’ consumption of resources. Since the global population increases while resources are limited, historical inequalities are likely to persist if concerted interventions are not widely adopted. I argue that if global warming’s effects are economic problems, the over-exploitation of limited resources needs to be addressed directly and that economic solutions without follow-through cannot fix the problem. Ultimately, the study recommends that reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, despite negative economic outcomes in the short term, will be beneficial over time. As a result, the present generation needs to invest wisely in environmentally sustainable technologies, rather than short-term goods, so that future generations will enjoy the economic benefits of a clean environment. Research confirms that restricting global warming will affect agricultural productivity now, but trillions of dollars will be recuperated by 2300 as a result. The sooner environmentally friendly technologies are adopted by businesses, the better. Although these findings are not novel, they are timely because meta-studies such as this combat disinformation
Does Board Gender Diversity and Independent Drive Affect Corporate Sustainability Performance? Evidence from Malaysia
No full textThe underrepresentation of women on corporate boards remains a global concern. Malaysia has taken steps to address this issue through the Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance (MCCG 2021), which recommends a minimum of 30% female directors on boards. However, as of April 2025, the percentage of women directors in Bursa Malaysia stood at only 28% across all PLCs, indicating a gap between policy recommendations and actual implementation. This study examines the impact of board gender diversity and independence on corporate sustainability performance (CSP), proxied by the total ESG score. Using data from Refinitiv Eikon, the study covers 1,028 firms listed on Bursa Malaysia's main and ACE markets between 2019 and 2024, resulting in 6,168 firm-year observations. After excluding firms with insufficient ESG data, the final sample comprises 936 firm-year observations. A fixed-effects model was employed to analyse the unbalanced panel data. The results reveal that board gender diversity and board independence significantly enhance CSP. Additionally, board independence strengthens the positive relationship between board gender diversity and CSP, demonstrating its moderating effect. Robustness checks confirm that board gender diversity similarly influences both the environmental and social pillars. The findings provide empirical evidence supporting the role of board gender diversity and independence in promoting corporate sustainability. These insights have practical implications for investors and policymakers, emphasising the need to prioritise gender-diverse board compositions as Asian markets increasingly focus on corporate governance reforms
The Importance of Financial Literacy to Non-Finance Managers of Healthcare Institutes in Malaysia
No full textFinancial literacy among non-finance managers is crucial for the operational success and sustainability of healthcare institutes. This research explores the significance of financial literacy for non-finance managers at various hospitals in Klang Valley, emphasizing its impact on informed decision-making and efficient resource management. The study investigates the current financial literacy levels among non-finance managers, identifies gaps and proposes strategies to enhance their financial competencies. Using a comprehensive approach, including situational analysis and empirical data collection, the research aims to demonstrate how improved financial literacy can lead to better financial management, ultimately contributing to the hospital's competitive edge and long-term viability. This study’s data were based on the questionnaires adapted from several previous studies, including Bongomin et al. (2018) and Al-Rahhaleh et al. (2023). The findings suggest that enhancing financial literacy among non-finance managers is essential for achieving financial stability and effective healthcare service delivery, thereby underscoring the need for targeted financial training programs in the healthcare sector
Population Growth, Available Resources and Quality of Life: A Goal Programming Model Approach
No full textThe study examined population growth, available resources, and quality of life using an optimization tool of goal programming. The decision variable of the goal programming analysis was generated from the 4-year average of key variables of interest, namely population growth, available resource proxied by energy consumption, and quality of life proxied by the human development index, ranging from 2000 to 2023. The optimization technique of simplex goal programming analysis was adopted for the analysis. Based on the decision variables obtained from the averages of the relevant variables, the goal programming solutions could not satisfy any of the aspirational targets; hence, the non-optimization of the objective function after substituting the respective deviations into the objective function. The study, therefore, highlights the endemic flashpoint of the Nigerian economy wherein potentials and resource endowment are not sufficiently harnessed, hence the poor quality of life. The study therefore recommends urgent government intervention in the form of broad-based master plan on how to harness our resource endowment, both human and material, for the sole aim of promoting increased and sustainable improvement in the quality of life
The Law of E-Waste: Closing the Loop for Green Digital Technologies and Economic Resilience- A Malaysian Perspective
No full textThe exponential growth of digital technologies globally has led to a parallel surge in electronic waste (e-waste), posing significant environmental and health risks while also representing a potential resource for valuable materials. Malaysia, as a rapidly digitalising nation, faces mounting challenges in managing its e-waste stream effectively. This paper examines the current legal and regulatory landscape governing e-waste in Malaysia, focusing on its adequacy in promoting a circular economy model – closing the loop – for green digital technologies and fostering economic resilience. Through a comparative analysis with established frameworks in the European Union (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment - WEEE Directive) and Japan (Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources), this paper identifies critical gaps in Malaysia’s approach, particularly concerning Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), formal collection systems, and integration of the informal sector. It argues that adopting comprehensive, specific e-waste legislation incorporating mandatory EPR, clear collection and recycling targets, and mechanisms to formalise informal collection is crucial. Such reforms are vital not only for mitigating environmental harm but also for unlocking the economic potential of urban mining and supporting Malaysia’s transition towards a sustainable and resilient digital economy
Influence of Job Demands, Job Control and Social Support on Malaysian Independent Musicians’ Job Stress and Career Change Intentions
No full textThe Job Demand-Control (JDC) and its extended version, the Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS) model, provide a theoretical lens to study how distinct job features impact overall well-being and career longevity. This study investigates the experiences of 385 Malaysian independent musicians’ job stress and career change intentions by concentrating on job demands along with job control and social support’s direct and moderating influences. Adopting a quantitative methodology grounded in a cross-sectional design and non-probability sampling, this study used Smart PLS for the structural model evaluation. Findings indicate that stress-inducing job elements significantly affect musicians’ job stress. The data analysis conducted allowed for the exploration of the impact and interrelationships among the studied variables. The study unveiled significant positive associations between job demand and job stress. However, social support and job control exhibited insignificant relationships with job stress. Only social support, and not job control, was found to moderate the relationship between job demand and job stress. This outcome underscores the buffering role of social support in mitigating the effect of job demand on job stress. This study offers a basis for future theoretical advancements and research on the occupational sustainability of Malaysian independent musicians by empirically validating the extended JDCS model with career change intentions. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how psychosocial factors affect the career sustainability of independent musicians in Malaysia
The Impact of Employees’ AI Acceptance on Productivity in the Construction of Smart Hospitals: The Mediating Role of Collaboration
No full textAgainst the backdrop of China’s smart-hospital initiative, this review examines how frontline employees’ AI acceptance translates into productivity. Synthesizing 31 empirical studies published between 2020 and 2024 across clinical and managerial settings, the evidence is synthesized and organized around four acceptance dimensions—awareness, understanding, trust, and skills—as framed by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), and Person–Environment Fit (PE Fit) theory. Across studies, understanding and trust are most consistently linked with faster decisions and higher service quality; skills underpin effective workflow integration. Crucially, employee-AI–AI collaboration mediates these effects in most samples, converting favorable mind-sets into operational gains via shared diagnosis, decision support, and scheduling optimization. We discuss boundary conditions (leadership, culture, prior experience) and propose an integrated pathway from acceptance to collaboration to productivity. The review provides a conceptual baseline for an upcoming large-scale survey and offers actionable recommendations: prioritize trust-building, formalize collaboration protocols, and invest in continuous AI-skilling to fully realize AI's potential for enhancing productivity in smart hospitals
Sex Trafficking and Emerging Clandestine Sex Working among the Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh: A Sociological Study
No full textThis study explores the deeply rooted issue of sex trafficking and clandestine sex work among Rohingya refugee women in Bangladesh. Taking a 100-sample size and drawing on mixed methods, including structured interviews, in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, and case studies, the study examines the socio-economic and structural vulnerabilities that contribute to the exploitation of Rohingya women. Findings reveal that gender-based violence, dowry practices, poverty, statelessness, and lack of employment are major drivers of trafficking. The research also uncovers the roles of brokers, local complicity, and transnational networks in perpetuating this crisis. With trafficking occurring both within and beyond the refugee camps, and victims often lured through deception, coercion, or fake marriages, the need for urgent intervention is evident. Four interrelated theories (1. Intersectionality Theory, 2. Social Disorganization, 3. Rational Choice Theory, and 4. Demand Theory) have upheld the situations of Rohingya women’s trafficking and clandestine sex work at the Bangladeshi refugee camps. The study recommends a multi-tiered response, including legal reforms, economic empowerment, community surveillance, and international resettlement initiatives to ensure safety, dignity and justice for Rohingya women
Rebuilding The Foundation To Mitigate Moral Decadence in Contemporary Society: An Integration of Ethical Leadership in Parenting (ELIP)
No full textParents are children’s first compass in the journey of life. Moral decadence in contemporary society is alarming even among teenagers, thus demanding a home-based approach to mitigate crimes, and incivility. This explorative study engaged a descriptive design to assess the integration of ethical leadership experienced at home, including parenting climate’s influence on morals and students’ character development. The multistage sampling technique resulted in 292 sample size drawn from Agbado/Oke-Odo, Zone 2, Education District 1, Alimosho, Lagos State. A 26-item questionnaire was used for data collection with content analysis of Ethical Leadership Theory. The findings showed parents often displayed ethical characteristics while the quality of parenting influence on students’ moral development was very good. Similarly, there is a significant relationship between the quality of parenting influence on students’ moral development and the decision-making process engaged by secondary school students. However, 6% respondents reported sexual abuse at home. The study conceptualised five ethical leadership tasks in parenting (ELIP) which demand parents to Model, Teach, Create, Practice and Encourage (MTCPE), to mitigate moral decadence in society. The study recommended that sexually abused students should report to the school authority for professional help. Parents are advised to adopt especially positive discipline to sustain good behaviours in children rather than negative discipline of physical beatings and emotional abuse