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ضمير الفصل: المصطلح والوظيفة نظرة حديثة في ضوء علم الأصوات
Get PDFThe study of grammatical structure in the light of the methods provided by phonology is a requirement worth consideration and scientific accompaniment of linguistic studies. Among these structures covered in this research are the structures of the nominal sentence that employs the pronoun referred to by grammarians as the chapter pronoun. The research is an attempt to obtain a new understanding of the function of this pronoun, distinct from the interpretations given by old-timers, in light of what is known in phonology as intonation or music of speech, which is considered a basic pillar and an important verbal context in expressing meanings in structures and sentence.
الملخص: إنّ دراسة التراكيب النحويّة في ضوء ما يُقدّمه علم الأصوات من وسائل يُعدُّ مطلبًا جديرًا بالنظر والمواكبة العلميّة للدراسات اللسانيّة. ومن هذه التراكيب التي يتناولها هذا البحث تراكيب الجملة الاسميّة التي ورد فيها الضمير الذي سمّاه النحاة ضميرَ الفصل أو ضمير العماد. والبحث محاولة لفهم وظيفة هذا الضمير فهمًا جديدًا مُغايرًا لتفسيرات القدامى، وذلك في ضوء ما يُعرف بالتنغيم أو موسيقى الكلام في علم الأصوات، والذي يُعدُّ ركيزة أساسيّة وقرينة لفظيّة مُهمّة في التعبير عن المعاني في التراكيب والجمل
COMMENTARY ON THE DECISION OF STATE SHURA COUNCIL NUMBER 421/2017-2018 ISSUED ON FEBRUARY 8 FEBRUARY 2018
Get PDFOn February 8, 2018, the State Shura Council issued its decision No. (421 / 2017-2018), in which it annulled the implicit decision of the General Directorate of Public Security abstaining to cancel the decisions issued by the Directorate regarding amending the requirements for entry and residence of Syrian citizens to the Lebanese Republic. The importance of the decision lies in the fact that it came to present one of the established principles in the administrative law arena, that is the responsibility of the administration for its actions is not an absolute responsibility; however, it is limited by restrictions that would take into account the balance between the interest of individuals with regard to the need to respect their rights and freedoms on the one hand and the interest of the administration taking into account the need to respect the proper functioning of public utilities as well as the achieving public good on the other hand. The decision subject of the comment highlighted the aforementioned principle in a new guise that is not burdened with traditional visions and restrictions on privileges and exceptional powers established for the administration
EFFECT OF USING CATHODE-RAY TUBES (CRT) WASTE GLASS ON CONCRETE PROPERTIES
Get PDFCathode-ray tube (CRT) glass is a hazardous material that should be responsibly managed when disposed. One of the possible options for recycling CRT waste glass is using it as fine aggregates in concrete for its richness in silica. For the aim of evaluating concrete with this material, four mixes with replacement levels of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% are prepared. Workability, hardened density, ultra-pulse velocity, compressive strength, tensile strength, and static modulus of elasticity were examined. Experimental results showed that the use of CRT improved properties of concrete at certain replacement levels. CRT glass improved the workability of concrete where mixes with CRT required less water reducer to reach the same slump. Hardened density increased with the increase of the CRT glass. The mechanical properties of the concrete were enhanced at 10% replacement level only. In general, CRT glass proved to be adequate as a replacement for sand in concret
INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN USER\u27S DENSITIES AND FUNCTIONS DISTRIBUTION ON MEDITERRANEAN WATERFRONTS: STATISTICAL ANALYSIS APPROACH
Get PDFThe type of buildings and activities along the waterfronts have to stimulate the interactivity between public spaces and their users to reach the desired comfort, enjoyment and appropriate densities. This study is part of a continuing research and it aims to highlight the spatial relationship between the type of buildings and the densities on cities waterfronts of the Mediterranean Sea. It undertakes three case studies with different economic and touristic levels. It is a top-bottom approach that analyzes the existing population densities on waterfronts and the surrounding building functions. This paper uses quantitative analysis based on spatial statistics along each of the three waterfronts. The data collection is made through documentation, direct observations, mapping, Global Positioning System, and Geographic Information System software. The outcome of this research evaluates the relationship between functions and population densities to record how locations of functions increase population on waterfronts by making them attractive and recommends how waterfront zoning laws will consider specific land uses and techniques
EFFECT OF SEGMENTAL VIBRATION ON HAND AND PINCH GRIP STRENGTHS IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS
Get PDFHandgrip and pinch strengths are important markers in many sports as well as in determining health status. Many interventions have been proposed for increasing hand muscle strength. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of segmental hand vibration on hand and pinch grip strengths. Ninety-two healthy university students were randomly assigned into two equal groups. By the end of the study, Group (A) and (B) consisted of 40 and 37 participants, respectively. The measurements consisted of the hand grip and pinch grip strengths using electronic dynamometer, measured in Kg, before, after three weeks, and after six weeks of training. Group (A) underwent isometric exercise training using hand gripper as follows: 4 seconds maximum grip, release for 2 seconds, repeated for 1 minute for three sets and with 3 minutes rest in between. Group (B) had the same exercise implemented in group (A) with the addition of five minutes of segmental vibration on both upper limb with 30Hz and amplitude of 2mm. The training was done two times per week for six weeks. Results revealed that both groups did demonstrate significant increase in hand and grip strengths after six weeks (p.05). It can be concluded that, segmental upper limb vibration does not have additional effect over isometric muscle training alone on hand grip and pinch grip strengths
THE ROLE OF SIMULATION IN URBAN DESIGN DECISIONS: MICROCLIMATE AND HUMAN COMFORT CONSIDERATIONS IN PLANNING
Get PDFThis paper reviews the usage of simulation tools that can evaluate outdoor thermal comfort and to predict outdoor environmental conditions with specific focus on decision making. The literature also highlights on the use of simulation as a tool in the field of urban design and the microclimatic enhancement approaches. Finally, the paper discusses the moderation of the built environment’s components on the climate with the aim for optimizing the thermal comfort level in outdoor urban space (Setaih K. et al., 2013). The aim of the paper is to highlight on the importance of simulation methods that can influence urban space design and the planning process. In addition to understand how air temperature, relative humidity, air movement, and mean radiant temperature in urban canyons as well as in open public spaces for human thermal comfort on the microscale in a sample of the old historic district south Kom Al Shoqafah by Al Mahmoudiya Canal. In the recent past, rapidly growing urban areas are being observed worldwide. This growth has a direct impact on the microclimate and in turn on human comfort, hence negatively affecting global climate and energy consumption levels. Design decisions such as street (geometry and orientation), sidewalk widths, shading structures, materials, landscaping, building heights and air flow are key factors for pedestrian thermal comfort (Rosheidat, 2008)
INTEGRATING COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN EGYPTIAN ACADEMIC ARCHITECTURE CURRICULA
Get PDFEducational environments must support real life needs, and serve industry demands on both local and worldwide levels. Computer technology can enhance architecture in so many ways. Data Collection, conceptual design, computer aided design, digital model, physical model, virtual reality, simulation, and remote collaboration are different fields that support architecture technically, not to mention the advantages in construction industry. That is why it must be integrated in architecture education, but with care so as not burden creativity. It was found that 75% of the computer modules in architecture departments in Egyptian universities and institutes do not fully integrate with other modules. As an output, two major problems resulted. The first problem is that the design final project comes out either weak or supported by professional paid eligible aid. Secondly, and more important is the need for external software courses to support design projects and not just on the drafting level. Teaching techniques must bear in mind how to integrate modules and courses that aim at enhancing final outputs. As an example is one of the most important courses in the field, which is the computer course taken mostly in early years. Despite the overloaded architecture curricula, because of its multiple identity academia or practice; techniques or aesthetics; science or humanities (Kocaturk, T. and Kiviniemi, A, 2013) how and when to integrate these aspects is crucial. The focus of this paper is to test the importance of integrating computational analysis tools into architecture education (specifically in design). It also aims at emphasizing on the importance of integrating all modules to achieve a qualified output. In order to achieve the fore mentioned goal, a survey on graduates’ educational conditions is first conducted. This is followed by a critical review of some of the existing educational approaches. This paper explores introducing three different computational analysis tools, addressing three different parameters, to evaluate a sample of architecture design projects at a schematic stage. The chosen parameters had a strong impact effect on the design project. Evaluation in a quantitative manner was the third aim of the paper. Quantitative approach was compared to traditional evaluation measures. The focus of this approach indicates a strong necessity to use computer analysis tools during the schematic phase, and recommends suitable building forms and orientations
Metacognitive Self-evaluation Techniques in EFL Classrooms
Get PDFThis study aims to examine whether the use of metacognitive self-assessment helps English as a foreign language (EFL) students to improve their metacognition. The study implemented an intervention technique on 540 students in Grades Four to Nine in a private school in Beirut. Students had to evaluate their performance on English tests in relation to their study skills and preparation. The four EFL teachers included students\u27 study skills self-evaluation statements at the end of the English tests in the first term of 2019-2020 and responded to five questions to evaluate the intervention. Their responses indicated that younger learners were more responsive to the questions than those in the upper grades, and the students who responded were of all performance levels. Moreover, more students responded to the questions with time, and their evaluation of their performane on the tests became more accurate with time. Recommenadations to develop the learners\u27 metacognitive skills were made accordingly
Employee Personality Traits and Reactions to Psychological Contract Breach in the Lebanese Context
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to examine the influence of employee personality traits on the response to a psychological contract breach within the Lebanese context. It specifically examines the influence of various typologies on job satisfaction, trust, loyalty, organizational commitment, and delves deeper into the result of having the psychological contract breached. A total of 30 comprehensive interviews were conducted in order to examine employee reactions to breach of the psychological contract, along with a qualitative analysis of their personality according to the Big Five personality trait model. The findings demonstrate that the concept of a “psychological contract” is not familiar within the Lebanese context. The relationship between one’s personality trait and the response to the psychological contract breach are also new concepts within the Lebanese context. The findings suggest that there is a strong relationship between employee personality traits and the response to the perceived psychological contract breach. For example, findings show that those who consider themselves to be extraverts and the neuroticisms have the most aggressive reaction to the breach of the psychological contract
OCCUPANT SATISFACTION OF INDOOR ENVIRONMENTIN LIGHT OF INTEGRATED GREEN & WELL REQUIREMENTS
Get PDFBuildings are the foundations of modern cities urban planning. People spend about 80-90% of their life in buildings “indoor environment / closed places”. Most successful models in developing countries set the people’s health and wellbeing in the center of focus of their Sustainable Development Planning Process (SDPP). Building architecture and design techniques developed across the time reached to the GREEN and WELL Buildings Architecture to be the cornerstone and key element of human health, accommodating and ensuring a high quality of life and wellbeing for all people at all ages. A thorough Literature review showed a gap between the Rated (LEED Certified) buildings and the occupants\u27 satisfaction. The research aims to address a proposal for a potential improvement of occupant health and wellbeing when simultaneously implementing the indoor performance requirements “rating systems” of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and the (WELL) Building Standard. The research proposal is based on the inferential analysis of the database survey of the Center of Built Environment (CBE) reflecting the individual occupant responses and the rating systems of the LEED and WELL standards. The research concludes that integrating the features of both systems significantly helps to improve the Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ); leading to a better occupants’ health, wellbeing, and productivity