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ARE OPTIMISTS HAPPIER AND MORE SATISFIED WITH THEIR LIFE?هل المتفائلون أكثر سعادة ورضا عن حياتهم؟
Get PDFاستهدفت هذه الدراسة استكشاف العلاقة بين التفاؤل وكل من السعادة، والرضا عن الحياة، فضلاً عن فحص العلاقة بين التشاؤم والسعادة، والرضا عن الحياة. أجابت عينة متاحة (ن = 225) من طلبة جامعة الإسكندرية وطالباتها عن: القائمة العربية للتفاؤل والتشاؤم، ومقياسي التقدير الذاتي لكل من السعادة، والرضا عن الحياة، ولم تكشف النتائج عن فروق دالة إحصائيًا بين الجنسين في كل متغيرات الدراسة، في حين استخرجت ارتباطات دالة إحصائيًا بين التفاؤل وكل من السعادة، والرضا عن الحياة (موجبة)، وبين التشاؤم وكل من السعادة، والرضا عن الحياة (سالبة). وكشف تحليل المكونات الأساسية عن عامل ثنائي القطب لدى الجنسين، سمي: الحياة الطيبة في مقابل التشاؤم . وخلصت هذه الدراسة، إلى أن التفاؤل أحد المتغيرات المهة في الحياة النفسية الطيبة، وهو الموضوع الأساسي في علم النفس الإيجابي
Lebanese Judicial mediation Act 2018
No full textThis research deals with the legislative expansion of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms that take place away from state jurisdiction and its complex procedures. These mechanisms are namely: arbitration, conciliation and mediation. The research focuses mainly on judicial mediation as a way to reduce burden on the court through the separation of civil, commercial and real estate disputes. In this way, judicial mediation will help save time and potential expenses and ensure the continuity of the relationship between the parties, in the community’s best interest. The importance of the critical analytical study is that it considers the provisions of the law issued by the Lebanese legislator in 2018 regarding judicial mediation in light of other national provisions, such as Egyptian, French law, and European and international provisions. The research explores three main ideas: the mediation’s features and its differences with similar concepts, mediation procedures and completion of the mediation process
AN APPROACH FOR SUSTAINABLE AFFORDABLE HOUSESDESIGN IN EGYPT
Get PDFAchieving sustainability is an important factor to be considered in the architectural design process, there is an important need to consider sustainability in affordable houses design. The research problem is the presence of many affordable houses in Egypt without considering the terms of sustainability, and also the increasing the numbers of these projects in Egypt. By studying the current situation of most affordable houses projects in Egypt, a lack of achieving sustainability requirements appear , which led to the need for an approach to meet these requirements in affordable houses design. The research includes a theoretical study of the sustainability requirements when designing new affordable houses, with concerning about achieving the design requirements for users, considering the project cost and applying the requirements of sustainability to be matching with the local environment. The search includes an analytical study of some international case studies that include some of sustainability applications, determining the advantages and the latest international ideas in the field of sustainable affordable houses. The analytical study includes also a local affordable houses project in Cairo in Egypt identifying the most important shortcomings in sustainability achievement in this project. The research aims to propose an approach to achieve sustainability in the affordable houses design and to be applicable to apply to the projects in Cairo, Egypt, where the research concluded a design approach to achieve sustainability of affordable houses projects in Cairo in Egypt considering of the local factors, matching with local environment and international developments
Interfaces Expanding Boundaries of Architectural Design Education withIndustrial Robots
Get PDFThroughout an extensive period of time, advanced mechanical tools such as robotic arms have been a common prospect in many production industries. Today, and as the potentials in digital design and fabrication technologies are seen to enhance complex tridimensional construction processes, robots are rapidly being integrated within the architectural education curriculum. In a relatively short amount of time, many architectural faculties around the globe have set up experimental digital fabrication laboratories with 3D printers, CNC machines, and robotic arms. This paper will argue the use of robots in education beyond the opportunities provided by the already traditional automated modes of fabrication, trying to appreciate design and fabrication methodologies as open interfaces that challenge students with problem-solving, advanced geometry, and programming
تقييم المخطط القومى لتنمية لبنان لتصميم منظومة ادارة موارد البيئة الطبيعية والبيئة المبنية: دراسة تطبيقية للمخطط القومى للبنان والمخطط الاقليمى لبيروتEVALUTION OF NATIONAL PLANNING FOR LEBANON DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS THE DESIGN OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF THE NATURAL ENVIROMENT AND RESOURCES OF BUILT ENVIROMENT: CASE STUDY OF NATIONAL PLANNING OF LEBANON AND REGIONAL PLANNING OF BEIRUT
Get PDFمنظومة التخطيط القومى تعتبر اداة لتنفيذ السياسات الاستراتيجية للدولة فى اطار مؤسسى باستخدام الاليات والتشريعات والقوانين المنظمة لسير العمل فحين ان التخطيط الاقليمى هو تطبيق لاستراتيجية التخطيط القومى بما يتوافق مع امكانيات الاقليم (المساحة – السكان – الموارد البيئية) والتكامل فيما بينهما يدعم نجاحهما و يهدف البحث الى توفير منهج متكامل لإدارة التنمية القومية والإقليمية من خلال ادارة للمخططات القومية الاستراتيجية باستخدام منظومة تشتمل على عناصر التخطيط القومى وذلك بتنسيق مراحله وصياغتها فى صورة خطوات تنفيذية للوصول لمنهج لإدارة التنمية القومية والإقليمية وتكوين منظومة لادارة استغلال الموارد الطبيعية للمخططات القومية الاستراتيجية لاستدامة المخططات الإقليمية التفصيلية وتعتبر لبنان مثال متميز للتطبيق لما لها من مقومات وموارد بيئية للتنمية القومية والاقليمية واستخدام الدراسة لعلاج الخلل الحادث بالمخطط القومى بلبنان والمخطط الاقليمى لبيروت وتستخلص الدراسة الى مجموعة من النتائج اهمها ان التخطيط القومى المتوازن يخلق تخطيط اقليمى مستدام لتكوين انوية للتنمية القومية موزعة جغرافيا واقليميا بما يشكل مجموعة متوازنة من مراكز الثقل بالتخطيط القومى لاحداث تنمية مستدامة متراكبة على المدى البعيد وعدم وجود فجوات تنموية لتحقيق التوازن بمخطط التنمية القومى للترتيب لاراضى بلبنان خاصة فيما يتعلق بتوزيع الموارد والامكانيات والتأكيد على مجموعة من التوصيات اهمها تكوين هيكل مرحلى للتخطيط القومى باسلوب عكسى يبدأ بالتخطيط الاستراتيجى للمدينة ثم التخطيط الاستراتيجى للاقليم ثم التخطيط القومى لضمان البناء المتراكب المتدرج لهيكل التنمية مع ضرورة الاهتمام بالتنمية العمرانية كنواة اساسية للتنمية المستدامة المتوازنة الشاملة وضرورة اعادة ترتيب الاراضى اللبنانية باسلوب قاعدة البيانات المتراكبة مثل نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS) كاداة قياسية للتحكم فى اتجاهات التنمية ومعدلاتها من قاعدة بيانات شاملة محدثة والتوصية بتوزيع التنمية باسلوب متوازن مع الاقاليم الادارية من حيث(المساحة – التعداد) وانشاء محاور عرضية للتنمية بلبنان للتوزيع الافقى للتنمية المستدامة بما يسمح بالمسح الشامل للاراضى اللبنانية
ADAPTING MERITED AND AWARD-WINNING BUILDINGDSPERMITTED LEVELS AND NON-NEGOTIABLE VALUES: THE CASE OF THE LIBRARY OF ALEXANDRIA, ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT
Get PDFThe practice of launching international architectural design competitions to key and important buildings in Egypt is not a new trend. Once built, those award-winning buildings usually undergo a modification process either by their owners or occupants. Owners or occupants always modify these buildings so that their performance would be adapted to certain local parameters. These modifications, however, may touch upon some of the original qualities that had donated those designs merits and recognitions at the time of their selection as prize winners. Many of these significant award-winning buildings might be considered as modern heritage resources, thus developing another layer of significance that might also influence the appropriateness of any modifications undertaken to them. This paper presents an overview on how some buildings have been altered. The aim was to infer the architectural qualities which were affected by the modification processes, and attempt to define some non-negotiable parameters that should be preserved in such buildings in order to keep their architectural merits. The research tried to answer the following questions: - Is it ethical, professional or legal to modify an award winning architectural project? - Are there regulations or codes of practice that control and/or prohibit modifications of certain architectural qualities in award-winning buildings? The paper also tried to examine the various heritage values that might be satisfied by the case study, which is the Library of Alexandria, and to examine the influences of these values on the adaptability of the modern alterations to the Library. The findings of the study, in relation to the new addition to the Library of Alexandria as a modern heritage resource, indicated that the addition was found to contribute positively towards some heritage values, such as the use value, and was also found to contribute negatively towards other values, such as the townscape value. The study recommends that the regulations of the international and local architectural competitions should explicitly involve guidelines that help in guiding architects while designing modern additions to such award-winning buildings, so as to guarantee the survival of the qualities that allowed these buildings the chance to win these awards
WATERFRONTS DEVELOPMENT POLICIESCASE STUDY: ALEXANDRIA & JEDDAH WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
Get PDFOther coastal cities like in the Arab & Gulf area troubles started when the cities started to grow in an unorganized way in the last two decades & private properties occupied most of the cities waterfronts. Planners had always trying to reclaim & develop waterfronts by public governmental effort or by private projects
Undetermined penalties in Islamic doctrine
No full textThe Islamic legislation was characterized by its adaptability, flexibility and its general content which include the Islamic Criminal legislation. The criminal law is based on the legality principle; which means that there is neither a crime nor a penalty without text stating that. There are different types of penalties, those specified and estimated and not condoned when the penalty is implemented, and the unappreciated penalties which are subject to the discretionary power of the judge. The basic principle that a party is innocent until proven the opposite (guilty) by acknowledgment or by oath. The main target of Islamic legislation is rooting and stating penalties of deterrence as well as the punishment when the crime has been committed
The impact of Anglo-American law on the International Contract
No full textThe analysis of international texts shows that the rules of Anglo-American law are the most used to regulate International contracts from their formation until their extinction. The combination of various factors explains this current phenomenon of influence of Anglo-American law and reveals its magnitude. On the one hand, the phenomenon of globalization, which is expressed essentially by the internationalization of the economy, has led to competition between nations for the attractiveness of their norms. The flexibility and pragmatism of Anglo-American law, on the other hand, seem to have prevailed over the legitimacy of civil law. Finally, the expansion of the tools resulting from the economic analysis of the law in the different cosmopolitan legal systems undoubtedly materializes this Anglo-American phenomenon of penetration of the economic dimension in the legal sphere. In addition, several Anglo-American contractual mechanisms are imported into the projects of unification of the law of international contracts ; the effectively convey the legal philosophy of the common lawyers
THE LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE HEAD OF THE STATE UNDER PUBLIC LAW AND INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW
Get PDFWe have covered in this study, the types of legal accountability of the Head of the State, within the framework of public law and international criminal law. This liability includes:
First: constitutional or political accountability, second: administrative responsibility, third: Criminal responsibility and finally International Criminal Responsibility.
At the end, we had a general recommendation, which is: The head of state is a person by nature, and he is not infallible. Therefore, we can conclude that the head of the state must be constitutionally accountable, with or without powers, and he must be held accountable administratively, whether he is a direct manager. Also he must be held criminally accountable like any other citizen. He has the guarantees of any citizen without complications, and he is naturally responsible, as individuals, if he commits an international crime