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CORRELATION OF SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND MAINTENANCE LEVEL OF HOUSES IN MASS HOUSING SCHEME IN ILORIN, NIGERIA
Full text linkIt is a common belief that certain behaviors are influenced by a person\u27s social level. This claim is taken to apply to housing maintenance in any society, whether it is owned or rented. The aim of this study is to identify the socioeconomic indicators that are most predictive of the maintenance level of houses in mass housing schemes in the metropolis of Ilorin, Nigeria. Both primary and secondary data were used in this investigation. Qualitative and quantitative data through structured questionnaires administered on 1125 household heads constituting 27% of the sample frame were collected from sixteen (16) mass housing schemes comprises of Public, Private and Public-Private-Partnership for the analysis. Using the multistage sampling technique, descriptive statistics and Pearson-product moment correlations were performed to analyze the data. The finding indicates that the monthly income, employment status, educational background and age of the residents have a greater impact on housing maintenance. Also, with a correlation coefficient of 0.725, it is observed that there is a high (strong) positive correlation between socio-economic characteristics of residents and maintenance level of houses, thus serving as the main predictor. The results revealed that socioeconomic characteristics can be used as an indicator for mass housing schemes maintenance policy to improve the conditions of the houses and the environment and sustainable building materials should always be specified in construction of mass housing by built environments professional
SMART CONTRACTS IN LIGHT OF THE RULES OF THE CISG AND UNCITRAL
Full text linkFrom oral agreement to paper to digital format, the contract, which encapsulates and defines the relationships between those who compose it, has undergone multiple revolutions. These days, it\u27s the smart contracts that are interfering between technology and law. A new generation of contracts known as intelligent contracts (smart contracts) has emerged as a result of the remarkable advancements in artificial intelligence coupled with the development of blockchain technology and crypto money. Furthermore, this intelligent contractual model is no longer limited to the creation of traditional agreements alone. Because it can be created and executed automatically, often without external intervention, it tends to expand to other types of legal acts and a wide range of electronic transactions
MULTISCALE MODELLING OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN HEMP WOOLS
Full text linkThis paper deals with the development of a multi-scale model of coupled heat and mass transfer for hemp wool insulating materials. Natural fibrous insulating materials from renewable resources like hemp offer an attractive environmental option for conventional insulation materials. These materials exhibit excellent thermal performances in terms of thermal conductivity and thermal capacity but are highly sensitive to moisture variations. To fully describe their behavior, we developed a multi-scale approach founded upon three characteristic scales: the heterogeneous fiber scale, the homogenized fiber network scale, and the final product scale. Using the method of volume averaging, we established transfer equations at each scale and obtained expressions for effective properties (thermal conductivity, permeability, vapor diffusivity) as a function of microstructure and water content. The initial upscaling stage between fiber and homogenized fiber provides constitutive relations between water content and properties, and the second upscaling stage provides the macroscopic hygrothermal insulation behavior. X-ray tomography 3D images enabled direct computation of the effective properties on the actual microstructure. Numerical values of effective thermal conductivity at decreased dry conditions compare favorably with experiments; for example, the calculated average thermal conductivity (0.046 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹) is almost identical to the measured value (0.047 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹). The calculated through-thickness vapor diffusivity (1.9 ± 0.09 × 10⁻⁵ m²·s⁻¹) also compares well with experimental data (1.9 ± 0.09 × 10⁻⁵ m²·s⁻¹). This double-scale approach offers a rigorous framework for simulating and predicting the hygrothermal behavior of hemp-based insulation under realistic environmental conditions, contributing to the optimization of these sustainable building materials
ARUM PALAESTINUM EXTRACTS: A NATURAL SOLUTION FOR ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE CONTROL
Full text linkRoot-knot nematodes (RKNs), Meloidogyne spp., have a destructive effect on a wide range of the crops. Arum palaestinum is a wild plant in levant that has a lot of different phytochemicals. The aim of this study is to evaluate the nematicidal potential of A. palaestinum extracts against RKN. The nematicidal efficiency of three types of extracts (aqueous, ethanolic and chloroform) of leaves, flowers and rhizomes of A. palaestinum on second stage juveniles (J2s) and hatching egg rate (RHI) of RKNs were evaluated in vitro using 6 concentrations of each extract (50mg/mL, 37.5mg/mL, 25mg/mL, 12.5mg/mL, 5mg/mL and 2.5mg/mL) and compared to water and dimethyl sulfoxide (4% DMSO) used as negative controls. In general, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of leaves, flowers, and rhizomes of A. palaestinum had the highest mortality and the hatching inhibition rates followed by the chloroform extracts. Furthermore, the LC50 values determined ranged between 20.76 and 22.31 mg/mL for aqueous extracts, between 21.28 and 21.72mg/mL for ethanolic extracts and between 32.55 to 33.92 mg/mL for chloroform extracts. In the greenhouse experiment, A. palaestinum extracts were added in pots of tomato plants to test the effect of the extracts on the RKN, all extracts significantly reduced RKNs infestation and gall index of M. incognita. The present study revealed the effectiveness of all tested A. palaestinum extracts to root knot nematodes without the surplus of any chemical
THE PROFESSIONAL TRAJECTORY OF THE INVESTIGATING JUDGE
Full text linkThis research addresses the issue of how investigating judges exercise their procedures while preserving human rights. It has been shown that these rights have been violated by a judge in France and by judges of the Judicial Council in Lebanon. This has prompted President Macron to consider abolishing the position of investigating judge in France due to the arbitrary detention of a defendant by one of the investigating judges. The Lebanese investigating judge also exceeded his authority by detaining an innocent person, who was later sentenced to life imprisonment by the Judicial Council. It later emerged that the perpetrator of the murder was another individual who was tried in Jordan and executed. Meanwhile, the convicted person in Lebanon remained in detention until President Michel Suleiman issued a special pardon for him
URBAN MORPHOLOGY AND ADAPTIVE RE-USE: BALANCING HERITAGE AND MODERNITY IN CAIRO’S AL-GAMALEYA DISTRICT
Full text linkUnderstanding the urban morphology of cities is crucial for comprehending how their physical structures can evolve in response to various needs. This study focuses on the historic urban spaces of Gamaleya in Cairo, exploring the evolution of urban morphology and how adaptive reuse can provide a development approach that preserves the character of historic areas. This is particularly important in light of the changes brought about by the accumulation of urban morphological layers over the years. Al-Gamaleya known for its rich culture, heritage and traditional architecture, is a unique case study to examine the influence of urban morphology on urban spaces. In the paper we analyze how the area\u27s street pattern, plots and traditional building forms affect community life, cultural aspects and urban heritage preservation. Our findings reveal that that the historical urban morphological development is a result of cultural traditions, social needs and infrastructure needs. creating a vibrant social fabric within the Al-Gamaleya area. where those factors shaping the characteristics of the area highlight the challenges for modern urban development, including integration the contemporary urban amenities. this exploration studies the relation between preserving historical urban forms and applying urban needs. The study suggests adaptive-re-use to abandoned spaces like old market near Al-Hussein and Infront of the gate of Bab-Al-Qadi, named Khan Al-Gaffar by the researchers as it is adjacent to Khan Al- Gaffar historical place. it is suggested to be repurposed as cultural hub, integration modern amenities meanwhile preserving historical character. Such approach does not only enhance the functionality of this urban space but also maintain cultural significance. the proposal includes having open spaces for social gatherings, attracting vendors, therefore developing the district while respecting the heritage. Overall, this research paper contributes to the understanding of urban morphology in historical contexts and try to find sustainable urban development strategies which balance preservation with contemporary use. The implications of this research extend to urban planners, policymakers, and conservationists working in historical urban spaces, highlighting the need for a balanced approach that ensures sustainable urban growth and development without compromising cultural heritage
RESTRICTING THE CRIMINAL JUDGE TO THE PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
Full text linkThere is no doubt that the criminal judge enjoys wide discretion when weighing the evidence and in determining the extent of its strength when forming his certain conviction, whether it is related to the evidence concluded by the indictment authority or what was raised before the court in the case before him. However, the reader of the legal texts he cited The Palestinian legislator in procedural law, when discussing the criminal judge’s freedom of persuasion, notices its generality and lack of a general framework that shows the limits of that freedom that the judge enjoys and relies on it in his search for the factual truth of the criminal case. The authenticity of the case papers referred to the court, of which the preliminary investigation records are an essential part. From here, the main problem of the study arose, which centered on whether the records of the primary investigation could restrict the criminal judge to the inevitability of adopting it, and whether it is suitable to form a basis that suffices him alone in issuing his judgment. After conducting a comparative and analytical study of the texts of the relevant Palestinian and Lebanese laws, it appears that some preliminary investigation procedures may constitute a total restriction on the criminal judge’s freedom of conviction, especially if the conditions for their validity are met. In convicting the accused, if the Public Prosecution provides evidence of the circumstances in which he was accepted and the court is convinced that it was issued voluntarily and voluntarily, which means that the judge’s freedom is related to researching the extent to which the conditions for the validity of the confession are met, and if they are available, he must adopt it. Likewise, it is not always correct to say that the court is the supreme expert in the case, because if the judge assesses the necessity of resorting to expertise in technical or technical issues that are beyond the scope of his knowledge and understanding, then this is considered an admission of his necessity, and his departure from its results at the time or deviance from resorting to it. It is a departure from the logical and scientific method in its ruling, which is confirmed by many decisions issued by the Palestinian and Egyptian Courts of Cassatio
BETWEEN THE IMAGINATION OF LEGENDS AND THE CHALLENGE OF REALITY: WRITING TO SAVE THE PLANET
Full text linkClimate change is a global phenomenon due to global warming, characterized by a general increase in average temperatures. This change is linked to industrial activity, in particular to the greenhouse effect, which is why it is said to be of human origin. Alongside scientists, writers now include themes linked to global warming. New genres have appeared such as climate fiction. Thomas B. Reverdy, in his novel Climax describes the end of the world in the context of global warming. The action takes place in the north, towards the Arctic. The story involves various protagonists who remember Norse legends about the end of the world and the twilight of the gods. One of them Noah, “the master of the game” explains that the rise in temperature is disrupting the ecosystem, thus threatening certain number of species. The ice will melt and cause the ice floe to fracture and begin to drift dangerously. The company and the States, responsible for these disturbances (because of the release of gases which cause the greenhouse effect) were compensated because the melting of the sea ice facilitated access to resources and the exploitation of wealth; moreover, it opened up new avenues of trade, even if this led the world to a disaster. A problem arises: how does this novel represent the issues of climate change? What does the narrator propose to face the danger? To resolve this issue, we will address: 1- The structure of the story and the methods of inserting scientific knowledge into the story. 2- Analysis of the association between scientific fidelity and the narrative imperatives of fiction. 3- The function of the characters: role of exploiters and their responsibility. 4- The role of literature: toll the knell and mobilize the public to confront an inherent danger
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF LEBANESE ADULTS TOWARDS ASTHMA IN BEIRUT, LEBANON
Full text linkAsthma, a serious global health problem, has been an area of interest due to its increasing prevalence, expanding treatment costs, and rising burden on patients and the community. Since asthma cannot be cured, clinical episodes can be prevented and controlled by adequate management and sufficient knowledge of the disease. Appropriate treatment may relieve asthma symptoms and improve quality of life. However, poor knowledge of asthma disease and medication use, misdiagnoses, misuse of inhalers and inadequate self-management of disease symptoms may have a greater impact on the disease process. Therefore, assessment of the population’s knowledge and attitude toward asthma is essential. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies has assessed the population’s knowledge and attitude regarding asthma in Beirut, thus this study was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitude of Lebanese adults regarding asthma in Beirut, Lebanon. Additionally, the goal of this study was to determine the incidence from the studied sample of participants with physician-diagnosed and physician-undiagnosed asthma treated by bronchodilators/inhaled corticosteroids (BD/ICS). Furthermore, to identify from the sample studied the participants having the likelihood of asthma disease and to highlight the natural products used by the participants in managing asthma-related symptoms. Four hundred participants were enrolled in a cross-sectional study that was carried out using web-based anonymous questionnaires about asthma disease evaluating their knowledge towards the disease and attitude in Beirut, Lebanon. The study revealed that Lebanese adults had an inadequate level of knowledge regarding asthma, its medications, and asthma triggers. This lack of knowledge was reflected in their attitude towards the disease. Moreover, our study showed that 9.1% of the asthmatic participants who were questioned were undiagnosed yet by the physician and 33.3% of those were using BD/ICS to relieve their asthma symptoms. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that 18.75% of the questioned participants had recurrent respiratory symptoms and had features that associated with asthma, thus increasing the risk of developing chronic airway disease and asthma. However, only 8.25% of questioned participants were asthmatic. In conclusion, there is a need to improve the Lebanese community’s knowledge and attitude by increasing the level of awareness about the disease. Several recommendations were suggested to advance the knowledge of asthma in order to improve future health outcomes
A REVIEW OF SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE HRM PRACTICES IN THE LEBANESE HEALTHCARE SECTOR
Full text linkThis study reviews the existing literature on Socially Responsible Human Resource Management practices on both nurses\u27 performance and their intention to stay which constitute important factors of nurses’ decisions to stay in the healthcare sector in Lebanon. It also focuses on the current knowledge about existing literature in socially responsible HRM. This literature review highlights on the current knowledge about the determinant factor and the importance of socially responsible HRM practices and key outcomes for nurses. It suggests that socially responsible HRM practices, covering initiatives such as training, performance evaluation, compensation, work-family balance and occupational health and safety practices, may significantly impact nurses\u27 performance and intention to stay. Through a blend of theoretical perspectives, the framework outlines how these practices may enhance nurses\u27 intention to stay in the organization and ultimately leading to improved performance outcomes. It will add to the existing literature since it is a review grounded on evidence from prior literature reviews and studies connected to this topic and recommends additional future studies. The proposed framework provides a basis for future empirical research to investigate the causal relationships and dynamics between socially responsible HRM practices, nurses\u27 performance, and intention to stay, thus informing evidence-based HRM strategies in healthcare settings. In conclusion, it highlights the importance of integrating social responsibility principles into HRM practices within healthcare organizations which can lead to a favorable work environment and outcomes to both the nurses and organizations in Lebanon