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Nearest Neighbour Propensity Score Matching and Bootstrapping for Estimating Binary Patient Response in Oncology: A Monte Carlo Simulation
No full textNearest Neighbour (NN) propensity score (PS) matching methods are commonly used in pharmacoepidemiology to estimate treatment response using observational data. Unfortunately, there is limited evidence on the optimal approach for accurately estimating binary treatment response and, more so, to estimate its variance. Bootstrapping, although commonly used to accurately estimate variance, is rarely used together with PS matching. In this Monte Carlo simulation-based study, we examined the performance of bootstrapping used in conjunction with PS matching, as opposed to different NN matching techniques, on a simulated dataset exhibiting varying levels of real world complexity. Thus, an experimental design was set up that independently varied the proportion of patients treated, the proportion of outcomes censored and the amount of PS matches used. Simulation results were externally validated on a real observational dataset obtained from the Belgian Cancer Registry. We found all investigated PS methods to be stable and concordant, with k-NN matching to be optimally dealing with the censoring problem, typically present in chronic cancer-related datasets, whilst being the least computationally expensive. In contrast, bootstrapping used in conjunction with PS matching, being the most computationally expensive, only showed superior results in small patient populations with long-term largely unobserved treatment effects.This study has been supported by the Vlerick Business School Academic Research Fund and benefitted from the contribution of Yves Moreau, Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) STADIUS Centre for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics Department, University of Leuven, Belgium. We would also like to thank the Belgian Cancer Registry for providing us with unique access to historical observational data and their research assistance. Financial support for this study was provided entirely by a grant from the Vlerick Business School. The funding agreement ensured the authors' independence in designing the study, interpreting the data and publishing the report
Covid-19 will lead to further stranded assets in the EU
No full textWith airlines looking at an annus horribilis in 2020, planes could follow coal plants as Europe's next stranded asset, writes Vlerick Business School's Professor David Vereda
Price-cost margins and fixed costs
No full textThis paper introduces a new method which allows to simultaneously estimate price-cost margins and fixed costs in production, using standard production data on expenditures of inputs and revenue at the firm level. In particular, we exploit properties of the primal and dual price based and cost based Solow residual, in which we allow not only for the flexible treatment of capital (either fixed, variable or a combination of both) but also for the flexible treatment of other input factors, such as labor and intermediate inputs. We use a 30 year long firm level panel of Belgian firms to estimate price-cost margins and fixed costs as a share of revenue to show the following key results: Ignoring fixed costs in production, as in most of the literature, underestimates price-cost margins and overestimates excess profit margins. We also find that fixed costs as well as price-cost margins decline in the last three decades, pushing excess profit margins downwards, suggesting highly competitive markets in Belgium
In turbulent times, China and the EU need to collaborate
No full textThere is no doubt that we live in times where free trade is under pressure, with a rise in protectionism observed across the globe. A growing number of countries impose tariffs and other trade restrictions in order to shield their own markets from foreign competition
Mapping, analyzing and designing innovation ecosystems: The Ecosystem Pie Model
No full textTo achieve a complex value proposition, innovating firms often need to rely on other actors in their innovation ecosystem. This raises many new challenges for the managers of these firms. However, there is not yet a comprehensive approach that would support managers in the process of analysis and decision making on ecosystem strategy. In this paper, we develop a strategy tool to map, analyze and design (i.e., model) innovation ecosystems. From the scholarly literature, we distill the constructs and relationships that capture how actors in an ecosystem interact in creating and capturing value. We embed these elements in a visual strategy tool coined the Ecosystem Pie Model (EPM) that is accompanied by extensive application guidelines. We then illustrate how the EPM can be used, and conclude by exploring the multiple affordances of the EPM tool as a boundary object between research and practice
Making your way - De (hobbelige) weg naar succes en geluk in leven en werk
No full text15 hardnekkige mythes ontkracht, over de weg naar succes en geluk in leven en werk Wat betekent succes? Is dat enkel hogerop komen? Bestaat de perfecte baan? Moet je alles vooraf uitgekiend hebben, en liefst voor je dertigste? En hoe zit het met die work-life balance? In dit boek zetten de auteurs op een rij wat zij hadden willen weten voor ze hun carrière startten. Ze ontkrachten of nuanceren 15 hardnekkige mythes, en delen waardevolle tips aan de hand van eigen ervaringen, prikkelende getuigenissen en academisch onderzoek. Over die grote droom, over levenslang leren en over 'durven springen'
Academy of Management Proceedings
No full textEconomic growth is predominantly seen as a central economic and political goal. Recently, this view has been increasingly criticized and the idea of sustainable degrowth emerged as an alternative paradigm in order to ensure human wellbeing within planetary boundaries. As business activity is a key driving force behind economic growth, the role of corporate organizations in a transition towards a post-growth society is a particularly challenging question. It is for instance still unclear how business models for degrowth- conform organizations could look like. In order to address this research gap, our study aims to elaborate the role and design of organizations and their respective business models within the degrowth context. In this exploratory work, we use a two-step approach: Firstly, based on a systematic literature review we provide an overview on business-oriented findings in the degrowth literature. Based on this, we derive elements for a conceptual framework development to consolidate fragmented findings within the degrowth discourse. The resulting framework serves to describe principles for the design of degrowth-conform organizations. Subsequently, we conduct interviews with three CEOs of certified Benefit Corporations (B Corps) and an in-depth case study with four interviewees with a prime example of a B Corp: Dr. Bronner’s. Overall, our findings show that B Corps to some extent successfully implement numerous degrowth- conform elements within our current economic system. However, tensions regarding growth-orientation remain, and further need for research regarding the role and design of organizations for degrowth is identified.
Academy of Management Proceeding
No full textIn highly uncertain contexts, such as organizations undergoing major change initiatives, employees become especially attentive to procedural fairness. Although research has focused mainly on perceptions of experienced procedural justice, employees also generate expectations about the procedural fairness they will receive in the future, termed anticipatory procedural justice. In this paper, we posit that these expectations can affect employee positive behaviors that are not specifically related to the change itself, namely organizational citizenship behaviors. Further, we hypothesize that employees highly identified with their profession will be less affected by justice expectations, while employees who are less identified will rely on these expectations when deciding to engage in organizational citizenship behaviors. We test our hypotheses using a multi-method approach entailing one experiment with a heterogeneous sample of US workers (n=183), one three-wave panel survey with a sample of US workers from different organizations undergoing wage cuts and layoffs (N=101), and one field survey in a public health government agency facing a large scale organizational change (n=315). In all three studies, anticipatory procedural justice fully mediated the relationship between experienced procedural justice and organizational citizenship behaviors. In Study 3, where the majority of respondents worked in vocational roles (e.g., healthcare specialists and psychology counsellors), professional identification moderated this mediated relationship. Specifically, the organizational citizenship behaviors of employees highly identified with their profession were not affected by anticipatory procedural justice. We conclude by discussing theoretical and practical implications of our findings.
Why pausing digital transformations is OK
No full textThanks to the economic uncertainty and workplace turmoil created by the COVID-19 pandemic, more than a few companies have put digital transformation projects on hold, which is contributing to a decline in global spending on information technology. While the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in many enterprise transformation projects taking a back seat to short-term IT priorities, the digital revolution in general has been accelerated. But it took a CIO's visionary introduction of a comprehensive framework called "analytics as a service" to really get the company started on its true journey of innovating with analytics
What is Offshoring Management Capability and How Do Organizations Develop It? A Study of Dutch IT Service Providers
No full textThis study develops a capability perspective of offshoring. While previous research shows that experience affects future offshoring decisions, we still lack an understanding of what offshoring management capability is and how organizations develop it. Using data on five Dutch IT service providers, we find that offshoring management capability is multidimensional as it comprises four dimensions: coordination competency, relationship development, relationship design, and organizational identification. Furthermore, we uncover the process through which organizations can actively develop an offshoring management capability. We find that there are four elements in this learning loop: an offshoring growth mentality, adaptive monitoring of offshoring performance, offshoring reflexivity, and mechanisms for storing and disseminating offshoring best practice. Therefore, our capability perspective of offshoring provides a comprehensive conceptualization of offshoring management capability as a multidimensional construct and uncovers the process through which organizations develop it