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Municipal police in the republic of Serbia
No full textPurpose: Municipal police is a rather new institution in Serbia, introduced only in 2010. This paper brings the firsthand experience of its function and operations in Serbian towns. Methods: Analysis is based on secondary sources, literature review and online survey conducted with representatives of Municipal police in several Serbian towns. Findings: The five-year activity of municipal police has had a positive effect on reducing the number of offenses against public order, as well as certain types of crimes committed in public places. When it comes to the number of reports submitted by the municipal police for committed criminal offenses, this number is not large but it certainly represents an important contribution to detecting of these acts and their perpetrators. The positive side of municipal police work is that its members relatively rarely resort to the use of force. Certain cases of political (mis)use of municipal police as well as overstepping the authorities and inadequate interventions towards vulnerable groups which draw a lot of media attention, have very bad influence to the perception and public stands on this service. This is a particularly difficult in Serbian context in which this institution exists in the field of interests and conflicts among political parties, which additional hinders its professionalization and legitimization. Research limitations: There are only few secondary sources about municipal police. Less than one third of respondents answered the questionnaire, and some of them gave socially desirable answers. Results of the research should be complemented with comprehensive survey of public opinion on Municipal police. Originality: So far there are no analyses of Municipal police in Serbia, so this paper presents initial findings regarding this issue
Promena finansijskog položaja države kao bezbednosni problem
Get PDFThe second half of the 20th century will be remembered as the period of the biggest liberalisation in history in the area of international economic relationships. Many factors served that fact. First of all, attempts to eliminate circumstances which were the root cause of previous world wars. Along with liberalisation of the trade processes, there was a process of growth of public debt which significantly restricted public institution activities. Due to lack of funds in the budget, countries were forced to mortgage and pay a significant amount of money for the rates of interest. Developing countries are especially in a very difficult position because they are under constant pressure and are forced to accept unfavorable arrangements in order to make their system work at all. The circumstances which were mentioned are the hardest for the citizens, primarily due to the lack of funds for the financing of the public sector. Because of the various restrictions, the health system, education and public administration, have a constant deficit and are not able to follow the needs of the local population. Dysfunction of national institutions represents a security problem par excellence.Druga polovina XX veka u međunarodnim odnosima ostaće zabeležena u istoriji kao period najveće liberalizacije u sferi međunarodnih ekonomskih odnosa. Mnogi faktori su pogodovali ovoj činjenici. Pre svega, pokušaj da se otklone okolnosti koje su u korenu uzroka prethodnih velikih svetskih ratova. Sa liberalizacijom trgovinskih procesa paralelno se odvijao i proces rasta javnog duga koji značajno ograničava aktivnosti državnih institucija. Zbog nedostatka sredstava u budžetu, države su primorane da se zadužuju i plaćaju značajna sredstva na ime kamata. Posebno su u teškom položaju zemlje u razvoju koje trpe razna uslovljavanja i primorane su da prihvataju nepovoljne aranžmane kako bi njihov sistem uopšte funkcionisao. Posledice opisane situacije trpe građani, pre svega, zbog nedostatka sredstava za finansiranje rada javnog sektora. Zdravstveni sistem, obrazovanje i državna uprava zbog raznih restrikcija imaju hronični deficit i nisu u stanju da isprate potrebe lokalnog stanovništva. Disfunkcionalnost nacionalnih institucija predstavlja bezbednosni problem par excellence
Pokušaji teorijskog određenja pojma energetske bezbednosti kao činioca determinacije međunarodnog političko-bezbednosnog sistema
Get PDFAt the beginning of the 21st century, a matter of achieving the energy security, as an essentially important element of the global security system, has become one of the priorities of global politics. This has caused it to become more topical and increased its importance in international relations. The possession of energy reserves provides nations with a number of comparative advantages in contemporary international politics, and with a place among the leading centers of power on a planetary level. This fact gives a special meaning to energy security, because energy resources are an important lever by which nations project their power and influence. The correlation between energy resources and the strengthening of positions and roles of nations in international politics is undeniable and easily verifiable. The paper analyzes and partly explains various attempts to theoretically define the concept of energy security in the context of its growing importance in international relations and the impact on the strengthening of the projected positions of nations as subjects of international order. Nominal definition of the concept of “energy security” has been made more difficult by the fact that there is no universally acceptable definition of the concept of “security”, as well as that there coexist various theoretical approaches to its definition. In the scientific and technical literature, the prevalent concept is that the content and scope of the concept of security today have been substantially expanded due to the continued widening of the limits of its problem framework. The basic characteristics of most of these definitions are non-equivalence – disproportionality and inadequacy. Namely, they are either too narrow and do not include all the contents and essential factors of the security, or they are too wide, and the concept is lost in the range of phenomena. Therefore, in the conceptual sense this term is so debatable that it is not even closely possible to reach an agreement on its meaning. The attempt to define the syntagm of “energy security” reveals the same tendencies as in determining the meaning of the term “security”. Namely, there is a proliferation of different theoretical approaches, as well as differences in the definition of this syntagm, which are substantially determined by, among other things, the status that individual nations have in the global energy system.Početkom XXI veka jedan od prioriteta globalne politike postalo je pitanje ostvarivanja energetske bezbednosti, kao suštinski važnog elemenata sistema globalne bezbednosti, što je uslovilo njenu aktuelizaciju i porast značaja u međunarodnim odnosima. Posedovanje rezervi energenata omogućava državama niz komparativnih prednosti u savremenoj međunarodnoj politici i obezbeđuje im mesto među vodećim centrima moći na planetarnom nivou. Ova činjenica energetskoj bezbednosti daje posebnu dimenziju, jer energetski resursi predstavljaju značajnu polugu kojom države projektuju svoju moć i uticaj. Korelacija između energetskih resursa i jačanja pozicija i uloga država u međunarodnoj politici je nesporna i lako dokaziva. U radu su analizirani i delom objašnjeni različiti pokušaji teorijskog definisanja pojma energetske bezbednosti u kontekstu porasta njenog značaja u međunarodnim odnosima i uticaja na jačanje projektovanih pozicija država kao subjekata međunarodnog poretka. Nominalno definisanje pojma “energetska bezbednost” otežano je činjenicom da ne postoji univerzalno prihvatljiva definicija pojma “bezbednost”, kao i da egzistiraju različiti teorijski pristupi u njegovom definisanju. U naučno-stručnoj literaturi preovladava shvatanje da su sadržaj i obim pojma bezbednost danas suštinski prošireni usled stalnog širenja granica njenog problemskog polja. Osnovne odlike najvećeg broja tih definicija su neekvivalentnost - nesrazmernost i neadekvatnost. Naime, ili su preuske i ne obuhvataju sve sadržaje i bitne činioce bezbednosti, ili su preširoke, pa se pojam gubi u širini pojava. Stoga je u konceptualnom smislu ovaj pojam toliko sporan da nije ni približno moguće postići saglasnost oko njegovog značenja. Pri pokušaju definisanja sintagme “energetska bezbednost” primećuju su tendencije kao i pri određivanju značenja pojma “bezbednost”. Naime, postoji proliferacija različitih teorijskih pristupa , kao i razlike u definisanju ove sintagme koje su u znatnoj meri determinisane, pored ostalog, i statusom koji pojedine države imaju u globalnom energetskom sistemu
Public Health in Serbia through the Lens of Security: A Review Article
No full textBackground: In recent years, the concept of health security has received an international dimension. However, despite evident links between health and security the concept of health security is not used in either academic or political discourse in Serbia. It comes as no surprise then that even though the issue of security challenges is present in Serbian legislation, it has not been incorporated into the National Security Strategy, by which health threats would be recognized as one of contemporary security priorities. Methods: The method applied is descriptive and analytical, in keeping with social studies research methodology and the aims of this study. Results: The 20th and the 21st century in Serbia have both been marked by events indicating a clear link between health and security. The most telling example of this connection is the events of the 1990s, namely civil wars, sanctions and the NATO bombing. The results of our research show that poor health conditions, an increasing number of reemerging diseases and pandemics of new diseases can have serious implications for the functioning of the state and devastating consequences for its population. What is most at risk are people's lives, capability for work, the entire economy and the capacities of the army and overall national security. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate an inextricable link between health and security and the necessity of viewing health through the lens of health security and incorporating it as such into the National Security Strategy
Višekanalno učenje za obuku medicinskog osoblja u Vojsci Srbije
Get PDFThe evaluation results led us to the conclusion that the persons participating in the survey are well skilled in using smart devices and they mostly do not have any problems to access courses during the evaluation period. Check lists should be used as much as possible and in combination with other types of content. For instance, the topics ABCD procedures, Injury detection and first aid care, and Transportation of an injured person are appropriate for this change. Likert scaled survey designed for the course evaluation and evaluation of each topic brought successful results. Regardless of the heterogeneous structure of 82 users (13.4% female, 23% higher education, medical personnel together with others from different branches and services) the results give us insight and motivation for future development. Moreover, the users think that the enhanced course accessibility (deliverable anywhere at any time) could increase their self-confidence on the terrain as both versions (desktop and mobile) are deliverable
Kako 'čitati' savremene američko-turske odnose - analitički osvrt na akademsku i stručnu literaturu
Get PDFDespite the great geopolitical importance of U.S.-Turkish bilateral relations and multilateral cooperation in which both countries participate, it is noticeable that only a small number of authors outside the United States and Turkey deal with this topic directly. As both countries are considered to be important players in the international arena, such small number of authors outside the bilateral circuit can be understood as illogical in academic terms. Especially if we take into account a large number of countries which, after the adoption of Davutogluʼs foreign policy doctrine, found themselves in a stronger international interaction with Turkey. Therefore, we consider that a selective review and critical analysis of scientific literature on modern U.S.-Turkish relations can provide the possibility of a deeper insight into the current Turkish foreign policy. In this paper author gives a critical review of thirty-five academic papers. In order to facilitate transparency and more complete analysis, the author suggests a classification of papers according to three criteria: the timeframe of the paper, the attitude of the author (towards the given problem), and theoretical approach of the author. The aim of this paper is to review the literature, and enable the reader to summarize certain conclusions which then can be used as guidelines for further research of U.S.-Turkish relations, and the Turkish foreign policy in general.Rad daje kritičku analizu dela literature o odnosima SAD-a i Turske sa ciljem da domaćoj akademskoj javnosti ponudi dublji uvid u aktuelnu tursku spoljnu politiku i tako pruži smernice za dalje istraživanje. Uprkos velikoj geopolitičkoj važnosti američko-turskih bilateralnih odnosa, kao i multilateralnih oblika saradnje u kojima obe zemlje učestvuju, mali broj autora izvan SAD-a i Turske direktno proučava ovu temu. Kako obe države zauzimaju značajno mesto na međunarodnoj sceni, ta činjenica se može shvatiti kao svojevrsna akademska nelogičnost. Naročito ukoliko se u obzir uzme veliki broj država koje su se, nakon usvajanja Davutogluove spoljnopolitičke doktrine, našle u jačoj međunarodnoj interakciji sa Turskom. Autor je analizom obuhvatio trideset i pet stručnih i akademskih radova, a njih je radi lakše preglednosti klasifikovao u skladu sa tri kriterijuma - vremenskim okvirom rada, stavom autora prema datom problemu i teorijskim pristupom u izučavanju problema. Analiza odabrane literature pokazala je kako se istraživački fokus tokom protekle decenije pomerao sa prirode odnosa dve države na objašnjenje prirode novonastalih problema, kao i da je stav autora prema perspektivama američko-turskih odnosa u velikoj meri determinisan aktuelnim sledom događaja. Autor zaključuje da se realistički i konstruktivistički pristup snažno preporučuju kao najpodesniji teorijski okvir za dalja istraživanja savremenih američko-turskih odnosa
Geoprostorna i vremenska distribucija šumskih požara kao prirodnih katastrofa
Get PDFForest fires are one of the most significant threats to modern civilization, the study of which requires complex, comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach. The consequences of forest fires are often devastating to lives, health and property of people, but also to the security of the country and the entire international community. In this regard, in order to more effectively protect and prevent serious disruption of functioning of the society or great human, material and environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected society to cope with the situation, i.e the natural disaster, it is necessary to comprehensively investigate the mentioned natural phenomenon. This paper explains and describes the form, consequences, and temporal and geospatial distribution of forest fires. Using an international database on natural disasters of the Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), based in Brussels, with the support of the software package used for statistical analysis (SPSS) and the method of thematic cartography, the authors tried to point to the number, trends, consequences, geospatial and temporal distribution of forest fires in the period from 1900 to 2013, as well as to the need for adequate response of the society to this type of natural disaster.Šumski požari predstavljaju jednu od najznačajnijih opasnosti savremene civilizacije čije proučavanje zahteva složen, sveobuhvatan i multidisciplinaran pristup. Posledice šumskih požara često su razorne po život, zdravlje i imovinu ljudi, ali i po bezbednost države i čitave međuarodne zajednice. U tom smislu, radi efikasnije zaštite i sprečavanja ozbiljnog poremećaja funkcionisanja društva, odnosno velikih ljudskih, materijalnih i ekoloških gubitaka koji prevazilaze sposobnost pogođenog društva da se izbori sa situacijom, odnosno stanjem prirodne katastrofe, potrebno je sveobuhvatno istražiti navedeni prirodni fenomen. U ovom članku tumače se i objašnjavaju forma, posledice, vremenski i geoprostorni raspored ispoljavanja šumskih požara. Koristeći međunarodnu bazu podataka o prirodnim katastrofama Centra za istraživanje epidemiologije katastrofa (CRED) sa sedištem u Briselu, uz podršku programa za statističku analizu (SPSS) i metoda tematske kartografije, pokušali smo da ukažemo na broj, trendove, posledice, vremensku i geoprostornu distribuciju šumskih požara u periodu od 1900. do 2013. godine, kao i na potrebu adekvatnog odgovora društva na tu vrstu prirodne katastrofe
Aktivnosti savremenih obaveštajnih službi u kiber prostoru
Get PDFEspionage between countries dates back hundreds of years. Since the Internet was released for commercial use, developed countries started to exploit the advantages of computers and the Internet in espionage. Intelligence activity seeks to exploit all advantages and disadvantages of the mass use of information and communications technology (ICT) for purposes of intelligence activities. There is no serious intelligence service in the world which is not interested in this way of intelligence research, primarily because of the cost-effectiveness of such activity in comparison to other ways of collecting classified information. Nowadays, great powers are accusing each other of cyber espionage, the core issues being when one was spying on the other and who hired whom for that purpose. Cyberspace, by its nature, denies answers to these questions; in cyberspace it is very difficult to discover the identity of any malicious actor, as well as to prove the performance and ordering of such illegal operations. That is why the activities of the intelligence services in cyberspace will be ever more present, which will likely lead to changes in the way of intelligence gathering.Špijunaža između država je stara stotinama godina. Od puštanja interneta u komercijalnu upotrebu razvijene zemlje počinju da koriste prednosti računara i interneta u toj aktivnosti. Obaveštajna delatnost teži da iskoristi sve prednosti i mane masovne upotrebe informaciono-komunikacione tehnologije (IKT) za obavljanje obaveštajnih aktivnosti. Nema ozbiljne obaveštajne službe u svetu koja nije zainteresovana za ovaj način obaveštajnog istraživanja, pogotovo zbog ekonomičnosti ovakve aktivnosti u odnosu na druge načine prikupljanja poverljivih podataka. U aktuelnoj navali međusobnog optuživanja velikih država za kiber špijunažu nema nevinih. Suštinska pitanja su kada je neko nekoga špijunirao, i ko je koga unajmio u te svrhe. Kiber prostor se, po svojoj prirodi, protivi pronalaženju odgovora na ova pitanja - u njemu je veoma teško otkriti identitet zlonamernog aktera, kao i dokazati sprovođenje i naručivanje takvih nelegalnih operacija. Zbog toga će i aktivnosti obaveštajnih službi u kiber prostoru biti sve izraženije, što će, po svoj prilici, voditi ka promenama u načinu prikupljanja obaveštajnih podataka