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Upravljanje pravnim rizicima kao element korporativne bezbednosne politike
Get PDFManagement as an interdisciplinary field requires multidimensional approach and the engagement of different academic disciplines. The significance of Risk Management studies is rising since the end of the last century, along with technological development and corporate responsibility. However, the concept of risk has various definitions in the literature, international standards and business practice. One of the common concepts of risk determines it as relation between probability and the consequence, or level of possibility that an action or activity will lead to lead to a loss or to an undesired outcome (an action taken in spite of uncertainty with its consequence). The Legal Risk is a fresh concept that has not yet been unanimously determined and accepted in legal studies. Although legal science lacks relevant studies about Legal Risk, international associations and other entities are trying to define them and also to establish the principles of its management. The authors present and analyse theoretical approaches to this concept and also relevant international documents, such as Basel II and International Bar Association Discussion Paper. Also, legal risk are analysed by considering literature that covers different backgrounds – from legal risk in EU legal framework to standard corporate legal risk issues. The authors adopt two definitions of Legal Risk, based on its nature and the origin, and discuss that this definitions do not contradict each other and can well stand alongside, depending on the sort of Legal Risk as a complex phenomenon. The basic principles and rules of Legal Risk Management are recognised as a part of the Corporate Risk Management and Security Policy, where authors demonstrate the fact that reducing, transferring or otherwise controlling Legal Risk consequently result in the reducing of other corporate risks, especially in the security field. Corporate Security and Safety depend and administrative measures can be a powerful tool for improving the state of Corporate Security and Safety. The authors conclude the Legal Risk Management should be the focus of future empirical studies and state that its significance can be recognised in various fields
Obuka građana za reagovanje u vanrednim situacijama - Citizens' training for emergency situations
Get PDFSince the creation of primitive human communities, there were organized efforts to mitigate and minimize the consequences of emergency situations. At the same time, educating people in order to respond adequately or survival of such events has always had priority in the community. Considering the importance of such preventive activities was conducted the research skills and the motivation of citizens for attending a training application of quantitative research traditions. Interpretation of the results shows that the devastating 5.6% of the citizens pointed out that the trained response, while on the other one-third, or more precisely 34.8% of citizens interested in the training itself. In addition, it was found that the attendance of training was significantly affects by gender, age, education, education of father and mother, parenting, previous experience, risk perception, and employment of participants, and does not affect by marital status of the respondents. Thus, a higher percentage of attendance of training recorded by men, employed respondents, respondents with previous experience and higher incomes, etc. The originality of the research indicates not tested situation and the level of training of Serbian citizens for emergency situations. Scientific and social contribution of the research is to create a scientific and practical conditions to establish a comprehensive and effective training programs for the citizens of Serbia to respond to emergency situations
Fundamentalna i tehnička analiza u funkciji efikasnog upravljanja portfoliom HoV
Get PDFThe subject of the research is to analyze the methods of fundamental and technical analysis of HoV on the companies quoted in the Belex index 15. The aim of the research is to create a pool of specific information, tested in practice, on the possibilities of improving efficient portfolio management with a special focus on optimal selection of techniques and the method of fundamental and technical analysis of HoV. The fundamental analysis of securities is a method of examining economic, political and social indicators of national economy in an attempt to forecast the future trends on the financial market. Differently from the fundamental method, the technical analysis examines historical and actual data on prices and the volume aimed at forecasting the market activities in the future period. Therefore, historical data on prices make the basis and are most frequently used in technical analysis. There are numerous methods of both fundamental analysis and technical analysis and this paper suggests that the use of solely one technique cannot provide results that are satisfactory and sufficient for managing a portfolio of securities efficiently. Methodology used in the research comprises methods of analysis, synthesis, explorative and inductive- deductive techniques. Due to numerous information that could be obtained by using all of the methods and techniques, this paper presents an optimal combination of indicators of technical and fundamental analysis, as a means to efficient portfolio management. In order to apply an optimal set of fundamental and technical analysis indicators, in this paper we have used a sample of companies extracted from the Index basket that comprises 15 most liquid shares traded on the Belgrade Stock Exchange (BSE) in addition to the Belex15 Index, which describes price movements of the most liquid Serbian shares, and which is positioned as the leading index of the Belgrade Stock Exchange and calculated in real time. The research results will be useful to the academic community for further research in the field, as well as to institutional and individual investors in the function of creating a set of instruments geared towards efficient trading with HoV.Predmet istraživanja u radu je analiziranje metoda fundamentalne i tehničke analize HoV na primeru kompanija koje se kotiraju u okviru indeksa Belex 15. Cilj istraživanja jeste dolaženje do niza konkretnih informacija, u praksi testiranih, o mogućnostima unapređenja efikasnog upravljanja portfoliom sa posebnim fokusom na optimalni odabir tehnika i metoda fundamentalne i tehničke analize HoV. Fundamentalna analiza HoV bavi se u osnovi izučavanjem ekonomskih, političkih i socijalnih pokazatelja nacionalne ekonomije sa ciljem da se predvide kretanja na finansijskom tržištu u budućnosti. Za razliku od fundamentalne, tehnička analiza proučava istorijske i aktuelne podatke o cenama i obimu sa namerom da se predvide aktivnosti na tržištu u budućem periodu. Dakle, istorijski podaci o cenama su osnova i najčešće korišćeni podaci tehničke analize. Metodologija korišćena u istraživanju obuhvata metode analize, sinteze, eksplorativne i induktivno-deduktivne tehnike. Zbog velikog broja informacija koje se mogu dobiti korišćenjem svih metoda i tehnika, u radu ćemo prikazati najoptimalniju kombinaciju pokazatelja fundamentalne i tehničke analize koji će biti u funkciji efikasnog upravljanja portfoliom. Kao uzorak za primenu optimalne grupe pokazatelja fundamentalne i tehničke analize koristićemo korpu od 15 najlikvidnijih akcija na Beogradskoj berzi i indeks Belex 15 pozicioniran kao vodeći indeks Beogradske berze koji opisuje kretanja cena najlikvidnijih srpskih akcija i koji se računa u realnom vremenu. Rezultati istraživanja biće korisni kako akademskoj zajednici za dalja istraživanja u oblasti, tako i institucionalnim i individualnim investitorima u funkciji kreiranja seta instrumenata usmerenih ka efikasnom trgovanju sa HoV
Use of Armed Forces in Emergency Situation
Get PDFTh e relatively predictable nature of international relations has changed, and today’s strategic planners must take into consideration a large number of related security issues starting primarily from globalization as the dominant process in the international community. Faced with new challenges and threats, the post-modern society is obliged to make some changes of military missions from classical towards non-traditional missions for preservation and building of peace and its use in its own territory as a complement to civilian resources in cases of various crisis situations. Inevitably the question is what new asymmetric security challenges brought and where they settled Army as a pillar of national internal and external security. Th e new security reality also brings about a higher degree of interdependence between civilian andmilitary actors.Th ese changes result in a phenomenon that might be called a post-modern paradox – connecting and distancing of the armed forces from the society. And as the fi rst is caused by the mixing of internal and external security risks, and by increasing cooperation between military and civilian institutions, the second segment is caused by inevitable professionalization of the army and its transition to international missions. Th e given situation Charles Moskos represents in the following way “the perceptions of threats and opportunities presented in the light of the international situation shaped by military forces, military missions, and the relationship of the military in society.”Th e wave of migrants, as a result of the war in the Middle East, has opened the Balkan route as the main entrance of migrants to Western Europe. Large infl ux of migrants, imposed this issue as fi rst-class security problem, which caused strain of all resources of the state at the specifi ed route and the involvement of the army in its peacetime mission assistance to civil authorities in emergencies. Th is fact showed that the army, with its organization, status, reputation, resources represents the pillar of the existence of internal security.Starting with the request that the army should have the ability to ensure compatibility with civil factors within the overall national security forces, modular military structure for missions in emergencies can be an option for adequate response
Strateško planiranje sajber odbrane - ka adekvatnijem pravnom okviru i novoj koncepciji procene rizika, izazova i pretnji
Get PDFThe assessment of security risks, challenges and threats is the first step in developing strategic documents in the field of security and defense. The Republic of Serbia does not still have a defined cyber defense strategy and the adequate legal framework for its planning and implementation. When developing strategic and normative documents, it is important to take into account the specifics of cyber space and cyber weapons. The principles and legality that are applied in the physical world are generally different from those in the cyber world. This second, virtual world, is characterized by insecurity and coincidence as the important features. This results in difficulties related to the inability to reach an adequate level of certainty necessary for making strategic decisions in terms of behavior predictability and functioning of the entities in cyberspace including cyber weapons. The paper describes eight principles of cyber warfare, which were established in 2001 by Parks and Duggan. In addition, taking into account the results of research conducted by relevant authors on the importance of the exponential law for the analysis, approximation and prediction of events in the virtual world, we felt it was justified to promote this law in a separate, ninth cyber warfare principle. The guidelines for the development of strategic documents are also important when defining the adequate legal framework, which should take into account the specifics of cyber world and cyber weapons in order to enable efficient and economical implementation of strategic objectives in this area. This paper presents a proposal for the redefinition of certain legal solutions and points to the ambiguity, incompleteness, inaccuracy and contradiction of certain provisions of positive legislation, indicating the possibilities of de lege ferenda.Procena bezbednosnih rizika, izazova i pretnji je prvi korak u izradi strategijskih dokumenata na polju bezbednosti i odbrane. Republika Srbija još uvek nema definisanu strategiju sajber odbrane niti adekvatan pravni okvir za njeno planiranje i implementaciju. Prilikom izrade strateških i normativnih dokumenta važno je uzeti u obzir specifičnosti sajber prostora i sajber oružja. Principi i zakonitosti koji važe u fizičkom svetu se uglavnom razlikuju od onih koji važe u sajber svetu. Ovaj drugi, virtuelni svet, kao bitna obeležja karakterišu nesigurnost i slučajnost. Ovo za posledicu ima teškoće koje se odnose na nemogućnost dostizanja adekvatnog stepena izvesnosti neophodnog za donošenje strategijskih odluka, u smislu predvidljivosti ponašanja i delovanja entiteta u sajber prostoru, uključujući i sajber oružje. U radu smo opisali osam principa sajber ratovanja, koje su još 2001. utvrdili Parks i Dagen. Osim toga, uvažavajući rezultate istraživanja relevantnih autora o značaju eksponencijalnog zakona za analizu, aproksimaciju i predikciju događaja u virtuelnom svetu, smatrali smo opravdanom ideju da se ovaj zakon promoviše u zasebni, deveti, princip sajber ratovanja. Smernice za izradu strateških dokumenata važne su i prilikom definisanja adekvatnog pravnog okvira, koji bi trebalo da uvaži specifičnosti sajber sveta i sajber oružja kako bi omogućio efikasnu i ekonomičnu implementaciju strateških ciljeva u ovoj oblasti. Autori daju predloge za redefinisanje određenih zakonskih rešenja i ukazuju na nejasnost, nepotpunost, nepreciznost i protivrečnost pojedinih odredaba pozitivno pravnih propisa, ukazujući i na mogućnosti de lege ferenda.
Religiousness level and citizen preparedness for natural disasters
Get PDFThe subject of quantitative research was examination of relationship between the level of religiousness and perception of citizen's flood disaster preparedness. The aim of such research was a scientific explanation of relationships of these characteristics and the perception. Bearing in mind all local communities in Serbia, where floods occurred or there is a high risk of flooding, the sample including 19 of 150 municipalities and 23 towns was randomly selected, as well as the city of Belgrade, where 2,500 persons were surveyed in 2015. The research included the following communities: Obrenovac, Šabac, Kruševac, Kragujevac, Sremska Mitrovica, Priboj, Batočina, Svilajnac, Lapovo, Paraćin, Smederevska Palanka, Jaša Tomić, Loznica, Bajina Bašta, Smederevo, Novi Sad, Kraljevo, Rekovac and Užice. The research of selected communities was undertaken in the areas which were most affected in relation to the amount of water or potential risk of flooding. The survey used strategy of testing in households with the use of a multistage random sample. The parts in the administrative headquarters, which were threatened by hundred-year-old water or a potential risk of high water were determined in the first stage. In the second stage streets and their parts were established, and in the third stage the households in which the survey was conducted were determined. The number of households was coordinated with the size of the community. The fourth stage of sampling referred to the procedure of respondent selection within previously defined household. The respondent selection was conducted using a random sampling method on the adult household members, who were present at the time of the survey. The results indicate that there is a statistically significant correlation level of religiosity with perception in terms of citizens' preparedness to respond. The research results can contribute to the improvement of citizens' preparedness to respond to such events and can be used to develop the strategy for enhancement of the level of citizens' preparedness to respond
Fires as threatening security phenomenon: factors of influence on knowledge about fires
Get PDFThis paper presents the results of quantitative research of factors influencingknowledge and perceptions of students about fire as threatening security phenomenon. Applying a multi-stage sample 3063 students from 13 secondary schools in the city of Belgrade was interviewed. Descriptive statistical analysis shows that in contrast to the 95.4% of respondents who said they knew, only 63.6% really knows what is a fire.Oonly 57.1% of respondents will react in a proper way. The results of inferential statistical analysis shows that the perception of students knowledge on fires significantly affect gender, education of father and mother, parents' employment, information via television, Internet and video games. On the other hand, the objective knowledge on fires affect gender, education of father and mother, information via television, radioand the Internet. Finally, it was found that the knowledge of proper ways to react when fire happened is not significantly affected by gender and way of information via television, but affected by age, education of father and mother, parents employment, information via Internet, video games and radio. Developing students security culture in relation to a fire as a threatening security phenomenon in many ways can mitigate the consequences of such events. The research results can be used as a starting point in designing the educational programs of students about fires
Savremeno tumačenje pojma nacionalna logistika
Get PDFThere are many essentially similar interpretations of the concept of logistics in contemporary science. Interpretations are primarily concerned with the economic aspect and purpose of logistics. Definitions differ only according to the number of processes that are included or the way in which they could be managed. The similar situation is with the definitions of military logistics although they encompass greater number of various processes. There are not many definitions of national logistics in literature. Once definitions are found, they are related to national support to economy. In order to bridge the gap between the concept of logistics in the economic aspect and for the purpose of meeting logistical needs of the people, the armed forces, security sector and others involved in crises situations, the necessary coverage and content of the concept of national logistics in the broader sense has been reached on the basis of analysis of literature, relevant factors and their mutual relations. The research of the meaning of the concept has been done for the utmost practical reason - explanation of the importance and coverage of something that has to be managed in practice, that requires development of an appropriate strategy, planning, organising and developing regulatory framework in order to better prepare a country for the inevitable occurrence of crises situations and effective and efficient response in such case.Postoji mnogo, po suštini sličnih tumačenja pojma logistika u savremenoj nauci. Tumačenja prvenstveno tretiraju privredni aspekt i svrhu logistike. Definicije se razlikuju samo prema broju procesa koji su obuhvaćeni ili načinu kako bi se njima moglo upravljati. Slično je i sa definicijama vojne logistike i ako one obuhvataju veći broj različitih procesa. U literaturi se ne može naći veliki broj definicija nacionalne logistike. I kada se nađu, one se odnose na nacionalnu podršku privredi. Zbog premošćavanja jaza između poimanja logistike u privrednom smislu i smislu zadovoljavanja logističkih potreba naroda, vojske, bezbednosnih i drugih angažovanih sastava u kriznim situacijama, a na osnovu analize literature, relevantnih činilaca i međusobnih odnosa došlo se do neophodnog obuhvata i sadržaja pojma nacionalne logistike u širem smislu. Istraživanje značenja pojma rađeno je iz krajnje praktičnog razloga - objašnjavanja značaja i obuhvata nečega čime u praksi treba upravljati, za šta treba koncipirati odgovarajuću strategiju, planirati, organizovati i razviti regulatorni okvir kako bi se zemlja bolje pripremila za neumitni dolazak kriznih situacija i efektivan i efikasan odgovor u tom slučaju
Nacionalni interesi Republike Srbije: analiza ekspozea mandatara Vlade od 2007. do 2017. godine
Get PDFIn previous research we were dealing with the national interest as an analytical concept, where we gave a detailed review of different relevant authors’ perspectives about the concept of national interest, and provided with suggestions for the analysis of the national interests of the Republic of Serbia, through analysis of the National Security Strategy, analysis of keynote addresses of Prime Minister nominees, and analysis of statements from official Government representatives. We also gave a review of two most common tools for analysis of national interests – matrices developed by Joseph Frankel and Donald E. Nuechterlein in 1970s, and we focused on Nuechterlein’s division of national interest by two criteria. The first one identifies basic interests of one state (defense, economy, world order, and ideology), and the second one identifies the intensity of the former (existential, vital, major, and peripheral). In this paper, we analyzed the national interest of the Republic of Serbia in a manner stated through keynote addresses (Government programmes) of Prime Minister Nominees from 2071 to 2017, which included eight Programmes overall. The main objective of this paper was to test the cognitive potential of the national interest, with the basic hypothesis that the national interest of small states is linked with the so-called “hard core of national interest” as implied by the Realists (Morgenthau), which is related to the issues of survival. First we gave a review of the thematization of small states in Realist literature, where we recognized the key period when small states became a focus of research for several theorists (Robert Rothstein, Annette B. Fox, Robert O. Keohane, Peter R. Baehr, Miriam F. Elman, and Kenneth Waltz). Then we gave a brief recapitulation of the importance of national interest as an analytical concept, with an end view of Frankel’s and Nuechterlein’s contribution to the development of its analytical potential. We have chosen the Nuechterlein’s matrix, so that our scope for analysis was the Adjusted Nuechterlein’s matrix – the world order interests for great powers were reduced to the level of regions for small states. In case of Serbia, it is the “Western Balkans” and Europe. The Adjusted Nuechterlein matrix was then applied to operationalized structure of these addresses (Programmes). We conducted the qualitative analysis of the Keynote addresses’ content, firstly through the list of priorities given, then through the analysis of how the author of the Programme labeled specific issue (“of high priority”, “of utmost importance”, etc.), and lastly, in what context the expression “national interest” have been used. In the analysis of the national interest of the Republic of Serbia through Government programmes, we considered the following conditions: the state strength through small states concept in International Relations theories, and the specificities of the Republic of Serbia in relation to immediate (“Western Balkans”) and wider (European) environment. Our findings showed us that there are two regularly mentioned priorities of the highest intensity (existential interests): Kosovo and Metohija, and the process of accession to the European Union, with a few more priorities only once mentioned as the highest ones – demographical issue and energy security. Combined existential and vital included the fight against organized crime and corruption, economic recovery, and the improvement of relations with neighboring countries. Our conclusion is that existential interests are primarily focused on values related to survival, which is in accordance with the Realist “hard core of international relations”