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Investigation of cross-cultural scents in the context of heuristic and sensory experiences by sensory ethnography method
No full textSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Resim Ana Bilim Dalı, Resim Bilim DalıDuyusal etnografi yöntemi klasik yöntemlerden ayrılarak kültürü anlamanın yeni yollarını duyusal ve sezgisel yollarla araştırmaya dâhil etmektedir. Duyularımız ile elde ettiğimiz her türlü deneyim duyusal etnografinin kaynağını oluşturmaktadır. Öznel ve sanatsal sorgulama temelli bir yaklaşım sunarak araştırma sürecinde elde edilen farklı sanatsal çalışmaların incelemeleri ve koku alma deneyimleri bu çalışmada araştırmacı tarafından 'günlük deneyimlerin duyusal ve sezgisel yollarla araştırılması' bağlamında otoetnografik yöntem ile soruşturulmuştur. Araştırmacının kendi yaşamını araştırma sürecine dâhil etmesiyle yeni, sorgulayıcı ve yorumlayıcı bir kavrayış oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada araştırmacı öncelikli olarak duyusal etnografi, sezgisel yaklaşım ve koku duyusu hakkında derinlemesine bir alan yazın incelemesi yapılmıştır. Daha sonra araştırmacının deneyimlerinin öznel sorgulamasının ardından konuyla ilgili sanatçılar ve sanat eserleri incelenmiş ve okuyucuya sunulmuştur. Araştırma bulgularında otoetnografik sorgulama ile araştırmacının günlük deneyimlerinden elde ettiği notları, çizimleri ve eserleri koku duyusu ile temellendirdiği sorgulama süreci içinde otoetnografik bir yaklaşımla yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda araştırmacının duyuları yoluyla elde ettiği verilerin eserlerine yansıdığı görülmüştür. Araştırma sonunda bireyin içinde bulunduğu ortamı merakı ve bitmeyen bilinmezlik halinin sanatçının yaratıcılık seviyesini arttırdığı ve sanat eserlerinde sezgisel, kültürel ve duyusal yaklaşımla sorgulamanın araştırmacıyı farklı malzeme, renk ve mekân arayışına yönlendirdiği görülmüştür. Deneyimlerini sorgulayan ve farkındalığını arttırarak duyularına ve sezgilerine güvenen sanatçıların üretkenliklerinin arttığı, dil ile ifadenin mümkün olmadığı sezgisel süreçlerini sanat yoluyla dışa aktarmalarının, onları geliştirerek farklı sanatsal yaklaşımlar geliştirmelerine destek sağladığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Duyusal etnografi, sezgisel düşünme, otoetnografi, koku duyusu, koku sanatıThe sensory ethnography method separates the culture from classical methods and integrates new ways of understanding culture into the research by sensory and intuitive ways. All the experiences we get with our senses are the source of sensory ethnography. In this study, it was investigated by the researcher with autoethnographic method within the framework of "investigating daily experiences in sensory and intuitive ways" by offering a subjective and artistic inquiry-based perspective. As the researcher involves his/her own life in the study, a new, questioning, and interpretative understanding is developed. In the beginning, a literature review on sensory ethnography, heuristics and the sense of smell was conducted in detail. Subsequently, after a subjective questioning of the researcher's experiences, artists and artworks related to the subject are analyzed and introduced to the reader. Afterwards, through autoethnographic questioning, the notes, drawings and artworks obtained from the researcher's daily experiences were evaluated with an autoethnographic perspective within the questioning process based on the sense of smell. At the end of the research, it was observed that the data obtained by the researcher through his/her senses were mirrored in his/her works. The results of the study reveal that the curiosity of the environment and the never-ending state of obscurity increase the creativity level of the artist and that questioning through an intuitive, cultural, and sensory perspective in artworks guides the researcher to seek different materials, colors, and spaces. It has been concluded that the productivity of artists who question their experiences and rely on their emotions and intuition by raising their awareness increases, and that conveying their intuitive experiences through art, which cannot be articulated in language, helps them to develop different artistic perspectives. Keywords: Sensory ethnography, intuitive thinking, autoethnography, sense of smell, scent ar
Step-stress life-testing under tampered random variable modeling for Weibull distribution in presence of competing risk data
No full textIn this paper, we have considered the classical and Bayesian inference of the unknown parameters of the lifetime distribution based on the observations obtained from a simple step-stress life-testing (SSLT) experiment and when more than one cause of failures are observed. We have used the Tampered Random Variable (TRV) approach. The main advantage of the TRV approach is that it can be easily extended to a multiple step-stress model as well as for different lifetime distributions. In this paper, it is assumed that the lifetime of the experimental units at each stress level follows Weibull distribution with the same shape parameter and different scale parameters. Further, we have introduced different tempering co-efficient for different causes of failures. The maximum likelihood estimators and the associated asymptotic confidence intervals are obtained based on Type-II censored observations. Further, we have considered the Bayesian inference of the unknown model parameters based on a fairly general class prior distributions. An extensive simulation study is performed to examine the performances of the proposed method, and the analysis of a real data set has been provided to show how the method can be used in practice. We have compared the TRV model with some of the other existing models, and the TRV model provides a better fit in terms of information theoretic criteria. We have also provided some optimality criteria, to determine the optimal stress change time and some sensitivity analyses have been performed. Most of the methods can be extended for other lifetime distributions also
Left atrial function index and left atrial electromechanical functions in anxiety disorders
No full textBackgroundThere is a close linkage between anxiety disorders (ADs), and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to investigate left atrial function index (LAFI) and its components, LA mechanical functions and atrial conduction times in AD patients and age- and gender-matched control group patients for the first time in the literature.MethodsA total of 48 AD patients and 33 healthy subjects were enrolled to the study prospectively. Echocardiographic parameters including two-dimensional conventional echocardiography, diastolic functions, LA mechanical functions, LAFI, atrial conduction times and atrial electromechanical delay (AEMD) were calculated.ResultsThe velocity-time integral of the LV outflow tract (LVOT-VTI), LAFI and LA conduit volume were significantly lower in AD patients. Atrial electromechanical coupling as established from lateral mitral annulus (PA lateral) was significantly higher in AD group than control group. Inter-AEMD and left intra-AEMD were also higher in AD group compared to control group. Age, gender, body surface area (BSA), conduit volume, LVOT-VTI and LAFI were significant factors associated with AD in univariate analysis. However, only BSA and LVOT-VTI (Odds ratio [OR]: 0.79, 95 CI%: 0.66-0.95, p = 0.013) were independently associated with AD in multivariate analysis. Age, gender, conduit volume and LAFI (OR: 0.25, 95 CI%: 0.03-2.12, p = 0.204) were not found to be independent associates of AD.ConclusionLAFI is impaired in patients suffering from AD compared to their age- and gender-matched counterparts but this impairment originates from lower levels of LVOT-VTI calculations in AD patients. Thus, LVOT-VTI, but not LAFI, is independently associated with AD
Pose, solve and pose cycle: an examination on the change of pre-service mathematics teachers' problem-posing performances
No full textWe designed a programme consisting of initial problem posing related to a problem about oil drums, teaching activities to solve the problem and further problem posing to investigate the change in pre-service mathematics teachers' problem-posing performances and the potential role of teaching activities in these performances. The participants' problem-posing fluency and flexibility scores showed statistically significant improvement over the course of the cycle. Although there was an improvement in problem-posing rarity scores, it was not statistically significant. Understanding the visual model and discovering the geometric properties of the problem were identified as categories that were effective in improving the participants' performances
Effect of Boron and its Influence on Mechanically Alloyed FeCo Nanocrystals
No full textThis study investigates the effect of adding boron as a ternary addition to binary FeCo alloys. Fe-Co-B ternary alloys with varying boron concentrations between 0 and 2 wt% were synthesized through mechanical alloying. The study aims to analyze the structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of the Fe-Co alloy matrix with the inclusion of boron. The XRD results showed a single solid solution phase of Fe-bcc structure for all alloys, regardless of the boron concentration. It was seen that the low solubility of boron in Fe-Co caused the formation of hard structures at the grain boundaries, resulting in an increase in hardness with an increase in boron concentration. On the other hand, a decreasing trend was observed in coercivity, which is ascribed to the formation of FeB at the grain boundaries, as proved from XRD analysis. An increase in boron concentration did not seem to significantly affect the saturation magnetization, which remained in the range of 190 +/- 10 emu/g for all Fe-Co-B alloys. The experimental data was cross checked and further insights were gained; DFT calculations were performed using Vienna Ab Initio Simulation Package
Marginal fit and fracture resistance of polyetheretherketone, zirconia, and titanium implant-supported prosthesis frameworks for a partially edentulous arch after thermomechanical aging
No full textStatement of problem. Although polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and zirconia (Zir) have been used as implant-supported prosthesis (ISP) frameworks, the long-term effects of thermomechanical aging on the marginal fit and fracture resistance of PEEK and Zir ISP frameworks with titanium (Ti) bases for patients with a partially edentulous arch are not clear. Purpose. The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the marginal fit and fracture resistance of PEEK and Zir ISP frameworks with Ti bases and Ti ISP frameworks for partially edentulous arches after aging. Material and methods. A total of 30 ISP epoxy resin casts were obtained from a typodont with 1 straight implant (Nobel Biocare) in the mandibular right canine region and 1 implant with a 30-degree distal tilt in the mandibular right first molar region. All frameworks (n=10) were fabricated on their own epoxy resin cast with multiunit abutment replicas by using a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing system (exocad-Yenadent). The PEEK and Zir frameworks were fabricated with Ti-bases. Primer (MKZ) and resin cement (DTK adhesive) were used to cement the frameworks to the Ti-bases under a static load of 10 N. After thermomechanical aging (1.2x10(6) cycles, 120 N, 5 degrees C-55 degrees C), marginal gaps between the Ti-bases and cemented frameworks and vertical and passive fits between the Ti-bases and framework and multi-unit abutments were measured by using a stereomicroscope (Euromex) at x100 magnification. Fracture resistances and types were then determined by using a universal test machine and a stereomicroscope at x40 magnification. Data were analyzed by using 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey HSD and Fisher-Freeman-Halton tests (alpha=.05). Results. The marginal gaps of the PEEK and Zir frameworks were respectively 83.5 +/- 27.1 and 81.8 +/- 17.8 pm. PEEK (23.7 +/- 4.6) and Zir (32.9 +/- 8.7) had a better vertical fit (pm) than Ti (52.5 +/- 10.6) (P.05) frameworks had better passive fit (pm) than Ti (91.3 +/- 24.2). Ti had the highest mean fracture resistance (N) (14800.2 +/- 3442.3) followed by Zir (7318.7 +/- 1385.1) and PEEK (3448.9 +/- 486.6) (P<.001). Fracture types were different in different groups (P<.001). Conclusions. The PEEK and Zir frameworks with Ti bases had better vertical and passive fit than the Ti frameworks. All ISP frameworks represented mean marginal fit below 92 pm and withstood physiologic occlusal forces after thermomechanical aging
Role of Microplastics in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Without Nasal Polyps
No full textObjective: We aimed to examine the relationship between chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps and microplastics. Methods: A total of 80 patients participated in this prospectively planned study. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 had 50 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps, whereas Group 2 had 30 healthy volunteers. The age and gender of the participants were noted. Nose Obstruction Symptom Evaluation questionnaire was applied to the patients. The patients performed nasal lavage with saline. Microplastics were examined in the collected nasal lavage fluids, and their numbers were noted. The groups were compared on these values. Results: The mean age was 38.06 +/- 14.15 years in the chronic rhinosinusitis group without nasal polyps and 33.60 +/- 11.68 years in the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age and gender. There was a significant difference in the number of microplastics between the chronic rhinosinusitis group without nasal polyps and the control group (p < 0.001). Microplastics were detected in all participants. Conclusions: We found more microplastics in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps. According to this result, we can say that there may be a relationship between chronic rhinosinusitis and microplastics
The effects of non-pharmacological interventions used during the COVİD-19 pandemic on viral respiratory infections in newborns during and after the pandemic
No full textTıp Fakültesi, Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Ana Bilim DalıYenidoğan döneminde viral solunum yolu enfeksiyonları, hastane yatış oranlarının yüksekliği ve yarattıkları mortalite ve morbidite nedeniyle önemli bir sağlık problemidir. Covid-19 pandemisindeki Farmakolojik Olmayan Müdahaleler (FOM) nedeniyle değişen solunum yolu virüslerinin yayılım ve şiddetinin yenidoğan bebekler üzerindeki etkileri ile ilgili veriler gerek ülkemizde gerek dünyada oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu araştırmada ülkemizde FOM uygulamaları ile birlikte ve sonrasında yenidoğanlarda solunum yolu virüslerinin dağılımı, görülme sıklığı, solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarının klinik seyri ve bu süreçteki viral solunum yolu etkenlerindeki değişiklikler belgelenerek FOM'ların yenidoğanın solunum yolu enfeksiyonları üzerine etkinliğini karşılaştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Retrospektif, klinik ve tanımlayıcı bir araştırma olarak planlanan bu çalışmaya Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi, Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi, Yenidoğan ve Çocuk Acil Polikliniklerine Ekim 2020 ile Ekim 2023 tarihleri arasında üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonu (ÜSYE) veya alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonu (ASYE) semptomları ile başvuran ve reel time PCR testi ile viral etken tespit edilen yenidoğanlar dahil edildi. Toplanan veriler FOM'ların yoğun olarak uygulandığı Ekim 2020 – Ekim 2021 (Dönem 1) dönemi, FOM'ların kısmen gevşetildiği Ekim 2021 – Ekim 2022 (Dönem 2) dönemi, FOM'ların kaldırıldığı Ekim 2022 – Ekim 2023 (Dönem 3) dönemi olacak şekilde 3 dönemde incelendi. Çalışma döneminde kriterlere uyan ve gerçek zamanlı PCR tetkiki gönderilen toplam 129 olgu mevcuttu. Gerçek zamanlı PCR sonucuna göre viral ajan 100 olguda saptandı. Çalışma grubuna dahil olan hastaların çalışma dönemlerine göre dağılımı incelendiğinde; Dönem 1, 2, 3'te sırasıyla 5 (%5), 41 (%41), 54 (%54) hasta dönemlere dahil oldu (p:0.001). En sık görülen viral ajan RSV idi (n:38, %35). Dönem 1'de RSV PCR pozitif olgu saptanmaz iken dönem 2 ve 3'te sırasıyla 13 (%28) ve 25 (%44) RSV PCR pozitif olgu tespit edildi. İkinci sık görülen viral ajan olan rinovirüs/enterovirüs dağılımı dönemler arasında benzerdi seasons (Dönem 1: %40, Dönem 2: %32, Dönem 3: %30). Dönem 2'de RSV Kasım 2021 ve Ocak 2022 arasında, Dönem 3'te ise Ekim 2022 ile Mart 2022 arasında tespit edilmiştir. Dönem 1'de rinovirüs/enterovirüs Mart ile Ağustos 2021 arasında görüldü. Dönem 2'de Kasım 2021 ile Eylül 2022 arasında tespit edilmiş, Dönem 3'te ise Ekim 2022 ile Mayıs 2023 arasında tespit edilmiştir. Viral ajan tespit edilen olguların %68'i ASYE tanısı aldı. RSV tespit edilenlerde ASYE %97.4 iken rinovirüs/enterovirüs olgularının %53'ünde ASYE tespit edildi. Dönemler arasında prematürite (p:0,005), risk faktörü olması (p:0,003), aile solunum semptomu öyküsü olması (p:0,003), ASYE olan hasta oranı (p:0,001) ve hastane yatış oranı (p:0,001) dönem 1 de istatiksel olarak anlamlı yüksek saptanmıştır. İnhale steroid (p:0,018), inhale salbutamol (p:0,001) kullanımı ve non-invaziv mekanik ventilasyon uygulaması (p:0,049) yönünden ise istatistiksel olarak dönem 3'te yüksek saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak FOM'ların sıkı uygulandığı dönemlerde özellikle prematüre gibi riskli gruplarda enfeksiyon ihtimali yüksek olsa da, FOM'ların esnetilmesi ile birlikte tüm yenidoğanlarda viral enfeksiyon görülme sıklığı artmıştır. FOM'ların sıkı uygulandığı dönemde özellikle RSV ve influenza etkeni hiç tespit edilmemiş ve FOM'ların gevşetilmesi ile birlikte özellikle RSV etkeninin görülme sıklığı ve klinik şiddeti artmıştır. Mevsimsel dağılım gösteren solunum yolu enfeksiyonları FOM'ların esnetilmesi ile farklı mevsimsel dağılıma sahip olmuştur ancak özellikle RSV FOM'ların tamamen ortadan kaldırıldığı dönemde pandemi öncesi döneme benzer bir mevsimsel dağılım ortaya koymuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, Yenidoğan, Farmakolojik Olmayan Müdahaleler, Respiratuar Sinsityal Virüs, Rinovirüs, Solunum yolu Enfeksiyonu, Viral BronşiolitViral respiratory infections in newborns are a major public health problem due to high hospitalization rates and associated mortality and morbidity. Limited data exist on the impact of non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) implemented during the Covid-19 pandemic on the incidence and severity of respiratory viruses in newborns, both nationally and globally. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of NPIs in reducing neonatal respiratory infections by documenting viral distribution, incidence rates, clinical outcomes, and changes in viral pathogens during and after NPI implementation in our country. Newborns with the symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) or lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in which viral agents detected via real-time PCR between October 2020 and October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed in Neonatal outpatient or Pediatric Emergency clinics of the University Hospital of Kirıkkale Medical School. Data were analyzed in three different periods: October 2020 - October 2021 (Season 1, strict NPIs), October 2021 - October 2022 (Season 2, partially removed NPIs) and October 2022 - October 2023 (Season 3, fully removed NPIs). During the study period, 129 eligible newborns underwent real-time PCR testing and viral agents were detected in 100 infants. RSV was found to be the most frequent viral agent (n:38, 35%) during the whole study period. There was no infant with RSV in Season 1. RSV was detected in 28% and 44% of infants in Seasons 2 and 3, respectively. Rhinovirus/enterovirus was the second most common agent. The distribution of rhinovirus/enterovirus between the seasons is %40 in Season 1, %32 in Season 2, and %30 in Season 3. In Season 2, RSV was detected between November 2021 and January 2022, and in Season 3, between October 2022 and March 2022. In Season 1, rhinovirus/enterovirus was detected between March and August 2021; in Season 2, between November 2021 and September 2022; and in Season 3, between October 2022 and May 2023. Of the cases in which a viral agent was detected, 68% were diagnosed with LRTI. RSV was the predominant agent (97.4%) compared to rhinovirus/enterovirus (53%). Between seasons, prematurity (p:0.005), presence of risk factors (p:0.003), family history of respiratory symptoms (p:0.003), rate of patients with LRTI (p:0.001), and hospitalization rate (p:0.001) were significantly higher in Season 1. The use of inhaled steroids (p:0.018), inhaled salbutamol (p:0.001), and non-invasive mechanical ventilation (p:0.049) were significantly higher in Season 3. In conclusion, with the removal of NPIs, the incidence of viral infections in term infants has increased significantly. While RSV and influenza agents were not detected during the season under strict implementation of NPIs, the incidence and clinical severity of RSV increased with the withdrawal of NPIs. Respiratory infections showed a seasonality difference from their classical seasonal distribution due to the strict implementation and subsequent removal of NPIs. RSV had a shorter seasonality with the partial removal of NPIs. In the period when NPIs were fully removed, there was a seasonal distribution similar to the pre-pandemic period. Keywords: Covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, Neonatal, Non-Pharmacological Interventions, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Rhinovirus, Respiratory Tract Infection, Viral Bronchioliti
Investigation of the validity and reliability of the 3-meter backward walk test in high functional level adults with lower limb amputation
No full textBackground: Backward walk training has an important place in the rehabilitation programs of lower extremity amputees. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the test-retest validity and reliability of the 3-meter backward walk test (3MBWT), minimal detectable change, and the cutoff time in high functional level adults with lower limb amputations (LLAs). Adults with LLA (n = 30) and healthy adults (n = 29) were included in the study. Study design: This is a randomized cross-sectional study. Methods: The Modified Fall Efficacy Score, Rivermead Mobility Index, and Timed Up and Go test with the 3MBWT were used to evaluate the concurrent validity of the test. The second evaluation (retest) was performed by the same physiotherapist 1 week following the first evaluation (test). The validity was assessed by correlating the 3MBWT times with the scores of other measures and by comparing the 3MBWT times between adults with LLA and healthy adults. Results: Test-retest reliability of the 3MBWT was excellent. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the 3MBWT was 0.950. The standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change values were 0.38 and 0.53, respectively. A moderate correlation was found between the 3MBWT, Modified Fall Efficacy Score, Timed Up and Go test, and Rivermead Mobility Index (p < 0.001). Significant differences in the 3MBWT times were found between adults with LLA and healthy controls (p < 0.001). The cutoff time of 3.11 s discriminates healthy adults from high functional level adults with LLA. Conclusions: The 3MBWT was determined to be valid, reliable, and easy-to-apply tool in high functional level adults with LLA. This assessment is a useful and practical measurement for dynamic balance in high functional level adults with LLA
Marginal Maternal Zinc Deficiency Produces Liver Damage and Altered Zinc Transporter Expression in Offspring Male Rats
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate how zinc deficiency and supplementation affect liver markers including autotaxin, kallistatin, endocan, and zinc carrier proteins ZIP14 and ZnT9 in rats exposed to maternal zinc deficiency. Additionally, the study aimed to assess liver tissue damage through histological examination. A total of forty male pups were included in the research, with thirty originating from mothers who were given a zinc-deficient diet (Groups 1, 2, and 3), and the remaining ten born to mothers fed a standard diet (Group 4). Subsequently, Group 1 was subjected to a zinc-deficient diet, Group 2 received a standard diet, Group 3 received zinc supplementation, and Group 4 served as the control group without any supplementation. Upon completion of the experimental phases of the study, all animals were sacrificed under general anesthesia, and samples of liver tissue were obtained. The levels of autotaxin, kallistatin, endocan, ZIP 14, and ZnT9 in these liver tissue samples were determined using the ELISA technique. In addition, histological examination was performed to evaluate tissue damage in the liver samples. In the group experiencing zinc deficiency, both endocan and autotaxin levels increased compared to the control group. With zinc supplementation, the levels of endocan and autotaxin returned to the values observed in the control group. Similarly, the suppressed levels of kallistatin, ZIP14, and ZnT9 observed in the zinc deficiency group were reversed with zinc supplementation. Likewise, the reduced levels of kallistatin, ZIP14, and ZnT9 seen in the zinc deficiency group were rectified with zinc supplementation. Moreover, the application of zinc partially ameliorated the heightened liver tissue damage triggered by zinc deficiency. This study is the pioneering one to demonstrate that liver tissue dysfunction induced by a marginal zinc-deficient diet in rats with marginal maternal zinc deficiency can be alleviated through zinc supplementation.Scientific Research Projects Coordinatorship of Selcuk University (SUBAPK) [20401093]This study was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordinatorship of Selcuk University (SUBAPK; project no. 20401093