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School-based psychosocial and educational interventions for children and adolescents after the 1999 Marmara earthquakes in Turkey: A review on lessons learned
No full textThe massive earthquakes experienced in August and November 1999 affected thousands of people in the Marmara region, the most densely populated and industrialized part of Turkey. The humanitarian and economic cost was so enormous, and these earthquakes have changed the Turkish disaster management system and the Turkish people's approach to disasters. Marmara earthquakes are also considered as a milestone in the provision of psychosocial services for disaster victims. This paper aims to review the psychosocial interventions targeting children, adolescents, and their families after the 1999 earthquakes in Turkey. The progression from initial responses to more organized psychosocial interventions is outlined. Conducting the interventions at schools has ensured that thousands of children, teachers, and parents are reached in the most efficient and effective way possible. The significance of the school context in designing psychosocial interventions is highlighted and implications of the lessons learned for traumatic experiences of children and parents are also explored. It is evaluated that these inferences obtained from the Marmara earthquake in Turkey can be used in disasters around the world
U2-Net Segmentation And Multi-Label Cnn Classification Of Wheat Varieties
No full textThere are many varieties of wheat grown around the world. In addition, they have different physiological states such as vitreous and yellow berry. These reasons make it difficult to classify wheat by experts. In this study, a workflow was carried out for both segmentation of wheat according to its vitreous/yellow berry grain status and classification according to variety. Unlike previous studies, automatic segmentation of wheat images was carried out with the U2-NET architecture. Thus, roughness and shadows on the image are minimized. This increased the level of success in classification. The newly proposed CNN architecture is run in two stages. In the first stage, wheat was sorted as vitreous-yellow berry. In the second stage, these separated wheats were grouped by multi-label classification. Experimental results showed that the accuracy for binary classification was 98.71% and the multi-label classification average accuracy was 89.5%. The results showed that the proposed study has the potential to contribute to making the wheat classification process more reliable, effective, and objective by helping the experts
Zincir Marketlerde Stok Yönetiminde Fire Oranlarının Azaltılması: Ankara İlinde Bir Uygulama
No full textAmaç: Zincir marketlerde tarihi geçmemiş, kaliteli, tüketici taleplerine uygun ürünlerin doğru yer ve zamanda tüketicilere sunulması amaçlanmaktadır. Doğru stok yönetimi stratejisiyle tüketici memnuniyetinin sağlanması ve zincir marketlere rekabet üstünlüğü, sürdürülebilirlik ve verimlilik avantajının sağlanması hedeflenmektedir. Fire oranlarının en aza indirilerek ürün israfının engellenmesi, marketlerde maliyetlerin azaltılması ve müşterilere kaliteli ürünlerin sağlanması çalışmanın amaçları arasında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada kullanılan parametreler diğer zincir marketler için örnek yol gösterici bir çalışma olacaktır. Yöntem: Yapılan çalışma kapsamında, zincir marketlerde stok yönetimi için kriterlerin ağırlıklandırılması ve fire oranlarının en aza indirilmesi için yapılacak faaliyetlerin sıralanmasında Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Uzman görüşü ile elde edilen kriterler Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) ile ağırlıklandırılmış ardından belirlenmiş olan stratejilerin önceliklendirilmesinde Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to An Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) yöntemi kullanılarak çözüm bulunmuştur Bulgular: Zincir marketlerde fireye sebep olan ağırlığı en yüksek kriter “Talep Düşüklüğü” olmuştur. Bu kriterler sırasıyla “Depo Kapasitesi”, “Raf Ömrü”, “Konum”, “Müşteri Özellikleri”, “Lojistik ve Kontrol Eksikliği” olarak belirlenmiştir. Kriterler dahilinde oluşturulan stratejilerden en etkili stratejinin “Doğru Zamanda İndirim Kampanyaları” olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Özgünlük: Bu çalışma bir zincir markette fire oranlarını azaltmaya yöneliktir. Yapılan literatür araştırması sonucunda zincir market içerisinde uygulama yapılarak stok yönetimi kriterlerinin belirlendiği ve fire oranlarının azaltılması için yapılacak faaliyetlerin sıralanmasını içeren sınırlı sayıda çalışmaya rastlanmıştır. Bu nokta çalışmaya özgün değer katmış, çalışmayı bu alanda önemli kılmıştır
Hippocampal ZnT3 (SLC30A3) Levels Reflect Hippocampal Tissue Damage in Chronic Exercising Diabetic Rats
No full textObjective: In this study, it was investigated how chronic exercise affects hippocampus tissue damage and ZnT3 levels in diabetic rats. Methods: The 40 adult rats were used in the study were divided into 4 equal groups: Control (G1), Exercise Control (G2), Diabetes (G3), Diabetes+Exercise (G4). Diabetes was induced in animals in G3 and G4 by injecting intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) twice, 24 hours apart. The animals in G2 and G4 were runed on the rat treadmill for 45 minutes daily for 4 weeks. MDA (spectrophotometric method) and ZnT3 (ELISA method) levels were determined in hippocampus tissue samples obtained from animals sacrificed at the end of the experimental procedures.Results: In the current study, the highest MDA and lowest ZnT3 levels in the hippocampus tissue were obtained in the diabetes group (G3) (P<0.05). Chronic exercise prevented increased hippocampal tissue damage in diabetic rats and reversed decreased ZnT3 levels (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of our study showed that 4 weeks of chronic exercise could be prevent increased tissue damage in the hippocampus tissue of diabetic rats and ameliorate the decreased ZnT3 levels. The data obtained in this study indicate that ZnT3 levels in diabetic rats may be an indicator of hippocampal tissue damage.Scientific Research Projects Coordinatorship of Selcuk University [18202032]Funding: This study was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordinatorship of Selcuk University (SUBAPK; project no. 18202032)
Effects of combined aerobic and resistance training on glycemic control, blood pressure, in fl ammation, cardiorespiratory fi tness and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground: Structured aerobic or resistance training alone seems to be a bene fi cial tool for improving glucose homeostasis, chronic systemic in fl ammation, resting cardiovascular function, and mental health in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the present study was to synthesize the available data on the effectiveness of combined aerobic and resistance training (CART) on glycemic control, blood pressure, in fl ammation, cardiorespiratory fi tness (CRF), and quality of life (QoL) in overweight and obese individuals with T2DM. Methods: A database search was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from inception up to May 2023. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess eligible studies, and the GRADE method to evaluate the reliability of evidence. A random-effects model was used, and data were analyzed using standardized mean differences and 95% con fi dence intervals. The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (ID: CRD42022355612). Results: A total of 21,612 studies were retrieved; 20 studies were included, and data were extracted from 1,192 participants (mean age: 57 +/- 7 years) who met the eligibility criteria. CART demonstrated signi fi cant improvements in body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, C -reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor -alpha, interleukin-6, CRF, and QoL compared to ST. These fi ndings highlight the signi fi cance of exercise interventions such as CART as essential elements within comprehensive diabetes management strategies, ultimately enhancing overall health outcomes in individuals with T2DM and overweight/ obesity.No differences were found in resting heart rate between CART and ST. An uncertain risk of bias and poor quality of evidence were found among the eligible studies. Conclusion: These outcomes show clear evidence considering the positive role of CART in inducing bene fi cial changes in various cardiometabolic and mental health -related indicators in patients with T2DM and concurrent overweight/obesity. More studies with robust methodological design are warranted to examine the dose -response relationship, training parameters con fi guration, and mechanisms behind these positive adaptations.Universiti Sains Malaysia [304]Funding This work was supported by the Universiti Sains Malaysia (Grant No. 304.PPSP.6315639) . The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
Investigation of The Effect of Mechanical Vibration Applied During Solidification on The Microstructure and Properties of Aluminum 356 Alloy
No full textManufacturing by casting method in aluminum and its alloys is preferred by different industries today. It may be necessary to improve the mechanical properties of the materials according to different industries and different strength requirements. The mechanical properties of metal alloys are directly related to the microstructure grain sizes. Therefore, many grain reduction methods are used during production or heat treatment. In this study, A356 alloys were molded into molds at 750 degrees C and exposed to vibration frequency at 0, 8.33, 16.66, 25, and 33.33 Hz during solidification. Optical microscopes images were analyzed in image analysis programs to measure the grain sizes of the samples that solidified after solidification. In addition, microhardness tests of samples were carried out to examine the effect of vibration and grain reduction on mechanical behavior. In the analyzes made, it was determined that the grain sizes decreased from 54.984 to 26.958 mu m and the hardness values increased from 60.48 to 126.94 HV with increasing vibration frequency.Kirikkale University Scientific Research Fund [BAP 2020/100]The authors wish to acknowledge the financial supports of Kirikkale University Scientific Research Fund (Grant No.: BAP 2020/100)
Basic persuasion techniques used by Turkish teachers in the context of language skills
No full textSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Türkçe Eğitimi Ana Bilim Dalı, Türkçe Eğitimi Bilim DalıEğitim bir kişide istendik yönde davranış değişikliği oluşturma çabasıdır. Öğretim, eğitimin yalnızca bir parçasıdır; ancak öğretime maruz kalan kişinin davranışlarında olumlu yönde farklılıklar meydana geldiğinde eğitim hâlini alır. Çağın eğitim gerekleri, eğitim ve öğretmene yüklenen yeni anlamlar ve öğrencilerin farklılaşan ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda öğretmenin başarısı; dersi nasıl anlattığı, bilgisinin derinliği, dersteki hızı vb. noktalarla değil bildiği konuyu ne ölçüde öğrenciye geçirebildiği, öğrenciye ne derecede eğilebildiği, manevi olarak öğrenciye ne ölçüde dokunabildiği ile ölçülmektedir. O hâlde öğretim ve eğitimin yuvası olan okullarımızda özellikle de Türkçe öğretmenlerinin iletişim kabiliyetinin yüksek olması ve buna bağlı olarak aynı zamanda ikna edici yönünün de gelişmiş olması derslerin başarısının artmasında etkili olacaktır. Öyle ki ikna da tıpkı eğitimde benzer tanımlarına rastlandığı üzere; maruz kalan kişide kaynağın amaçladığı değişiminin ortaya çıkarılması çabası biçimde değerlendirilmektedir. Bu bağlamda; Türkçe öğretmenlerinin öğrenciler üzerinde, Türkçenin doğru ve etkili kullanımı vesilesiyle dört temel dil becerisini geliştirmeye yönelik bazı yöntemler geliştirdikleri söylenebilir. Bu çerçevede, çalışmada ortaokul Türkçe öğretmenlerinin öğrencileri ile iletişim kurmak ve onları ikna etmek ile alakalı değerlendirmeleri; derslerinde öğrencilerinin istendik yönde değişimlerini sağlamak amacıyla uyguladıkları ikna teknikleri saptanmaya çalışılmıştır. Aynı zamanda derste söz konusu dokuz temel ikna tekniğinin hangi konu ya da durumlarda daha çok kullanıldığı ve hangi konu ya da durumlarda daha çok fayda sağladığı tespit edilmek istenmiştir. Söz konusu tespitlerin ileride sistematik bir şekilde kullanılacak olması durumunda eğitim verenler ile eğitim alanlar arasında iletişim faaliyetlerinin düzenlenmesi ve buna bağlı olarak derslerin başarısının arttırılması mümkündür. Örneklem seçiminde "Tabakalı Örneklem Yöntemi" tercih edilmiş olup tabakalar içerisinden basit rastlantısal yöntemle belirlenen okullar üzerinde araştırma yapılmıştır. Çalışmada 2022-2023 eğitim öğretim yılında Ankara ili sınırları içerisinde 9 merkez ilçede devlete bağlı ortaokullarda aktif olarak görev yapan 30 Türkçe Öğretmeni ile görüşülmüş olup 17 görüşme geçerli kabul edilmiş ve değerlendirilmeye alınmıştır. Araştırmada grup içerisindeki bireylerin görüşlerini paylaşmaya odaklanan nitel araştırma, fenomenografi kullanılmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yöntemi ile katılımcılara sorular yönlendirilmiş olup verilen cevaplar değerlendirilmeye alınmıştır. Yapılan çalışmanın sonucunda araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılan Türk Dili öğretmenlerinin büyük çoğunluğunun iletişim ve ikna faaliyetlerini önemsediği gözlemlenmiş, gerek bilinçli gerekse bilinçsiz olarak öğrencilerine yönelik olarak Cialdini'nin ortaya atmış olduğu taktiklere uygun birçok davranış geliştirdiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Eğitim, Türkçe Öğretmeni, ikna teknikleri, Cialdini, karşılıklılık.Education is an effort to create a desired behavioral change in a person. Teaching is only one part of education; It only becomes education when positive differences occur in the behavior of the person exposed to education. The success of the teacher in line with the educational requirements of the age, the new meanings given to education and the teacher, the changing needs of the students; how he teaches the lesson, the depth of his knowledge, his speed in the lesson, etc. It's measured not by points but by how much he can convey the subject he knows to the student, how much he can lean into the student, and how much he can touch the student spiritually. Therefore, in our schools, which are the home of education and training, the high communication skills of Turkish teachers and their persuasive skills will be effective in increasing the success of the lessons. So much so that persuasion, just as similar definitions are found in education; It's evaluated as an effort to reveal the change intended by the source in the exposed person. In this context; It can be said that Turkish teachers have developed some methods to improve students' four basic language skills through the correct and effective use of Turkish. In this context, in the study, secondary school Turkish teachers' evaluations regarding communicating with their students and persuading them; An attempt was made to determine the persuasion techniques they used in their lessons to ensure that their students changed in the desired direction. At the same time, it was aimed to determine in which subjects or situations the nine basic persuasion techniques in question are used more and in which subjects or situations they are most beneficial. In case the findings in question will be used systematically in the future, it is possible to organize communication activities between educators and trainees and accordingly increase the success of the courses. "Stratified Sampling Method" was preferred in sample selection, and research was conducted on schools determined by simple random selection method within the layers. In the study, 30 Turkish teachers actively working in public secondary schools in 9 central districts within the borders of Ankara province in the 2022-2023 academic year were interviewed; 17 interviews were accepted as valid and taken into consideration. Qualitative research, phenomenography, focusing on sharing the opinions of individuals within the group, was used in the research. Questions were asked to the participants using the semi-structured interview method and the answßers given were evaluated. As a result of the study, it was observed that the majority of Turkish Language teachers who participated in the research voluntarily attach importance to communication and persuasion activities; It has been revealed that they developed many behaviors towards their students, both consciously and unconsciously, in line with the tactics put forward by Cialdini. Key words: Education, Turkish Teacher, persuasive techniques, Cialdini, reciprocity
Calculation of sigma levels of tests and regulation of internal quality control frequencies accordingly
No full textTıp Fakültesi, Tıbbi Biyokimya Ana Bilim DalıAltı sigma metodolojisi son yıllarda, klinik laboratuvarlarda test performansı ölçümünde ve kalite kontrol dizaynında sıklıkla kullanılmaya başlanan bir yöntemdir. Bu çalışmada, laboratuvarımızda çalışılan hormon grubu testlerin analitik performansları sigmametrik olarak hesaplanmış ve performans seviyelerine uygun, yeni kalite kontrol prosedürlerine geçiş yapılmıştır. Bu değişikliklerin test performanslarına olan etkilerinin görülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmamızın ilk üç ayında uzun yıllardır süregelen iç kalite kontrol (İKK) sistemi uygulanırken; serbest prostat spesifik antijen (fPSA), karsinoembriyonik antijen (CEA), alfa-fetoprotein (AFP), kortizol, progesteron, testosteron, ferritin ve B12 vitamini testlerinin sigma düzeyleri hesaplanmıştır. Daha sonra Westgard sigma kuralları doğrultusunda, bu sigma düzeylerine uygun İKK sistemlerine geçiş yapılmış, kalite kontrol sıklıkları açılmıştır. Çalışmamızın son altı ayında ise yapılan değişiklikler sonrası test performansları takip edilmiştir. Sigma hesabında kullanılan varyasyon katsayısı (CV) parametresi, İKK verilerinden elde edilirken; bias parametresi dış kalite kontrol (DKK) verilerinden elde edilmiştir. Toplam izin verilen hata (TEa) limitleri içinse Wisconsin Eyaleti Hijyen Laboratuvarı (WSLH) önerileri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmamız boyunca hesaplanan sigma düzeylerinin çok büyük çoğunluğunun altıdan büyük olduğu görülmüştür ve en düşük sigma değeri 4,44 ile AFP'ye ait bulunmuştur. İKK prosedürü değiştirilip, kalite kontrol sıklıkları açıldıktan sonra test performanslarında bariz değişiklikler olmamıştır. Bazı parametrelerin performans seviyelerinin arttığı, bazılarının azaldığı, bazılarının ise değişmediği gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca ilk üç aylık periyotta fPSA, CEA, AFP, kortizol, progesteron, testosteron parametreleri için seviye başı aylık ortalama 10 İKK çalışması yapılmışken; bu sayı son altı aylık periyotta 5,4'e gerilemiştir. Ferritin ve B12 vitamini için ilk üç aylık periyotta seviye başı aylık ortalama 35 ve 34,3 İKK çalışması yapılırken; bu sayı son altı aylık periyotta 8,3 ve 7,8'e gerilemiştir. Sonuç olarak İKK sıklığını test performansına göre ayarlayarak ve uygun kalite kontrol prosedürleri kullanarak, analitik kalitemizden ödün vermeden gereksiz para, zaman ve işgücü sarfiyatının önüne geçebiliriz.Six sigma is a method that has been frequently used in test performance measurement and quality control design in clinical laboratories in recent years. In this study, the analytical performances of the hormone group tests in our laboratory were calculated sigmametrically and new quality control procedures were implemented in accordance with the performance levels. It is aimed to see the effects of these changes on test performances. In the first three months of our study, the internal quality control (IQC) system, which has been implemented for many years, continued to be used. Sigma levels of free prostate specific antigen (fPSA), Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP), cortisol, progesterone, testosterone, ferritin and vitamin B12 tests were calculated under these conditions. Then under the guidance of Westgard sigma rules, a transition was made to IQC systems in accordance with these sigma levels, and quality control began to be carried out less frequently. In the last six months of our study, test performances were monitored after the changes made. While the coefficient of variation (CV) parameter used in the sigma calculation was obtained from IQC data; the bias parameter was obtained from external quality control data. For Total Allowable Error (TEa) limits, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene (WSLH) recommendations were used. Throughout our study, it was observed that the vast majority of calculated sigma levels were greater than six, and the lowest sigma value was found to belong to AFP with 4,44. There were no obvious changes in test performance after the IQC procedure was changed and less frequent quality control was implemented. It was observed that the performance levels of some parameters increased, some decreased, and some did not change. In addition, while an average of 10 IQC studies per level per month were performed for fPSA, CEA, AFP, cortisol, progesterone and testosterone parameters in the first three-month period; this number decreased to 5,4 in the last six-month period. While an average of 35 and 34,3 IQC per level per month were studied for ferritin and vitamin B12 in the first three-month period; this number decreased to 8,3 and 7,8 in the last six-month period. As a result, by adjusting the IQC frequency according to test performance and using appropriate quality control procedures; we can prevent waste of money, time and labor without sacrificing our analytical quality
CERASTIUM MAHMUTKILINCII (CARYOPHYLLACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM TÜRKIYE
No full textCerastium (Caryophyllaceae) is a taxonomically difficult genus of over than 100 species. The flora of T & uuml;rkiye include 30 species of Cerastium, of which 9 are endemics. A further species (Cerastium mahmutkilincii sp. nov.), belonging to sect. Cerastium subsect. Grandiflora, was proposed here based on a morphological investigation of herbarium specimens. The new species is only known from the Erbaa-Tokat region (North Anatolia) and it is similar to C. szowitsii and C. araraticum, but differs from both by the hairy filaments and sparsely glandular (eglandular hairy in both C. szowitsii and C. araraticum) and multicellular hairy stem indumentum (usually simple hairy in C. szowitsii and C. araraticum). It also differs from C. araraticum by a hairy claw at the base (glabrous in C. araraticum). Data about the ecology and phenology, as well as a identification key of the Turkish members of subsect. Grandiflora are also given; lacking sufficient data, the IUCN conservation status was assessed as DD (Data Deficient). As a result, with the new species in this article, the number of Cerastium species in T & uuml;rkiye has increased to 31 and the number of endemic taxa to 10.Sibbald Trust (Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh-RBGE)Many thanks to Sibbald Trust (Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh-RBGE) for financial support during Dr. Fergan Karaer's visit to Edinburgh in 2004-2005. We would like to thank the Ali Nihat Goekyi & gbreve;it Foundation for giving us the opportunity to work in different herbaria for the Illustrated Flora of Tuerkiye Project. We would also like to thank the herbarium managers of E, G, ISTE, ISTF, ISTO, EGE, ANK, OMUB, KATO, VANF, HARRAN, and NGBB with whom we had the opportunity to work at different times
Predictive Significance of Laboratory Tests in Bacteremic Brucellosis
No full textBackground: Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic infections. Although culture is the gold standard diagnostic method, bacterial growth in blood cultures may not always occur due to various factors. We aimed to investigate demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings that may have predictive significance for bacteremia in brucellosis. Methods: Patients older than 18 years of age followed up with a diagnosis of brucellosis between 2012 and 2022 were included in this retrospective multicenter study. They were divided into two main subgroups according to their Brucella species reproductive status as bacteremic and non-bacteremic. Results: A total of 743 patients, 370 (49.80%) bacteremic and 373 (50.20%) non-bacteremic brucellosis patients, were enrolled. The mean age of the bacteremic group (36.74 years) was lower than the non-bacteremic group (43.18 yr). High fever, chills/cold, sweating, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss were more common in the bacteremic group. In the bacteremic group, white blood cell count, platelet count, hemoglobin level, mean platelet volume, eosinophil, and neutrophil counts were lower, and lymphocyte, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and ferritin levels were higher. According to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, when the cut-off value of ferritin was considered 67, it was the parameter with the strongest predictive significance in Brucella bacteremia. Conclusion: High ferritin level, low eosinophil count, and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate were determined as the most critical laboratory findings in predicting bacteremia in brucellosis