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Effects of compression ratio on thermodynamic and sustainability parameters of a diesel engine fueled with methanol/diesel fuel blends containing 1-pentanol as a co-solvent
No full textResearchers are intensively seeking to meet the ever-increasing energy demand worldwide. In this context, it is known that many studies have been carried out. The utilization of alternative energy sources is important both in meeting the energy demand and in reducing environmental pollution. In this direction, it is recommended to use clean fuels that can be employed in internal combustion engines. One of these fuels is methanol. However, it is known that phase separation occurs when methanol is blended with diesel fuel due to its poor mixing capability, but it is possible to avoid this phase separation by using different techniques in practice. One of them is to use co-solvent. Pentanol (C5H12O) stands out as a fuel additive that helps to blend diesel-methanol blends in a stable structure due to its phase stability-enhancing properties. In other words, diesel/methanol/pentanol blends can form a stable, transparent, and homogeneous fuel mixture. In the literature, there are a limited number of studies using the above fuel combination. In addition, these studies have classically evaluated engine characteristic results and emission parameters without detailed thermodynamic analysis. Investigating the use of these fuels in engines in terms of thermodynamics and sustainability at different engine operating parameters can provide important information on whether these fuels can be used as an alternative. The present study deals with the thermodynamic and sustainability analyses of a single-cylinder DI diesel engine when it was operated at several compression ratios (CRs) (16:1 and 18:1) and engine loads (25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 %) to analyze the engine characteristics and pollutants. In this study, 1-pentanol as a co-solvent is infused into methanol/diesel blends with the intention of avoiding phase separation. In this context, M5P5 (90 % diesel fuel, 5 % methanol, and 5 % 1-pentanol) and M10P10 (80 % diesel fuel, 10 % methanol, and 10 % 1-pentanol) fuel combinations were prepared. The results were compared with conventional diesel fuel aiming to present the novelty of the fuel blends. To conclude, the experimental results pointed out that the CI engine consumed more alternative fuel blends because of their lower calorific value as compared to diesel fuel to provide the same output power for each tested fuel sample. It can be exhibited that the augmentation of CR and load led to increasing the energetic-exergetic efficiency values for each fuel. In this regard, the highest energetic efficiencies for D100, MP5, and MP10 were calculated to be 35.28 %, 31.79 %, and 30.56 %, respectively at the maximum load and CR; meanwhile, the highest exergetic efficiencies were found to be 33.06 %, 29.81 %, and 28.63 %, respectively. At the aforementioned operating conditions, the exergy destruction was found to be 8.33 kW for D100, 10.00 kW for MP5, and 10.65 kW for MP10. The outcomes achieved from the analyses highlighted that the CI engine powered by MP5 and MP10 fuel blends caused similar trends with diesel fuel. Owing to the higher exergetic efficiency of D100, the maximum results in the sustainability index were found to be 1.49 at the most elevated operational conditions. For that reason, methanol/diesel fuel blends including 1-pentanol as a co-solvent will be evaluated to be an alternative fuel instead of traditional diesel fuel when some of the disadvantages are shortly removed. These disadvantages come to mind first and foremost are the costs of methanol and pentanol. The increase in production quantities and the increase in academic studies on this subject will overcome this problem in a short time
Impact of Exercise on High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Narrative Review
No full textBackground. Sedentary lifestyles and insufficient physical activity contribute significantly to the rising global epidemic of obesity, fostering an environment where excess calories are stored as adipose tissue. Lack of regular physical activity and diminished cardiorespiratory fitness are key factors in the emergence of obesity-related illnesses, leading to cardiovascular and metabolic complications. However, the extent to which low levels of physical activity and obesity directly cause low HDL-C levels is uncertain, and the specific impact of obesity on reducing HDL-C as well as the associated risks are not well clarified. The influence of different types of exercise on HDL function is intricate and depends on various factors, including exercise intensity and individual characteristics. Objectives. This study aims to investigate the effect of exercise on HDL-C levels in overweight and obese adults, as well as review the mechanisms and pathways by which various exercise types influence HDL-C metabolism in this population. Methods. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Studies were included if they were published in English. Results. A sequential moderate-tohigh-intensity exercise regimen resulted in sustained or gradual improvements in HDL-C levels. For increased HDL-C levels, frequent moderate-to-high-intensity, long-duration exercise at an aerobic threshold in conjunction with body mass reduction and dietary modification is observed from the reviewed studies. Conclusion. Regular exercise can improve HDL-C levels in overweight and obese individuals. A combination of moderate-to-high-intensity, long-duration exercise at an aerobic threshold with body mass reduction and dietary modification is most effective. Overweight and obese individuals should engage in regular exercise to improve their HDL-C levels and overall health.School of Medical Sciences of the Universiti Sains Malaysia [304.PPSP.6315639]School of Medical Sciences of the Universiti Sains Malaysia, grant number 304.PPSP.6315639
The Dark Side of the Moon: An Ever-Fragmenting Discipline and Turkish IR in the Outer Periphery
No full textA recent debate has emerged in the literature about a need for more global International Relations (IR), one which is truly international, to be worthy of its name. This paper outlines the multi-dimensional fragmentation in IR, which has prevented the emergence of a genuinely integrated and global discipline, and created a context in which the periphery cannot make original contributions to the core. The main purpose of this paper is to point out the major obstacles for such original contributions that emanate from the periphery itself. Aside from the general core-periphery fragmentation in the discipline, the periphery is collapsing within itself. From that perspective, the core and the periphery look more integrated, while the real division is between the periphery and the outer periphery. The outer periphery, while mostly invisible to the core, has real effects in IR practice, yet its nature and problems are not looked upon or handled by the current literature. Based on this observation, and using the Turkish example, four major problems of the outer periphery that affect the periphery and curtail its potential for original contributions are identified: (1) apathy towards western IR; (2) conspiracy theorizing; (3) chronological historicism; and (4) the outer periphery's influence on the mainstream periphery. After discussing these problems, it is concluded that the periphery can make contributions to the core only after it has helped the outer periphery solve its problems, and integration within the periphery is achieved. Only then can original contributions of the periphery to a truly international IR be possible
Experimental Models to Study Immune Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease
No full textParkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, age-related, progressive multisystem disease associated with neuroinflammation and immune dysfunction. This review discusses the methodological approaches used to study the changes in central and peripheral immunity in PD, the advantages and limitations of the techniques, and their applicability to humans. Although a single animal model cannot replicate all pathological features of the human disease, neuroinflammation is present in most animal models of PD and plays a critical role in understanding the involvement of the immune system (IS) in the pathogenesis of PD. The IS and its interactions with different cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. Even though culture models do not fully reflect the complexity of disease progression, they are limited in their ability to mimic long-term effects and need validation through in vivo studies. They are an indispensable tool for understanding the interplay between the IS and the pathogenesis of this disease. Understanding the immune-mediated mechanisms may lead to potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of PD. We believe that the development of methodological guidelines for experiments with animal models and PD patients is crucial to ensure the validity and consistency of the results.COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) [CA 21117]This publication is based upon the work from COST Action IMMUPARKNET (CA 21117) supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology www.cost.eu)
CEZAEVİNDE ANNELERİYLE BİRLİKTE KALAN ÇOCUKLAR HAKKINDA DEĞERLENDİRME
No full textCezaevinde anneleriyle birlikte kalan çocukların koşulları ve sorunları, pek çok farklı disiplin tarafından incelenmişse de, infaz hukuku ve çocuk hakları açısından henüz bir araştırmaya konu olmamıştır. Çocuğun ileride suç alanından uzak kalması için olumsuz koşulları haiz cezaevi ortamı içerisinde mümkün olduğu kadar sağlıklı bir şekilde gelişimini sürdürebilmesi son derece önemlidir. Ayrıca uluslararası ve ulusal düzenlemelerin gereklerinin uygulamada tam olarak yerine getirilip getirilmediği sorunu, normatif düzenleme eksikliklerinin belirlenmesi, uygulamadaki problemlerin tespit edilmesi ve çözüm önerilerinin sunulması da önemli ihtiyaçlar olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmamızda, kadın hükümlülerin durumu, uluslararası ve ulusal düzenlemeler, çocukların cezaevinde anneleri ile birlikte kaldıkları süreç ve kurumdan ayrılma süreçleri, karşılaştırmalı hukuktaki düzenlemeler ve uygulamalar, örnek uygulamalar, uygulamadaki problemler ve neler yapılabileceğine dair çözüm önerilerimiz sunulmuştur. Bu inceleme, Türk infaz hukuku sistemi ve uygulaması, karşılaştırmalı hukuktaki düzenlemeler ve uygulamalar çerçevesinde yapılmıştır
The impact of pandemic fatigue on anxiety and quality of life in patients attending physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics
No full textObjectives: The current study aims to investigate the impact of pandemic fatigue on anxiety and quality of life in patients visiting physical therapy and rehabilitation outpatient clinics. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 303 patients over the age of 18 who had not previously contracted COVID19. These patients sought treatment at the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation outpatient clinic for musculoskeletal disorders and reported experiencing symptoms of pandemic fatigue for at least one month. Results: A low-level positive significant relationship was identified between COVID-19 anxiety and pandemic fatigue. Additionally, perceived health status demonstrated a low-level negative significant relationship with both behavioral fatigues, a sub-dimension of pandemic fatigue, and COVID-19 anxiety. Furthermore, a significant effect of COVID-19 anxiety on pandemic fatigue was observed, as well as a reciprocal significant effect of pandemic fatigue on COVID-19 anxiety. Conclusion: The findings provide empirical evidence for policymakers, decision-makers, and clinicians studying pandemic fatigue and anxiety. It is recommended that stakeholders develop their plans and programs based on this evidence and draw appropriate conclusions from these findings
Sniper Rifle Selection Using Evidential Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making
No full textSome of the main reasons for the uncertainties that are effective in the decision-making processes are imprecision, randomness, and ambiguity. One of the methods to deal with these uncertainties is the DST method. DST stands out in applications, especially with its ability to cope with both random and incomplete information and inconsistency. The main purpose of this study is to compare the results obtained in a previous sniper rifle selection problem with the results obtained by the DST method using EFMCDM and to evaluate whether the results obtained by the two methods are compatible with each other. In this study 4 sniper rifles were evaluated with respect to 6 criteria. From the research findings it was concluded that the DST method provides similar results to the outranking based fuzzy decision-making method for the sniper rifle selection problem. In addition, the results show that the security forces can use the DST method for this type of selection problem. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated that the EFMCDM method based on the belief entropy method can be used in many similar selection problems
KÖK AİLEYE İLİŞKİN AİLE BÜTÜNLÜK DUYGUSUNUN ROMANTİK İLİŞKİLERDE ÖZ YETERLİĞİ YORDAMASINDA PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLAMLIĞIN ARACI ROLÜ
No full textBu araştırmanın amacı kök aileye ilişkin aile bütünlük duygusunun romantik ilişkilerdeki yordayıcı etkisinin belirlenmesi ve bu etkide psikolojik sağlamlığın aracı rolünün incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın örneklemini amaçlı örnekleme yoluyla seçilen 232 kişi oluşturmuştur. Araştırma 18-40 yaş arası, romantik ilişkisi olan ya da evli kişilerin katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak demografik bilgi formu, Aile Bütünlük Duygusu Ölçeği (ABDÖ-K), Romantik İlişkilerde Öz Yeterlik Ölçeği (RİÖYÖ) ve Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği (KPSÖ) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Baron ve Kenny (1986) tarafından geliştirilen dört aşamalı aracı değişken analizi ölçütlerinden yararlanılmış, analizler SPSS 26.00 paket programı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular aile bütünlük puanı, psikolojik sağlamlık ve romantik ilişkilerde öz yeterlik puanlarının tümünün birbiri ile pozitif yönlü anlamlı ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir (p<.05). Analiz sonuçları aile bütünlük duygusunun romantik ilişkilerde öz yeterlik becerisini pozitif ve anlamlı düzeyde yordadığını göstermektedir (B=.401, p<.05). Ayrıca yürütülen hiyerarşik regresyon analizinde denkleme psikolojik sağlamlık becerisinin eklenmesiyle birlikte aile bütünlük duygusu değişkeninin beta değerinde 0.401’den (p<.05) 0.326’ya (p<.05) anlamlı bir düşme meydana gelmiştir (Sobel z= 2.06, p<.05). Sonuç olarak değişkenler arasında tam aracılık etkisinden söz edilememektedir. Ancak psikolojik sağlamlık becerisinin aile bütünlük duygusu ve romantik ilişkilerde öz yeterlik becerisi arasında kısmi aracı değişken özelliği gösterdiği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Tüm bulgular literatürdeki çalışmalar ışığında tartışılmıştır
17. - 19. YÜZYILLAR ARASINDA GİTARIN FİZİKSEL GELİŞİMİNİN ÇALIM TEKNİKLERİNE ETKİLERİ
No full textThis study aims to reveal how the guitar went through a physical development process between the 17th and 19th centuries and how these development processes affected the guitar playing technique. In this study, comparative analysis and descriptive research method were used. In this study, Baroque Guitar, Romantic Guitar and Torres Guitar were physically analyzed and the playing techniques developed for these instruments were explained. Factual data were obtained through document analysis method. The study model of the research topic was created based on the data obtained from written sources such as articles, theses, theses and books published on related subjects. Baroque, classical and romantic periods were experienced in the 17th and 19th centuries in the history of music. Each period has its own artistic values. The need to express musical differences within the scope of these values has led to the development of instruments. The development and differences in the physical structure of the guitar enabled the development of innovations in grip, sitting and playing technique. Until the 19th century, many ideas about the guitar's grip, sitting and playing techniques have emerged. When the historical process of the guitar is analyzed, the constant change of its physical structure is a process in which new possibilities are sought and not yet completed. The change of physical structure and playing technique change according to these processes. As a result of the study, it was seen that the holding positions, right and left hand playing techniques of the Baroque guitar, Romantic guitar and Torres guitar went through a development process in the context of the musical possibilities of the period and the physical differences of the instruments; this process had an effect on the modern classical guitar technique and physical structure we use today. © 2024, Nilgun SAZAK. All rights reserved
Among The Manifestations of the Ottoman Civilization in Palestine: Salah Al-Din Islamic College and The Ticking Clock Tower in Bab Al-Khalil
No full textH. 923-1336/m. 1518-1918 yılları arasında Osmanlı medeniyetinin Filistin'de pek çok eserler inşa etmiştir. Bunlar, camilerden saraylara, sur duvarlarından kalelere, su kanallarından yolların inşasına, demiryollarına, okul ve üniversite binalarının yapımına, hastanelere, bahçelere, parklara, kulelere ve çeşitli mimari yapıların yanı sıra diğer pek çok eserlere uzanmaktadır. Bu eserlerden birçoğu günümüze kadar ayakta kalmıştır ve Osmanlı medeniyetinin büyüklüğünü ve İslami kimliğini tanıklık etmektedir. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, bu tarihi eserlerin restorasyonunu ve korunmasını sağlamak ve yıpranmalarından ve yok olmalarından korumak için yıllardır çalışmaktadır.Bu araştırmada I. Dünya Savaşı sonunda İngiliz ve Fransız saldırganlığından etkilenen Osmanlı medeniyetinin iki eserinden bahsedilecektir. Bunlardan ilki, İngiliz askeri valisi General Edmund Allenby tarafından kapatılan ve Fransa'ya verilen Selahaddin İslam Medresesi; İkincisi de yıkıp saatlerini ve taşlarını çaldığı Babu’l-Halil'deki saat kulesidir. İngiliz işgali’nin, bu en önemli iki eseri ortadan kaldırmaya çalışması Kudüs-ü Şerif'teki İslam medeniyetinin tüm izlerini silme, İslam imajını ortadan kaldırma çabasının bir parçasıdır.“Among the manifestations of the Ottoman civilization in Palestine: the clock towers, the National Hospital, the Salah al-Din Islamic College, and the Hassan Bey Mosque, for example.”The manifestations of the Ottoman civilization in Palestine are many, and extend to more than four hundred years, since the year (923-1336 AH corresponding to 1518-1918 AD), and these manifestations included all aspects of urban civilization such as: mosques, palaces, walls, castles, water channels, roads, railways, building schools and universities, hospitals, gardens, parks, towers, various urban beacons, and others.Many of these aspects still exist to the present time, and they bear witness to the greatness and Islamicness of this civilization. Decades ago, the Turkish Republic began work on restoring and maintaining some of these aspects in order to preserve them from extinction and disappearance.In this research, I will talk briefly about two aspects of the Ottoman civilization that were affected by the British and French aggression at the end of World War I. The first is the Saladin Islamic College, which was closed by the British General Edmund Allenby and granted it to his ally, France. The second is the ticking clock tower in Bab al-Khalil. The British military governor of Jerusalem demolished it and stole its watches and stones. Thus, the British occupation eliminated two of the most important aspects of Islamic civilization in Al-Quds Al-Sharif as part of its effort to erase all aspects of Islamic civilization in the Holy City, to remove the Islamic image from it