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Earthquake performance analysis of a reinforced concrete building with exceeded flexural serviceability limit
No full textFen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İnşaat Mühendisliği Ana Bilim DalıBetonarme binaların statik ve dinamik analizlerinde kolon ve perde gibi düşey taşıyıcı elemanlar yatay bir temele ankastre mesnetlenmiş şekilde kabul edilmektedir. Fakat yapı veya bina tabanındaki zeminin taşıma kapasitesinin kendi içerisinde farklılık göstermesi nedeniyle yapı temellerinin genelinde çoğu zaman üniform olmayan oturmalar meydana gelmektedir. Bu üniform olmayan oturmaların büyüklüğüne bağlı olmak üzere temel dahil olmak üzere özellikle alt katlardan başlayıp bazı üst katlara kadar devam eden çapraz çatlaklara neden olabilmektedir. Rijit bir davranış gösteren radye temelli betonarme binaların zeminlerinde meydana gelen farklı oturmalar nedeniyle, Pisa Kulesine benzer, binanın bütün halde eğilmesinden kaynaklanan kalıcı kat ötelenmeleri üst yapıdaki kolon ve perde taşıyıcı elemanlarında ikinci mertebe etkilerinde artışlarına neden olmaktadır. Bu ikinci mertebe etkiler, deprem riski yüksek bölgelerde yatay yükler etkisiyle artarak binalardaki bazı taşıyıcı elemanların taşıma gücü sınırlarının aşılmasına neden olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Sta4CAD yapısal analiz programı kullanılarak zemin kaynaklı farklı oturmalar ile her iki doğrultuda eğilmiş radye temelli ve toplamda 14 katlı betonarme bir modellenmiş olup, bu binanın Ankara ve Sakarya gibi iki farklı deprem riskine sahip bölgedeki deprem performansı analizleri yapılmıştır.In static and dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete buildings, vertical structural elements such as columns and shear walls are assumed to be anchored to a horizontal foundation. However, since the bearing capacity of the soil at the base of the building or structure varies within itself, non-uniform settlements often occur throughout the building foundations. Depending on the magnitude of these non-uniform settlements, it may cause transverse cracks within the foundation, especially starting from the lower floors and continuing to some upper floors. Due to the different settlements occurring in the floors of raft foundation reinforced concrete buildings with a rigid behavior, permanent storey drifts caused by the bending of the building as a whole, similar to the Leaning Tower of Pisa, cause an increase in second-order effects in the column and shear bearing elements in the superstructure. These second-order effects may increase with the effect of horizontal loads in regions with high earthquake risk and may cause some structural elements in buildings to exceed their bearing capacity limits. In this study, using Sta4CAD structural analysis program, a 14-storey reinforced concrete building with a raft foundation tilted in both directions with different settlements due to soil was modeled and the earthquake performance of this building was analyzed in two different earthquake risk regions such as Ankara and Sakarya
Single Folding Potential Calculations in 141Pr
No full text7th International Workshop of the Hellenic Institute of Nuclear Physics on Nuclear Structure, Astrophysics and Reaction Dynamics, HINPw 2024 -- 31 May 2024 through 1 June 2024 -- Ioannina -- 204555In this study, Skyrme and Gogny forces have been used to describe interactions for Hartree-Fock (HF) and Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) calculations, considering all nucleons to evaluate nucleon densities. The nucleon densities of the 141Pr were calculated by using the Skyrme-HF (SHF) method with Woods-Saxon Potential (SHF-WS) and with Harmonic Oscillator Potential (SHF-HO), HFB method with Skyrme (HFB-S) and with Gogny (HFB-G) interactions. In these calculations, the effects of the three-body force have been accounted for in both Skyrme and Gogny forces through a density-dependent term necessary to describe various properties of nuclei and nuclear matter. The root-mean-square (rms) radii of proton, neutron, and charge densities of the nucleus were calculated using the density-dependent Skyrme-type effective nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction in the HF approach. The Folding potential, developed to describe nucleon-nucleus (n-Pr) elastic scattering data, was obtained by single folding potential to calculate reaction cross-section calculations for 141Pr target. The calculated cross-sections, obtained using density data from four different models, were compared with each other and with experimental data from the literature for analysis and interpretation of the results. © The Authors
İNFRAİNGUİNAL ARTERYEL TIKAYICI HASTALIKTA ATEREKTOMİNİN ERKEN SONUÇLARI
No full textObjective: It is reported that additional techniques such as atherectomy or stent implantation can be used to increase the effectiveness of balloon angioplasty in the treatment of occlusive peripheral artery disease, and it is reported that atherectomy is performed based on the principle of reducing the volume of serious plaques, reducing the pressures required for balloon angioplasty, and allowing vessel reshaping. It is reported that the available data for this procedure are generally limited to very few single-arm data and single-center studies involving patients with occlusive peripheral arteries. In our study, we aimed to publish early results of our atherectomy experience in patients with infrainguinal occlusive arterial disease and discuss them in the light of the literature.Material and Methods: Our retrospective study was conducted on patients with occlusive infrainguinal arterial disease who underwent successful endovascular revascularization, and those who underwent peripheral rotational atherectomy. Occlusive infrainguinal arterial disease of the patients included in the study was detected by imaging methods before the procedure. Patients who underwent hybrid revascularization procedure, acute thromboembolectomy, endovascular aneurysm repair, or peripheral bypass surgery due to existing diseases in the same session were not included in the study. All procedures were performed in the angiography unit or in the cardiovascular surgery operating room accompanied by a fluoroscopy device.Results: The average age of the 13 patients evaluated in the study was 65.23±13.57. Intraprocedural dissection was detected in 3 of the procedures and was treated with simultaneous stent implantation. Stent implantation (due to dissection or insufficient lumen patency) was performed in 8 of the rocedures. No mortality or pseudoaneurysm was detected in the post-procedure service follow-up of the study patients.Conclusion: We think that atherectomy may be a safe and effective treatment alternative in occlusive infrainguinal arterial disease, especially in the presence of severe calcifications and long segment occlusions, and that prospective studies on this subject would be beneficial.Amaç: Tıkayıcı periferik arter hastalığı tedavisinde aterektomi veya stent implantasyonu gibi ek tekniklerin balon anjioplastinin etkinliğini arttırmak için kullanılabilecekleri bildirilmekte olup aterektomi işleminin ciddi plakların hacminin azaltılması, balon anjiyoplasti için gerekli olan basınçların düşürülmesi ve damarın yeniden şekillendirilmesine imkân sağlama prensibi temelinde gerçekleştirdiği bildirilmektedir. Bu işleme yönelik mevcut verilerin genellikle tıkayıcı periferik arter hastalarını içeren çok az sayıdaki tek kollu veriler ve tek merkezli çalışmalarla sınırlı olduğu bildirilmektedir. Çalışmamızda infrainguinal tıkayıcı arteryel hastalıklı hastalarda aterektomi deneyimimize ait erken dönem sonuçlarımızı yayınlamayı ve literatür eşliğinde tartışmayı amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Retrospektif çalışmamız şikâyetleri nedeniyle başarılı endovasküler revaskülarizasyon uygulanmış tıkayıcı infrainguinal arteryel hastalıklı hastalardan periferik rotasyonel aterektomi işlemi uygulanmış olanlarda gerçekleştirildi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastaların tıkayıcı infrainguinal arteryel hastalığı işlem öncesinde görüntüleme yöntemleri ile tespit edilmişti. Aynı seansta hibrit revaskülarizasyonprosedürüuygulanmış,akut tromboembolektomi uygulanmış, endovasküler anevrizma tamiri uygulanmış, mevcut hastalıkları nedeniyle periferik bypass operasyonu uygulanmış hastalar çalışmaya dahil edilmediler. Tüm işlemler angiografi ünitesinde veya skopi cihazı eşliğinde kalp ve damar cerrahisi ameliyat salonunda gerçekleştirilmişti.Bulgular: Çalışmada değerlendirilen 13 hastanın yaş ortalaması 65.23±13.57 idi. İşlemlerin 3 tanesinde intraprosedürel diseksiyon saptandı ve eş zamanlı stent implantasyonu ile tedavi edilmişlerdi. İşlemlerin 8 tanesinde stent implantasyonu (diseksiyon veya yetersiz lümen açıklığı nedeniyle) gerçekleştirilmişti. Çalışma hastalarının işlem sonrası servis takibinde mortalite ve psödoanevrizma saptanamamıştı.Sonuç: Özellikle ciddi kalsifikasyonlar ve uzun segment oklüzyonların varlığında aterektomi ygulanmasının tıkayıcı infrainguinal arteryel hastalıkta güvenli ve etkili bir tedavi alternatifi olabileceğini ve bununla ilgili prospektif çalışmalar yapılmasının faydalı olacağını düşünmekteyiz
Using wearable technological devices to improve workplace health and safety: An assessment on a sector base with multi-criteria decision-making methods
No full textIn occupational health and safety, it is important to use personal protective equipment that reduces or prevents injury to employees during an accident. Advanced sensors and computing technologies that can be worn on the body to create, store and transmit data during daily activities are wearable technology products. These products also make significant contributions to employee health and safety. The use of wearable technologies, which are very important in creating a safe work environment, is seen as a promising solution in contributing to the reduction of accidents and increasing industrial efficiency by increasing employee safety, reducing hazards and risks in sectors where occupational accidents are common. The study, it is aimed to prioritize the use of wearable technology devices in sectors that have potential risks that may cause fatigue, injury, error, and accident of employees due to labor-intensive and challenging tasks. Within the scope of this target, five alternatives and eight criteria were determined in line with the literature research and expert opinions. The criteria weights were determined by the AHP method, and the ranking of the alternatives was made by the AHP and PROMETHEE methods. Alternatives are listed as construction, mining, agriculture, textile, and chemistry. The increase in the use of wearable technology devices in the leading sectors in terms of work accidents and occupational diseases will open a new door to occupational safety and health management in the sectors and will significantly reduce health and safety problems
Mobil Robot Navigasyonu için Dairesel Kavis Dolgu Yöntemiyle PRM Yol Yumuşatma
No full textThe problem of motion planning and navigation for mobile robots in complex environments has been a central issue in robotics. Navigating these environments requires sophisticated algorithms that handle obstacles and provide smooth, efficient paths. The Probabilistic Roadmap (PRM) method is a widespread technique in robotics for constructing paths for mobile robot navigation. In this study, we propose a novel path-smoothing method using arc fillets for path planning, building on PRM's foundation in the presence of obstacles. Our method operates in two primary stages to improve path efficiency and quality. The first stage generates the shortest path between the initial and goal states in an obstacle-rich environment using PRM, constructing a straight-line, collision-free route. The second stage smooths corners caused by nodes with arc fillets, ensuring smooth turns and minimizing abrupt changes in direction, resulting in more natural and efficient robot motion. We conducted simulations and tests using various PRM features to evaluate the proposed method. The results indicate that the built route offers a smooth turning motion and quicker, more compact movement while evading obstacles. This study contributes to mobile robot navigation by offering a practical approach to improving pathway quality in challenging environments.The problem of motion planning and navigation for mobile robots in complex environments has been a central issue in robotics. Navigating these environments requires sophisticated algorithms that handle obstacles and provide smooth, efficient paths. The Probabilistic Roadmap (PRM) method is a widespread technique in robotics for constructing paths for mobile robot navigation. In this study, we propose a novel path-smoothing method using arc fillets for path planning, building on PRM's foundation in the presence of obstacles. Our method operates in two primary stages to improve path efficiency and quality. The first stage generates the shortest path between the initial and goal states in an obstacle-rich environment using PRM, constructing a straight-line, collision-free route. The second stage smooths corners caused by nodes with arc fillets, ensuring smooth turns and minimizing abrupt changes in direction, resulting in more natural and efficient robot motion. We conducted simulations and tests using various PRM features to evaluate the proposed method. The results indicate that the built route offers a smooth turning motion and quicker, more compact movement while evading obstacles. This study contributes to mobile robot navigation by offering a practical approach to improving pathway quality in challenging environments
Health Star Rating of Nonalcoholic, Packaged, and Ready-to-Drink
No full textThis study aimed to compare the nutritional quality of beverages sold in T & uuml;rkiye according to their labeling profiles. A total of 304 nonalcoholic beverages sold in supermarkets and online markets with the highest market capacity in T & uuml;rkiye were included. Milk and dairy products, sports drinks, and beverages for children were excluded. The health star rating (HSR) was used to assess the nutritional quality of beverages. The nutritional quality of beverages was evaluated using a decision tree model according to the HSR score based on the variables presented on the beverage label. Moreover, confusion matrix tests were used to test the model's accuracy. The mean HSR score of beverages was 2.6 +/- 1.9, of which 30.2% were in the healthy category (HSR >= 3.5). Fermented and 100% fruit juice beverages had the highest mean HSR scores. According to the decision tree model of the training set, the predictors of HSR quality score, in order of importance, were as follows: added sugar (46%), sweetener (28%), additives (19%), fructose-glucose syrup (4%), and caffeine (3%). In the test set, the accuracy rate and F1 score were 0.90 and 0.82, respectively, suggesting that the prediction performance of our model had the perfect fit. According to the HSR classification, most beverages were found to be unhealthy. Thus, they increase the risk of the development of obesity and other diseases because of their easy consumption. The decision tree learning algorithm could guide the population to choose healthy beverages based on their labeling information.We thank the supermarket staff for their assistance dur-ing the study's data collection
Bilim ve Sanat Merkezlerinde Manevi Gelişimin Desteklenmesine Yönelik Bir Dersin Olabilirliği
No full textGünümüz eğitim anlayışı öğrenciyi merkeze aldığı için eğitimde bireyin ilgi ve ihtiyaçlarına dikkat edilmektedir. Üstün yetenekli bireylerin ilgi ve ihtiyaçları, onların akranlarından farklı bir eğitime tabi tutulmalarını gerektirmektedir. Türkiye’de üstün yetenekli öğrencilerin özel eğitim ihtiyaçları Bilim ve Sanat Merkezleri adı verilen kurumlarda karşılanmaktadır. Bilim ve Sanat Merkezlerinde üstün yetenekli bireylerin sahip oldukları becerilerini keşfederek en üst düzeyde geliştirmek amaçlanmaktadır. Ancak kurum bünyesinde öğrencilerin doğrudan manevi gelişimlerini destekleyen bir ders bulunmamaktadır. Oysa öğrenci ilgi ve ihtiyaçlarından hareket etme misyonu olan bir eğitim kurumunda manevi ihtiyaçların göz ardı edilmesi bir çelişkidir. Bu çalışmada bilim ve sanat merkezlerinde manevi potansiyelin işlenmesine yönelik bir dersin olabilirliğini bilimsel açıdan ele almak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma nitel araştırma desenine dayalı doküman incelemesi yöntemiyle yürütülmüştür. Bu bağlamda çalışmada disiplinler arası bir yaklaşımla farklı alanlarda yapılan araştırmalar incelenmiş ve sentezlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda söz konusu kurumlarda manevi gelişimi destekleyen bir derse yer verilmesi gerektiği beş farklı açıdan temellendirilmiştir
Effect of Powder-Pack Boronizing on the Microhardness, Wear, and Corrosion Behaviors of AISI 304L Steel
No full textThis study investigated the effect of powder-pack boronizing on the microstructure, hardness, and wear and corrosion behavior of AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel. Powder-pack boronizing was carried out using Baybora-1 boronizing agent for 2, 4, 6, and 8 h at 950 degrees C. Boronized AISI 304L steel exhibited a flatter and thinner morphology depending on the alloying elements. XRD analysis showed the presence of CrB, Cr2B, Ni2B, Ni3B, alpha-Mn, MnB, and alpha-SiO2 phases in addition to FeB and Fe2B. Boronizing time increased the boride layer thickness from 20.6 to 50.6 mu m. The highest Vickers microhardness value of 1316.1 HV0.1 was observed in the sample boronized for 2 h. In the wear tests applied with 80, 220, and 400 mesh Al2O3 abrasives under 10, 20, and 30 N loads, the boronized samples exhibited approximately 1.7-10 times more wear resistance than non-boronized steel. In the corrosion test performed in 10% H2SO4 acid solution, corrosion resistance increased with metal boride layer thickness. The sample boronized for 2 h was seen to have the lowest weight loss.Scientific Research Project Unit of Kirikkale University [2018/005]AcknowledgmentThis project was supported by Scientific Research Project Unit of Kirikkale University under Grant Nos. 2018/005
SOSYAL PSİKOLOJİNİN GELİŞİM AŞAMALARI
No full textThis study is about the emergence and development stages of social psychology, one of the branches of psychology. Social psychology, which has gained popularity rapidly in our age, has moved away from the focus of psychology, which examines the cognitive processes of the individual, and has placed the social behavior that occurs as a result of the interaction of the individual and the individual with their environment at its center. In its early stages, the discipline of social psychology was shaped in line with the approaches of European and American schools and preferred to use experimental research methods in the laboratory environment or positive science methods to achieve objectivity in explaining social behavior. The approaches of the schools that developed in the following stages and the theories put forward that social behavior should be explained based on interpretation, in integrity with time, place and social structure, made significant contributions to the solution of social problems. In this context, it is aimed to determine the point that the discipline of social psychology has reached by following its development stages from past to present. In order to achieve this goal, the emergence of social psychology, its subject, its relationship with other disciplines, its development and pioneers, and its history have been drawn by making use of chronological information about the development of social psychology in Türkiye.Bu çalışma psikolojinin anabilim dallarından biri olan sosyal psikolojinin ortaya çıkışı ve gelişim aşamalarını konu edinmiştir. Çağımızda büyük bir hızla popülerlik kazanan sosyal psikoloji, bireyin bilişsel süreçlerini inceleyen psikolojinin odağından uzaklaşarak birey ve bireyin çevresi ile etkileşimi sonucu meydana gelen sosyal davranışı merkezine yerleştirmiştir. Başlangıç aşamasında sosyal psikoloji disiplini Avrupa ve Amerika kökenli ekollerin yaklaşımları doğrultusunda şekillenerek sosyal davranışı açıklama noktasında deneysel araştırma yöntemleri ile laboratuvar ortamında ya da nesnelliği yakalamak için pozitif bilim yöntemlerini kullanmayı tercih etmiştir. İlerleyen aşamalarda gelişen ekoller ve ortaya atılan kuramların sosyal davranışı zaman, mekân ve sosyal yapı ile bir bütünlük içinde, yoruma dayalı olarak açıklanması gerektiği yönündeki yaklaşımları toplumsal sorunların çözümüne önemli katkılar sağlamıştır. Bu bağlamda sosyal psikoloji disiplinin geçmişten günümüze gelişim aşamalarını takip ederek ulaştığı noktayı tespit etmek hedeflenmiştir. Bu hedefi gerçekleştirmek için sosyal psikolojinin ortaya çıkışı, konusu, diğer disiplinlerle ilişkisi, gelişimi ve öncüleri ve Türkiye’deki sosyal psikoloji gelişimine ilişkin kronolojik bilgilerden faydalanılmak suretiyle tarihçesi çıkarılmıştır
Farklı Akım/Kapasite Oranlarının Trafik Simülasyon Kalibrasyon Performansına Etkisi
No full textMicrosimulation models must be properly calibrated before being used for analysis. In the traditional calibration approach, a calibration variable that can typically be collected from the field, such as traffic volume or speed, is used. The calibration process is assumed to be completed by minimizing the difference between the calibration variable collected from the field and obtained from the model. However, it should be noted that this approach does not imply that the real vehicle tracking model parameters are exactly or very close to the microsimulation model parameters. On the other hand, since real vehicle tracking parameters cannot be obtained from the field, this approach is necessary. This study aims to develop a new approach to improve the accuracy of the traditional calibration approach. This approach involves creating an experiment set consisting of different vehicle tracking model parameters, modeling the road section to be simulated in the simulation environment, and conducting simulation-based optimization experiments to determine at which v/c ratio data should be collected from the field. In the study, SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility) was used for microsimulation modeling, the Latin Hypercube method was preferred for creating the experiment set, and the Grey Wolf Algorithm was used for optimization. Experiments were conducted for road sections with different numbers of lanes, and the calibration performance at different v/c ratios was measured by the average of squared errors. The results confirmed that the calibration process performed at the appropriate v/c ratio was significantly more accurate than under other conditions. It is anticipated that this proposed approach will make significant contributions to the more accurate calibration of the planned road sections.Mikro-simülasyon modelleri, analizler için kullanılmadan önce doğru şekilde kalibre edilmelidir. Geleneksel kalibrasyon yaklaşımında genellikle trafik hacmi veya hız gibi sahadan toplanabilen bir kalibrasyon değişkeni kullanılır. Kalibrasyon süreci, sahadan toplanan ve modelden elde edilen kalibrasyon değişkenine belirli bir miktardan daha fazla yaklaştırılmasıyla tamamlandığı varsayılır. Ancak, bu yaklaşımın, gerçek taşıt takip model parametrelerinin model parametreleriyle aynı olduğu anlamına gelmediği unutulmamalıdır. Ayrıca, gerçek taşıt takip parametrelerinin sahadan elde edilememesi bu yaklaşımı zorunlu kılar. Bu çalışma, geleneksel kalibrasyon yaklaşımının doğruluğunu artırmak için kullanılabilecek bir yöntem geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu yöntem, farklı taşıt takip model parametrelerinden oluşan bir deney setinin oluşturulmasını, simülasyonu yapılacak yol kesiminin simülasyon ortamında modellenmesini ve simülasyon tabanlı optimizasyon denemeleri yaparak, yol kesimi için sahadan hangi v/c oranında veri toplanması gerektiğini belirlemeyi içermektedir. Çalışma kapsamında yapılan deneylerde, mikro-simülasyon modellemesi için SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility) kullanılmış, deney seti oluşturmak için Latin Hiper Küpü yöntemi tercih edilmiş ve optimizasyon için Gri Kurt Algoritması kullanılmıştır. Deneyler, farklı şerit sayısına sahip yol kesimleri için gerçekleştirilmiş ve her yol kesimi için farklı v/c oranlarında kalibrasyon performansı karesel hataların ortalamasıyla ölçülmüştür. Sonuçlar, uygun v/c oranında yapılan kalibrasyon işleminin diğer koşullara göre anlamlı düzeyde daha doğru olduğunu doğrulamıştır. Bu önerilen yaklaşımın, planlanan yol kesimlerinin daha doğru kalibrasyonuna önemli katkılar sağlayabileceği öngörülmektedir