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East Jerusalem after the 1967 Occupation: Policies of Annexation and Marginal Integration Amidst Extermination and Expulsion
Full text linkThis study traces the socio-economic policies imposed by the Israeli occupation on Jerusalem, examining them across three distinct phases. The first phase, spanning from the aftermath of the 1967 war until 2001, saw the establishment and implementation of evacuation policies. During this period, what remained of East Jerusalem was annexed into Israeli institutions and economy, severing its ties with Palestinian society and economy. The occupation worked to create a society within a society, and an economy replacing another. Contrary to the claim that these policies are a recent development, the paper argues that the measures taken post-1967 were instrumental in laying the foundation for these practices. This builds on prior studies, such as those by Azm (2018, 2019) and Mahfouz (2019), which also focus on the occupation’s policies in recent years.
The second phase marked a shift from evacuation and annexation to the marginal integration of East Jerusalem into the Israeli economy. This period, beginning in 2001 with the construction of the separation wall and the closure of Palestinian institutions in the city, continued the process of evacuation. The economic integration of Palestinian workers—both white and blue-collar—into lower-tier roles within the Israeli labor market and the expanding settlement economy became a key focus. The aim was to reduce the disparities between settlers living in East Jerusalem and Israelis inside Israel. At the same time, dual social policies were applied to Palestinians, including identity revocation, subjugation to Israeli institutions, and attempts to distort their national identity. There was also an effort to foster the illusion of a distinct «Jerusalemite» identity, separate from Palestinian identity, for some residents.
This second phase laid the groundwork for the third phase, characterized by two divergent strategies. The first strategy extended the socio-economic engineering of previous policies but sought to decisively shift Palestinians from mere coexistence in Jerusalem to declaring loyalty to the state and its policies. The second strategy, however, argues that earlier socio-economic measures failed to subdue Palestinians, who continued to resist Israeli rule. This approach advocates for a harsher stance, whereby Palestinians are forced to submit to Israeli authority, their national demands crushed. Those who comply would be relegated to low-status sectors in the Israeli economy, while those who resist must either leave, declare war, or face death. This approach reflects the broader vision outlined in the Pipes and Smotrich plan, which targets all Palestinians, not just Jerusalemites. The relevance of this paper lies in its examination of the overt socio-economic policies practiced by the occupation in recent years. Finally, the paper explores Palestinian responses to these policies and offers insights into the possible future trajectories, given the ongoing developments on the ground
Roads that Cut Off Jerusalem
Full text linkThe construction of roads in Jerusalem serves a dual purpose: to connect Israeli colonial settlements and to isolate Arab Palestinian neighborhoods, transforming them into open enclaves encircled by Israeli thoroughfares. The Israeli roads that traverse these Palestinian communities further marginalize them, linking them to the Israeli road network through narrow openings.
To pave these colonial routes, Israeli authorities confiscate Palestinian lands, justifying their actions by claiming that these roads serve the “public interest.” Meanwhile, Palestinians submit petitions to the colonial judicial authority challenging this road policy, which cloaks land confiscation in the guise of public benefit; however, their efforts yield little success.
Recently, Israel has overtly embraced racial profiling to delineate which roads are accessible to Palestinians and which are reserved solely for Israelis. The era of explicit apartheid roads commenced with the opening of Route 4370, which allocates one lane for Palestinian use and another exclusively for Israelis. Furthermore, new roads designed specifically for Palestinian access are pending construction. These roads aim to prevent Palestinians from using the routes favored by the colonial settlers surrounding Jerusalem.
By constructing these Israeli roads, Israel accentuates its status as a complete apartheid state. The separation of roads relies on racial justifications that resist geopolitical rationalizations, thereby reinforcing the grim reality of settler colonialism that permeates Jerusalem and the broader region of Palestine
The Jerusalemite Researcher and Writer Mahmoud Shuqair
Full text linkThe writer, politician, and thinker Mahmoud Shuqair was born in Jabal al-Mukaber, Jerusalem, in 1941. It was here, in Jabal al-Mukaber, that he grew up, spending his childhood playing football—sometimes with a seven-layered skin ball, other times with a simple strip ball, and occasionally with a proper soccer ball. Shuqair also enjoyed the traditional game of jalul (marbles), where children competed to win each other’s marbles. Another favorite was the game of bulbul, which involved spinning a small wooden top with a metal point. Tied with a hemp string to the child's little finger, the top was thrown into a circle, and the goal was to knock the opponent’s bulbul out of the circle, leaving them among the losers. This paper will provide a comprehensive overview of Shuqair’s life, literary contributions, and cultural impact of his work. We will cover the details of his early life, education, and evolution as a storyteller, highlighting his prolific output across various literary genres, including short stories, novels, children's literature, and biographies. In addition, the paper underscores Shuqair’s deep connection to Jerusalem, evident in his works that capture the city's cultural, historical, and political essence
Al-Maqdisiyah in English- Identity and Promise
Full text linkA new chapter is unfolding for al-Maqdisiyah, the quarterly journal published by al-Quds University. For six years, it has consistently emerged in Arabic, from Beirut, Cairo, and Ramallah, reflecting the pulse of Jerusalem. Now, with the release of its inaugural English issue, the journal embarks on an exciting journey of expansion, with plans to eventually include a French edition as well.
Following the steady and evolving success of its twenty-fourth Arabic issue, which has delved into the complex issues surrounding Jerusalem, al-Maqdisiyah in English brings together distinguished articles and studies from the four 2024 Arabic issues, translated to engage a wider audience. This first English edition shifts the journal from its original Arab focus to a broader, global platform, aiming to extend its message of Jerusalem identity and struggles. It continues to present the city’s affairs, as captured by the pens of Jerusalem’s own people, Palestinians, Arabs, and all those who defend the true Arab identity of the city. These voices stand against the efforts to distort Jerusalem’s spiritual, historical, demographic, and geographical features. The English version of al-Maqdisiyah seeks to counteract the ongoing attempt to erase the city’s identity through the Israeli occupation’s aggressive policies, including settlement expansion, Judaization, and the systematic practices of apartheid, discrimination, ethnic cleansing, and displacement. The journal remains steadfast in its role as an objective, scholarly platform, countering the forces that try to manipulate Jerusalem’s history, its land, and its people.
In its new form, al-Maqdisiyah will continue to amplify the truth, striving for a just and lasting peace for the Palestinian people. It upholds the vision of ending the occupation and securing the freedom and independence of Palestine-goals that resonate deeply with the broader aspirations for peace across the region and the world.
The English version will carry forward the mission of the Arabic edition–defending Jerusalem’s identity, documenting its issues with academic rigor, and contributing to the body of knowledge on the city. It reflects al-Quds University’s ongoing commitment to both academic excellence and national responsibility toward Jerusalem. Al-Maqdisiyah will remain an essential intellectual resource, providing objective studies grounded in scientific methodology, ensuring its contributions to the broader global conversation on Jerusalem’s future.
As a key component of al-Quds University’s mission, al-Maqdisiyah in English serves as a vital link between the city of Jerusalem and its Arab and global communities. It stands as a testament to the university’s dedication to safeguarding Jerusalem’s identity, educating the world about Israel’s targeting the city, and providing insight into the many intellectual, political, social, cultural, and legal dimensions of Jerusalem’s past, present, and future.
Guided by the esteemed Professor Sa’eed Abu ’Ali, founder of al-Maqdisiyah in both languages, and supported by Professors Walid Salem, ’Aziz al-’Assa, and a dedicated new team for the English edition, al-Maqdisiyah warmly welcomes all objective, peace-driven voices devoted to Jerusalem – the City of Peace. This publication seeks to illuminate Jerusalem’s rich and complex dimensions – intellectual, cultural, and human significance. As a gateway to coexistence, tolerance, and the elevation of human values, Jerusalem stands as a beacon of harmony and the higher ideals of humanity.
With the blessings of God, this inaugural issue of al-Maqdisiyah in English marks the beginning of a new phase in the journal’s ongoing dedication to Jerusalem, the capital of the independent Palestine state
Prevalence of gastroparesis symptoms and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in West Bank in Palestine: a national cross-sectional study
Full text linkIntroduction: Diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) is defined as delayed gastric emptying without any mechanical obstruction in diabetic patients.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using an Arabic-validatedm translated version of the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI). A total of 3,542 diabetic patients were interviewed, of whom 91.6% were finally included
in the analysis.
Results: DGP symptoms were present in 14.5% of the study population, of which 10.2% had a GCSI score of severe disease. Further analysis of individuals with GCSI scores≥1.9 (14.5%; 470) revealed that 50.8% of them visited a doctor at
least once, and 18% had been hospitalized due to DGP symptoms. However, only nine patients (1.9%) were diagnosed with DGP. The most common symptoms were stomach fullness and early satiety. The binary regression model showed
that DGP symptoms were more likely to occur in patients who had diabetes for >10 years and glycosylated hemoglobin >9. Furthermore, the model revealed that females were at a higher risk of developing DGP.
Discussion: This was the first study in Palestine on DGP, which showed that the condition is underdiagnosed. This is not only because of the unavailability of standard diagnostic methods but also due to the under appreciation of gastrointestinal complaints in diabetic patients
The role of social control in enhancing civil peace
No full textهَدَفَتِ الدِّراسَةُ التَّعَرُّفَ عَلَى دَوْرِ الضَّبْطِ الاجْتِمَاعِيِّ فِي تَعْزِيزِ السَّلْمِ الْأَهْلِيِّ، وَالتَّعَرُّفَ عَلَى الفُرُوقِ فِي مُسْتَوَى الضَّبْطِ الاجْتِمَاعِيِّ وَالسَّلْمِ الْأَهْلِيِّ مِن وَجْهَةِ نَظَرِ العَامِلِينَ فِي الْأَمْنِ وَالإِصْلاحِ العَشَائِرِيِّ فِي مُحَافَظَةِ بَيْتِ لَحْمَ بِاخْتِلَافِ الْمُتَغَيِّرَاتِ الآتِيَةِ: (الجِنْس، الْمُؤَهَّلُ الْعِلْمِيُّ، مَكَانُ السَّكَنِ، الْعُمْر، سَنَوَاتُ الْخِبْرَةِ الْعَمَلِيَّةِ، طَبِيعَةُ الْعَمَلِ، قِطَاعُ الْعَمَلِ لِلْأَجْهِزَةِ الْأَمْنِيَّةِ).
وَتَطَرَّقَتِ الدِّراسَةُ إِلَى وَاقِعِ الضَّبْطِ الاجْتِمَاعِيِّ وَالسَّلْمِ الْأَهْلِيِّ بِالإِضَافَةِ إِلَى تَحْلِيلِ دَوْرِ الضَّبْطِ الاجْتِمَاعِيِّ فِي تَعْزِيزِ السَّلْمِ الْأَهْلِيِّ مِن خِلَالِ النَّظَرِ فِي دَوْرِ كُلٍّ مِنَ الضَّبْطِ الاجْتِمَاعِيِّ الرَّسْمِيِّ وَغَيْرِ الرَّسْمِيِّ. وَتَمَّ التَّطَرُّقُ إِلَى وَاقِعِ الضَّبْطِ الاجْتِمَاعِيِّ فِي مُجْتَمَعِ الدِّراسَةِ وَأَنْوَاعِ وَأَسَالِيبِ الضَّبْطِ الاجْتِمَاعِيِّ وَمَدَى انْتِشَارِ تَطْبِيقَاتِهِ، وَدِرَاسَةِ وَاقِعِ السَّلْمِ الْأَهْلِيِّ مِن خِلَالِ فَحْصِ مُسْتَوَى تَحَقُّقِهِ، وَتَحْدِيدِ الْعَوَامِلِ الْمُؤَثِّرَةِ فِيهِ، بِالإِضَافَةِ إِلَى التَّحَدِّيَاتِ الَّتِي تُوَاجِهُ الْأَفْرَادَ فِي مُجْتَمَعِ الدِّراسَةِ، وَدَوْرِ الضَّبْطِ الاجْتِمَاعِيِّ فِي تَحَقِيقِ السَّلْمِ الْأَهْلِيِّ.
فَقَدْ تَمَّ التَّرْكِيزُ عَلَى دَوْرِ كُلٍّ مِنَ الضَّبْطِ الاجْتِمَاعِيِّ الرَّسْمِيِّ (مِن خِلَالِ الْأَجْهِزَةِ الْأَمْنِيَّةِ وَالْهَيْئاتِ الرَّسْمِيَّةِ) وَغَيْرِ الرَّسْمِيِّ (مِن خِلَالِ الْمَجَالِسِ العَشَائِرِيَّةِ وَوَسَائِلِ التَّأْثِيرِ الْمُجْتَمَعِيِّ) فِي تَعْزِيزِ السَّلْمِ الْأَهْلِيِّ. وَاسْتَعَانَتِ الدِّراسَةُ بِالْمَنْهَجِ الوَصْفِيِّ لِتَحْلِيلِ الضَّبْطِ الاجْتِمَاعِيِّ وَتَفْسِيرِ دَوْرِهِ فِي السَّلْمِ الْأَهْلِيِّ فِي مُحَافَظَةِ بَيْتِ لَحْمَ مِن وَجْهَةِ نَظَرِ الأَهَالِي. وَاسْتُخْدِمَتْ أَدَاةُ الاسْتَبَانَةِ لِجَمْعِ الْبَيَانَاتِ مِنَ الْمِيدَانِ وَطُبِّقَتْ عَلَى الْعَامِلِينَ فِي الإِصْلاحِ العَشَائِرِيِّ وَمَرَاكِزِ الْأَمْنِ، وَتَمَّ اخْتِيَارُ عَيِّنَةٍ طَبَقِيَّةٍ عَشَوَائِيَّةٍ مِنْ مُجْتَمَعِ الدِّراسَةِ بَلَغَتْ (198).
وَخَلَصَتِ الدِّراسَةُ إِلَى أَهَمِّ النَّتَائِجِ الآتِيَةِ: أَنَّ مُتَوَسِّطَ الدَّرَجَةِ الكُلِّيَّةِ لِوَاقِعِ الضَّبْطِ الاجْتِمَاعِيِّ مِن وَجْهَةِ نَظَرِ الْعَامِلِينَ فِي الْأَمْنِ وَالإِصْلاحِ العَشَائِرِيِّ فِي مُحَافَظَةِ بَيْتِ لَحْمَ مِن وَجْهَةِ الْعَيِّنَةِ، جَاءَتْ بِمُسْتَوَى مُرَتَفِعٍ وَنِسْبَةٍ مِئَوِيَّةٍ (72%)، أَنَّ مُتَوَسِّطَ الدَّرَجَةِ الكُلِّيَّةِ لِوَاقِعِ السَّلْمِ الْأَهْلِيِّ مِن وَجْهَةِ نَظَرِ الْعَامِلِينَ فِي الْأَمْنِ وَالإِصْلاحِ العَشَائِرِيِّ فِي مُحَافَظَةِ بَيْتِ لَحْمَ مِن وَجْهَةِ الْعَيِّنَةِ جَاءَ بِدَرَجَةٍ عَالِيَةٍ وَبِنِسْبَةٍ مِئَوِيَّةٍ (74%)، وُجُودُ فُرُوقٍ ذَاتِ دَلَالَةٍ إِحْصَائِيَّةٍ عِندَ مُسْتَوَى الدَّلالَةِ (α≤.05) بَيْنَ مُتَوَسِّطَاتِ مُسْتَوَى الضَّبْطِ الاجْتِمَاعِيِّ وَالسَّلْمِ الْأَهْلِيِّ مِن وَجْهَةِ نَظَرِ الْعَامِلِينَ فِي الْأَمْنِ وَالإِصْلاحِ العَشَائِرِيِّ فِي مُحَافَظَةِ بَيْتِ لَحْمَ وِفَاقًا لِمُتَغَيِّرِ قِطَاعِ الْعَمَلِ لِلْأَجْهِزَةِ الْأَمْنِيَّةِ لِصَالِحِ جِهَازِ الشُّرْطَةِ.
أَوْصَتِ البَاحِثَةُ فِي ضَوْءِ نَتَائِجِ الدِّرَاسَةِ بِالْعَدِيدِ مِنَ التَّوْصِيَاتِ أَهَمُّهَا:
تَعْزِيزُ بَرَامِجِ التَّدْرِيبِ الْمُسْتَمِرِّ لِلْعَامِلِينَ فِي الْأَجْهِزَةِ الْأَمْنِيَّةِ وَالإِصْلاحِ العَشَائِرِيِّ، وَتَحْفِيزُ التَّعَاوُنِ بَيْنَ الْخِبْرَاتِ الْمُخْتَلِفَةِ وَتَوْسِيعِ التَّدْرِيبِ عَلَى الْقِيَادَةِ وَالتَّفَاعُلِ الْمُجْتَمَعِيِّ، تَعْزِيزُ التَّعَاوُنِ وَالتَّنْسِيقِ بَيْنَ الْأَجْهِزَةِ الْأَمْنِيَّةِ وَالإِصْلاحِ العَشَائِرِيِّ مِن خِلَالِ بَرَامِجَ تَدْرِيبِيَّةٍ مُوَحَّدَةٍ وَآلِيَّاتِ تَعَاوُنٍ مُشْتَرَكَةٍ، تَعْزِيزُ دَوْرِ جِهَازِ الشُّرْطَةِ فِي تَحْقِيقِ السَّلْمِ الْأَهْلِيِّ، وَتَحْسِينُ التَّنْسِيقِ بَيْنَ جَمِيعِ الْأَجْهِزَةِ الْأَمْنِيَّةِ.The study aimed to identify the role of social control in enhancing civil peace, and to examine the differences in the level of social control and civil peace from the perspective of security and tribal reconciliation workers in Bethlehem Governorate due to gender, educational qualification, place of residence, age, years of professional experience, nature of work, work sector for security forces. The study also addressed the reality of social control and civil peace, in addition to analyzing the role of social control in enhancing civil peace by examining the role of both official and unofficial social control. Additionally, the study examined the reality of social control in the study population, types and procedures of social control, and the extent of its application, as well as the reality of civil peace by assessing its level of achievement and identifying the factors influencing it, in addition to the challenges faced by individuals in the study population. The role of social control in achieving civil peace was also examined, with a focus on the role of both official social control (through security forces and official institutions) and unofficial social control (via tribal councils and societal influence mechanisms) in enhancing civil peace. To achieve the purposes of the study, the descriptive approach was employed. Data was collected through a questionnaire distributed to workers in tribal reconciliation and security centers. A stratified random sample of 198 participants was chosen from the study population to ensure representative findings. The results of the study revealed that:
The average total score for the reality of social control from the perspective of security and tribal reconciliation workers in Bethlehem Governorate, according to the sample, was at a high level with a percentage of (72%), The average total score for the reality of civil peace from the perspective of security and tribal reconciliation workers in Bethlehem Governorate, according to the sample, was at a high level with a percentage of (74%), There were statistically significant differences at the significance level (α ≤ .05) between the averages of social control and civil peace from the perspective of security and tribal reconciliation workers in Bethlehem Governorate, based on the variable of work sector for security forces, in favor of the police force.
In the light of the results of the present study, the researcher would recommend the following:
Strengthening continuous training programs for security and tribal reform personnel, encouraging collaboration between different experiences, and expanding leadership and community interaction training, Enhancing cooperation and coordination between security agencies and tribal reform through unified training programs and shared cooperation mechanisms, Reinforcing the role of the police in achieving public peace, and improving coordination among all security agencies
The impact of electronic services provided by the Palestinian Standards Institution on the confidence of beneficiaries.
No full textهدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف الى مدى تأثير الخدمات الالكترونية المقدمة من مؤسسة المواصفات والمقاييس الفلسطينية على ثقة المستفيدين منها، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي لأنه يناسب واقع الدراسة، وتم تصميم الاستبانة حيث تضمت (57) فقرة موزعة على محورين وثمانية أبعاد فرعية، تضمن المحور الأول فتعلق بتبني الخدمات الإلكترونية، وتضمن أربعة أبعاد وهي: (تصميم الموقع الإلكتروني، توفر المعلومات وشموليتها وحداثتها، سهولة الاستخدام، الأمان والخصوصية)، أما المحور الثاني ثقة المستفيدين، وتضمن أربعة أبعاد وهي: (المصداقية، المهارة، السرية/ الامان، التواصل مع المستفيدين)، وتمتعت بدرجة ثبات للدرجة الكلية لمحور الخدمات الإلكترونية (0.97)، ولمحور ثقة المستفيدين (0.84)، وتكون مجتمع الدراسة من جميع المستفيدين من الخدمات الإلكترونية لمؤسسة المواصفات والمقاييس الفلسطينية والبالغ عددهم (350) مستفيد أجريت عليهم هذه الدراسة، واعتمدت الدراسة أسلوب العينة القصدية، وبلغت العينة النهائية للدراسة (150) مستفيد.
وخلصت الدراسة الى أن الدرجة الكلية لواقع الخدمات الإلكترونية كانت مرتفعة بمتوسط حسابي كلي (3.72) وبدرجة تقدير كبيرة، كذلك تبين أن الدرجة الكلية الخاصة بثقة المستفيدين في مؤسسة المواصفات والمقاييس الفلسطينية كانت مرتفعة بمتوسط حسابي كلي (4.15) وبدرجة تقدير كبيرة، كما تبين وجود علاقة معنوية عند مستوى الدلالة (0.05a≤) بين الخدمات الالكترونية وثقة المستفيدين، أيضاً تبين وجود تبين وجود أثر ايجابي (طردي) قوي عند مستوى الدلالة (0.05a≤) بين واقع الخدمات الالكترونية المقدمة من مؤسسة المواصفات والمقاييس الفلسطينية بأبعادها وتعزيز ثقة المستفيدين. وتبين عدم وجود فروق معنوية ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة (0.05a≤) في واقع الخدمات الإلكترونية التي تقدمها مؤسسة المواصفات والمقاييس الفلسطينية، وكذلك تعزيز تقة المستفيدين تعزى لمتغير (الجنس، المؤهل العلمي، عدد مرات التعامل مع المؤسسة، الخدمات الالكترونية المقدمة)، في جميع محاور الدراسة. وتبين عدم وجود فروق معنوية عند مستوى الدلالة الإحصائية (0.05a≤) في استجابات المبحوثين حول محور ثقة المستفيدين تعزى لمتغير العمر، ووجود فروق دالة احصائياً عند محور الخدمات الالكترونية حيث كانت الفروق بين الذين أعمارهم ما بين (20-35 سنة) و (36-45 سنة)، وبين الذين أعمارهم تزيد عن 46 سنة ولصالح الذين تزيد أعمارهم عن 46 سنة، ذات المتوسط الحسابي الأعلى (3.91). وتبين عدم وجود فروق معنوية عند مستوى الدلالة الإحصائية (0.05a≤) في استجابات المبحوثين حول محور ثقة المستفيدين تعزى لمتغير طبيعة "قطاع" العمل، ووجود فروق دالة احصائياً عند محور الخدمات الالكترونية حيث كانت الفروق بين أفراد العينة العاملون في القطاع الحكومي، وبين العاملون في القطاع الصناعي، وكانت الفروق لصالح العاملون في القطاع الصناعي، ذات المتوسط الحسابي الأعلى (3.95).
وبناء على النتائج خرجت الدراسة بمجموعة من التوصيات أبرزها استمرارية تطوير البنية التحتية التكنولوجية في مؤسسة المواصفات والمقاييس الفلسطينية. إعادة تصميم الموقع الالكتروني للمؤسسة لتسهيل تقديم الطلبات للخدمات الإلكترونية. تطوير الواجهة التفاعلية للموقع الالكتروني للمؤسسة بطريقة ابداعية وذلك في سبيل تسهيل التفاعل مع الخدمات الموجودة عبر الموقع الالكتروني. تعزيز التكامل للأنظمة الالكترونية في المؤسسة والعمليات المختلفة مع الأنظمة الألكترونية الأخرى الخاصة بالدفع الإلكتروني مثل حكومتي و e-sadad. استمرار اهتمام مؤسسة المواصفات والمقاييس بتقليل المخاطر المرتبطة بتقديم الخدمات الإلكترونية، من خلال حماية البيانات والمعلومات الخاصة بالمستفيدين، وتوفير أعلى درجات الأمان والخصوصية لاستمرار تقديم الخدمات. استمرار مؤسسة المواصفات والمقاييس بتحسين جودة الخدمات المقدمة للمستفيدين، والسعي لتقديم خدمات تلبي احتياجات ورغبات المستفيدين وتتماشى مع التطورات التكنولوجية الحديثة. ضرورة وضع استراتيجية لتعزيز ثقة ورضا المستفيدين عن الخدمات الالكترونية المقدمة من المؤسسة، من خلال الاهتمام بالمستفيدين وحل مشكلاتهم والإستجابة لطلبات الزبائن وإعلامهم بمواعيد انجاز الخدمات.The study concluded that the overall score of the reality of electronic services was high with a total arithmetic mean (3.72) and a high degree of appreciation. It also showed that the overall score of beneficiaries' confidence in the Palestinian Standards and Metrology Institution was high with a total arithmetic mean (4.15) and a high degree of appreciation. It also showed that there was a significant relationship at the significance level (a≤ 0.05) between electronic services and beneficiaries' confidence. It also showed that there was a strong positive (direct) effect at the significance level (a≤ 0.05) between the reality of electronic services provided by the Palestinian Standards and Metrology Institution in its dimensions and enhancing beneficiaries' confidence. It was found that there were no statistically significant differences at the significance level (a≤ 0.05) in the reality of electronic services provided by the Palestinian Standards and Metrology Institution, as well as enhancing beneficiaries' confidence attributed to the variable (gender, academic qualification, number of times dealing with the institution, electronic services provided), in all study axes. There were no significant differences at the statistical significance level (a≤ 0.05) in the respondents' responses on the axis of beneficiaries' trust attributed to the age variable, and there were statistically significant differences on the axis of electronic services, where the differences were between those aged (20-35 years) and (36-45 years), and between those aged over 46 years, in favor of those aged over 46 years, with the highest arithmetic mean (3.91). There were no significant differences at the statistical significance level (a≤ 0.05) in the respondents' responses on the axis of beneficiaries' trust attributed to the variable of the nature of the work "sector", and there were statistically significant differences on the axis of electronic services, where the differences were between the sample members working in the government sector, and between those working in the industrial sector, and the differences were in favor of those working in the industrial sector, with the highest arithmetic mean (3.95).
Based on the results, the study came out with a set of recommendations, most notably the continuation of developing the technological infrastructure in the Palestinian Standards and Metrology Institution. Redesigning the institution's website to facilitate the submission of requests for electronic services. Developing the interactive interface of the institution's website in an innovative way in order to facilitate interaction with the services available through the website. Enhancing the integration of the institution's electronic systems and various operations with other electronic systems for electronic payment such as My Government and e-sadad. Continuing the interest of the Standards and Metrology Organization in reducing the risks associated with providing electronic services, by protecting the data and information of beneficiaries, and providing the highest levels of security and privacy for the continuation of providing services. Continuing the Standards and Metrology Organization to improve the quality of services provided to beneficiaries, and striving to provide services that meet the needs and desires of beneficiaries and are in line with modern technological developments. The need to develop a strategy to enhance the confidence and satisfaction of beneficiaries in the electronic services provided by the institution, by caring for beneficiaries, solving their problems, responding to customer requests, and informing them of the dates for completing services
The Extent to Which Third Grade Students Possess Mathematical Concepts and Its Relationship to Developing Their Imaginative Thinking in Palestine
No full textهدفت الدراسة للتعرف إلى مدى امتلاك طلبة الصف الثالث الأساسي للمفاهيم الرياضية وعلاقته بتنمية التفكير التخيلي لديهم في فلسطين. استخدمت الباحثة المنهج الوَصفي الإرتباطي، وتكون مجتمع الدراسة من جميع طلبة الصف الثالث الأساسي في فلسطين، والبالغ عددهم (5442) طالباً وطالبة، وطبقت على عينة عشوائية عنقودية بلغت (330) طالباً وطالبة، وأعدّت الباحثة اختبارين للمفاهيم الرياضية و للتفكير التخيلي، وتم التحقق من صدقهما وثباتهما، حيث بلغ معامل الثبات لاختبار المفاهيم الرياضية (7980.)، ومعامل الثبات لاختبار التفكير التخيلي (8120.).
وتوصلت الدراسة أن طلبة الصف الثالث الأساسي في فلسطين يمتلكون المفاهيم الرياضية بمستوى متوسط، حيث بلغ المتوسط الحسابي (12.81)، من 20))، وبانحراف معياري (3.50)، وعدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية تعزى لمتغير الجنس ووجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية تعزى لمتغير مستوى التحصيل لصالح ممتاز.
أيضاً توصلت الدراسة أن هؤلاء الطلبة يمتلكون التفكير التخيلي بمستوى متوسط، حيث بلغ المتوسط الحسابي (8.07)، من((15، وبانحراف معياري (2.48)، وعدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية تعزى لمتغير الجنس ووجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية تعزى لمتغير مستوى التحصيل .
وكذلك توصلت النتائج إلى أنه يوجد علاقة ارتباطية طردية بلغت قيمتها (0.70) ذات دلالة إحصائية بين امتلاك طلبة الصف الثالث الأساسي للمفاهيم الرياضية وعلاقته بتنمية التفكير التخيلي لديهم في فلسطين.
وبناءاً على نتائج الدراسة توصي الباحثة: الاستمرار في استخدام أساليب تدريس مبتكرة وتفاعلية لضمان تعزيز هذه المفاهيم لدى جميع الطلبة، واستخدام الأنشطة العملية والمشاريع التفاعلية يمكن أن يساعد في تعزيز فهم الطلاب للمفاهيم الرياضية والتركيز على استراتيجيات تدريس متنوعة.
وتعزيز التفكير التخيلي بشكل أكبر في دروس الرياضيات، من خلال استخدام القصص المصورة، المحاكاة، والألعاب وغيرها، وتشجيع الطلبة على ربط المفاهيم الرياضية بمواقف حياتية واقعية يمكن أن يعزز التفكير التخيلي ويجعل تعلم الرياضيات أكثر جاذبية وواقعية.The study aimed to identify the extent to which third grade students possess mathematical concepts and its relationship to the development of their imaginative thinking in Palestine. The researcher used the descriptive correlational approach, and the study population consisted of all third grade students in Palestine, numbering (5442) male and female students, and applied to a random cluster sample of (330) male and female students, and the researcher prepared two tests for mathematical concepts and imaginative thinking, and their validity and stability were verified, as the stability coefficient for testing mathematical concepts reached (0.798), and the stability coefficient for the imaginative thinking test (0.812).
The study found that the students of the third grade in Palestine possess mathematical concepts at an average level, where the arithmetic mean was (12.81), out of 20), and a standard deviation of (3.50), and there were no statistically significant differences due to the gender variable and there were statistically significant differences attributed to the achievement variable in favor of excellent. The study found that these students possess imaginative thinking at an average level, where the arithmetic mean was (8.07), out of (15), and a standard deviation (2.48), and there were no statistically significant differences attributed to the gender variable and there were significant differences due to the achievement level variable. The results also found that there is a statistically significant positive correlation of (0.70) between the possession of mathematical concepts by third grade students and its relationship to the development of their imaginative thinking in Palestine.
Based on the results of the study, the researcher recommends: Continue to use innovative and interactive teaching methods to ensure that these concepts are reinforced in all students, and the use of practical activities and interactive projects can help enhance students' understanding of mathematical concepts and focus various teaching strategies.
Promoting imaginative thinking further in math lessons, through the use of comics, simulations, games, etc., and encouraging students to relate mathematical concepts to real-life situations can enhance imaginative thinking and make math learning more engaging and realistic
Jean-Paul Sartre and Palestine in Contemporary Arab Thought
No full textBefore delving into the various stances Sartre adopted regarding the Palestinian
cause—stances that led to a profound shift in how Arab intellectuals engaged
with him due to his hesitations, neutrality, sympathies, and eventual alignment
with the Zionist usurpation of Palestine—it is essential to first examine the prior
enthusiasm Arab intellectuals harbored toward the philosopher of “commitment.”
Their writings about him intertwined their hopes and aspirations with his works
and ideas, creating an image that might be termed “the Arab Sartre.” Within the
Arab intellectual sphere, Sartre was portrayed as the embodiment of the “human
conscience” and a “storm upon the age.” Articles were dedicated to him, dialogues
conducted, letters addressed to him, and extensive studies compiled—not only
concerning his philosophy but also reflecting our ardent admiration for it and the
great hopes we invested in it.
For nearly a quarter of a century, we lived through the “Sartre era,” which
commenced in our cultural landscape after World War II and held an overwhelming
influence on our writings until the June 1967 War. The closing chapter of this
engagement can be discerned in an article by Ibrahim Amer, published in al-
Hilal in January 1968, titled After Sartre. Given its subject and timing, this
study signified a dual ending: the decline of Sartre’s philosophy with the rise
of structuralism, which transcended existentialism and engaged in numerous
intellectual disputes with Sartre on the one hand, and the waning enthusiasm
of Arab intellectuals on the other—particularly after the June 1967 War, during
which Sartre aligned himself with Israel following his well-known visit to Egypt
in March of that year. As a result, translations of his works diminished or ceased
altogether, except for a few literary and artistic pieces. Consequently, interest in
him transitioned into purely academic studies, treating him as a historical figure
in philosophy rather than a living part of Arab intellectual culture, which had
once played a role in shaping modern Arab thought and sentiment.
This delineates two distinct phases in the Arab intellectual engagement with
Sartre. The first was characterized by the rise of ideas centered on freedom,
independence, progress, and social justice—concepts that had not yet been
theoretically established in our consciousness. Sartre was seen as a beacon who
could solidify and articulate this vision, paving the way for liberty and progress.
The second phase, following the defeat of 1967, was marked by introspection,
self-criticism, and a reassessment of the West—of which Sartre was a part. Just
as he had taken supportive stances, he could also be swayed or fall under Zionist
influence. This ambivalence is evident in our writings about him, which often
reflect our own perspectives as much as they interpret his philosophy.
To explore this transformation, we shall first examine a selection of testimonies
from Arab writers about Sartre, shedding light on the image he occupied in the
Arab intellectual and emotional landscape. We shall then analyze the diverse Arab
responses to his writings and positions on the Palestinian cause and the Jewish
question within the context of the Arab-Israeli conflict
Annual Report on Israeli Violations in Jerusalem Governorate – 2024
No full textThe Jerusalem Governorate has released its annual report on the crimes
and violations committed by the Israeli occupation in the occupied capital
throughout the past year, 2024. The report underscores the relentless and
ongoing nature of these transgressions, which permeate every aspect
of life in the city, as part of a concerted effort to alter its demographic
composition and erase its Palestinian Arab identity