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The Quest for the Quark‐Gluon Plasma From the Perspective of Dynamical Models of Relativistic Heavy‐Ion Collisions
No full textThe physics of heavy-ion collisions is one of the most exciting and challenging directions of science for the last four decades. On the theoretical side one deals with a non-abelian field theory, while on the experimental side today's largest accelerators are needed to enable these studies. The discovery of a new stage of matter - called the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) - and the study of its properties is one of the major achievements of modern physics. In this contribution we briefly review the history of theoretical descriptions of heavy-ion collisions based on dynamical models, focusing on the personal experiences in this inspiring field
SOFIA Software
No full textThe SOFIA software module, integrated into the R3BRoot framework, provides comprehensive tools for configuring and managing the SOFIA detector analysis, specifically designed for nuclear fission experiments performed with the GLAD superconducting spectrometer. Sofia-R3BRoot, built on the FairRoot framework, offers a robust software environment for conducting detailed Monte Carlo simulations and processing experimental data from R3B (Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams) experiments. Key features include precise detector geometry modeling, particle tracking, event reconstruction, and physics analysis, all of which support the study of fission dynamics and nuclear structure in high-energy heavy-ion collision scenarios at the GSI-FAIR facility. The SOFIA software package is distributed as a source release, with regular updates available for macOS and Linux
AsyEOS Software
No full textThe AsyEOS (Asymmetric-matter Equation-Of-State) directory within the R3BRoot framework provides the full detector definitions, Monte Carlo simulation tools, and digitization algorithms for the detectors used in the AsyEOS/R3B (Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams) experimental campaign at the GSI/FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) facility. AsyEOS-R3BRoot, developed on top of the FairRoot framework, is a versatile toolkit for performing Monte Carlo simulations and processing experimental data to measure the flows of neutrons and light charged particles produced in Nucleus-Nucleus collisions in order to investigate symmetry energy of the nuclear equation of state at densities above the saturation one. The AsyEOS software package is a source distribution with recurring releases for macOS and Linux
Measurement of H production in Pb–Pb collisions at = 5.02 TeV
No full textThe first measurement of and differential production with respect to transverse momentum and centrality in Pb–Pb collisions at = 5.02 TeV is presented. The has been reconstructed via its two-charged-body decay channel, i.e., →. A Blast-Wave model fit of the -differential spectra of all nuclear species measured by the ALICE collaboration suggests that the kinetic freeze-out surface is consistent with that of other nuclei. The ratio between the integrated yields of and is compared to predictions from the statistical hadronisation model and the coalescence model, with the latter being favoured by the presented measurements
Accessing the deuteron source with pion-deuteron femtoscopy in Pb-Pb collisions at = 5.02 TeV
No full textFemtoscopy of nonidentical particle pairs has been instrumental for precision measurements of both two-particle sources and the final-state interactions in high-energy elementary and heavy-ion collisions. The majority of measurements assessing the source properties are based on identical particle pairs, providing direct access to the characteristics of the single-particle source. The work in this paper demonstrates, via femtoscopy measurements of charged pion-deuteron pairs in Pb-Pb collisions at = 5.02 TeV, the feasibility of accessing the characteristics of the single-particle femtoscopic source by using particle pairs with large mass differences such as pions and deuterons. The first experimental results of the measurement of deuteron source sizes in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions are presented. The results show good agreement with the trend derived from other charged hadrons such as pions, kaons, and protons as a function of transverse mass, indicating similar source properties
Quantum complexity fluctuations from nuclear and hypernuclear forces
No full textToward an improved understanding of the role of quantum information in nuclei and exotic matter, we examine the quantum magic (nonstabilizerness) in low-energy strong interaction processes. As stabilizer states can be prepared efficiently using classical computers, and include classes of entangled states, it is quantum magic and fluctuations in quantum magic, together with entanglement, that determine computational resource requirements. As a measure of fluctuations in quantum magic, and hence the severity of the exponentially scaling classical computing resource requirements, induced by scattering, the “magic power” of the -matrix is introduced. This provides indirect experimental constraints on quantum resources required to model nuclei and dense matter using fault-tolerant quantum computers. Using experimentally determined scattering phase shifts and mixing parameters, the magic power in nucleon-nucleon and hyperon-nucleon scattering, along with the magic in the deuteron, are found to exhibit interesting and distinct features. The Σ−-baryon is identified as a potential candidate catalyst for enhanced spreading of magic and entanglement in dense matter, depending on in-medium decoherence
Proof-of-principle experiment to reconstruct the trajectory of dust grains interacting with the LHC beams
No full textInteractions of dust grains with the LHC beams cause beam losses that can trigger premature beam aborts or even quenches of superconducting dipoles. While the simulated motion and ionisation of dust grains inside the proton beam are in good agreement with measured beam-loss data, a direct measurement of the dust movement is not available. A novel method was developed that reconstructs the trajectory of a dust grain based on the different beam loss profiles of transversely displaced bunches. A proof-of-principle experiment to validate the method using a thin wire to simulate the dust grain was performed in June 2024 at the LHC. This paper describes the beam experiment, compares the achieved displacements with simulations, and shows the reconstructed trajectories. Finally, it is discussed how the method can be applied for real dust events occurring during LHC operation