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    npj clean air

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    Exploring Dark Photon Production and Kinetic Mixing Constraints in Heavy-Ion Collisions

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    Vector UU-bosons, often referred to as 'dark photons', are potential candidates for mediating dark matter interactions. In this study, we outline a procedure to derive theoretical constraints on the upper bound of the kinetic mixing parameter ϵ2(MU)\epsilon^2(M_U) using dilepton data from heavy-ion from SIS to RHIC energies. The analysis is based on the microscopic Parton-Hadron-String Dynamics (PHSD) transport model, which successfully reproduces the measured dilepton spectra in p+pp+p, p+Ap+A, and A+AA+A collisions. Besides the dilepton channels resulting from interactions and decays of Standard Model particles (such as mesons and baryons), we extend the PHSD approach to include the decay of hypothetical UU-bosons into dileptons, Ue+eU \to e^+ e^-. The production of these UU-bosons occurs via Dalitz decays of pions, η\eta-mesons, ω\omega-mesons, Delta resonances, as well as from the decays of vector mesons and K+K^+ mesons. This analysis provides an upper limit on ϵ2(MU)\epsilon^2(M_U) and offers insights into the accuracy required for future experimental searches for dark photons through dilepton experiments

    Neutron star radii from laboratory experiments

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