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A Study on Reform of Public-interest Corporations System : From a Perspective Accounting and Governance
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Noddings’ Evaluation of Values Clarification
Get PDFapplication/pdfThis paper considers Nel Noddings’ evaluation of values clarification. Character education, values clarification, and the moral development approach are effective theories used in teaching practices in the United States. Advocates of values clarification include Louis E. Laths, Sidney B. Simon, Merrill Harmin, and Howard Kirschenbaum. In Philosophy of Education (1995, 2007, and 2012), Noddings refers to three theories of moral education: character education, values clarification, and the moral development approach. Noddings states that values clarification is a moral education program based on John Dewey’s ethical theory. Noddings points out that the version of values clarification reformulated by Kirschenbaum is closer to Dewey’s theory in its insistence on critical thinking, analysis of consequences, and consideration of alternatives. It is necessary to consider Dewey’s “anticipation or foresight of the outcome” and the “choosing” emphasized in values clarification from the viewpoint of caring as a valuing process.本稿の目的は、価値明確化理論に対するネル・ノディングズの評価を考察することにある。現代のアメリカにおいて、教室での授業実践に特に大きな影響を及ぼしている道徳教育論としては、キャラクター・エデュケーション、道徳的発達、価値の明確化の三つを挙げることができる。L.E.ラス、S.B.サイモン、M.ハーミン、H.カーシェンバウムは価値明確化理論の主唱者である。『教育哲学』（1995,2007,2012）において、ノディングズはキャラクター・エデュケーション、道徳的発達、価値の明確化という三つの道徳教育理論に言及している。ノディングズは、価値明確化理論をデューイの倫理学理論を基礎とする道徳教育論であるとしている。ノディングズは、カーシェンバウムによって再公式化された価値明確化理論のバージョンが、諸結果に関する分析と複数の選択肢に関する考察という「批判的思考」を位置づけているという点において、デューイにより近づいているとしている。デューイのいう「結果についての予期や予見」と、価値明確化理論で強調される「選択」を、価値づくりとしてのケアリングの視点から捉え直す必要がある。journal articl
Support Skills for Discharge Planning for the Family who Assists Self-Care of Elderly Patient.
Get PDFapplication/pdfWe investigated support skills that are necessary when planning the discharge of elderly patients hospitalized in convalescence rehabilitation wards whose families will assist them with self-care. We interviewed 10 nurses working in a convalescence rehabilitation ward and asked about their daily nursing activities concerning family members to assist with the self-care of elderly patients, and the collected data were qualitatively analyzed using a qualitative synthesis method (KJ method).
Specific skills that were elicited by this study include ""developing a cooperative relationship with families,"" ""sustaining the relationship between elderly patients and their families,"" ""explaining the condition of the elderly patients to their families and providing opportunities to experience care activities"" and ""cooperating with families to use the remaining functions of elderly patients in everyday life."" Nursing assistance to families who will assist with the self-care of elderly patients who had been hospitalized in convalescence rehabilitation wards, at their discharge, includes a proper understanding of the feelings and thoughts of both the patients and their family members, as well as the relationship between them, to provide assistance that will improve the family caregiver's ability to make use of the remaining functions of the elderly patients in everyday life, and to encourage the elderly patients about being discharged.本研究の目的は、回復期リハビリテーション病棟に入院している高齢患者のセルフケアを支援する家族への退院支援としての援助技術を明らかにすることである。回復期リハビリテーション病棟の10名の看護師に、高齢患者のセルフケアを支援するための家族への日常の看護実践について面接調査を行い、収集したデータを質的統合法（ＫＪ法）により質的に分析した。その結果、【家族と連携し協働する 】【家族と高齢患者の関係を維持する】【家族に高齢患者の状況を伝えケア体験の機会をつくる】【家族とともに高齢患者のもつ能力を生活にいかす】が明らかになった。これらから、回復期リハビリテーション病棟に入院している高齢者のセルフケアを支援する家族への退院支援としての援助技術は、高齢患者と家族それぞれの思い、考え、家族の関係性を理解し、高齢患者の能力を生活にいかせるよう家族の介護能力を高めるケアを提供し退院に導く技術であることが示唆された。journal articl
Examination of the Factor Exerted on the All-prefectures Gap of a Medical Expenditure for the Elderly : Experiences of Nurse Administrators and Factors Regarding the Mentor
Get PDFapplication/pdfTo identify factors that contribute to regional differences in medical expenses, this study divided all prefectures into three groups of high, medium, and low medical costs according to the degree of medical expenses for each elderly in each prefecture. Medical expenses for the elderly in each prefecture were analyzed based on medical expense-related data and eight indexes: “number of hospital beds,” “enrollment limit in long-term care insurance facilities,” “number of physicians,” “number of public health nurses,” “average family size,” “owned housing ratio,” “annual health examination ratio,” and “annual prefectural income.” The findings are as follows: There is little difference in outpatient expenses among the three groups. Inpatient expenses are higher with the high medical costs group, with a large difference between outpatient and inpatient expenses. This demonstrates that the degree of inpatient expenses is the cause of regional differences. Based on results of a multiple regression analysis performed on each group, the cost structure varies depending on the factors affecting a given group. For the high/medium medical costs groups, the factors causing an increase in medical expenses are the “number of hospital beds” and “enrollment limit in long-term care insurance facility,” while “owned housing ratio” and “number of public health nurses” show lower expenses. Thus, intervention in social/financial problems is also needed. The cost structure for the low medical costs group cannot be explained by analyzing the eight indexes, and it is thought that more complex factors are involved. This indicates that a reduction in “number of hospital beds” is not a consideration for moderating medical expenses.本研究では都道府県別の１人あたり老人医療費の多寡で３グループ化し、老人医療費の地域差に影響を及ぼす要因を明らかにし、医療費の適正化について検討することを目的とした。老人医療費関連のデータと、「病床数」「介護保険施設定員」「医師数」「保健師数」「世帯平均人員」「持ち家比率」「基本健診受診率」「年間県民所得」の８指標で分析を行った。その結果、外来費は３群間の差は小さかったが、入院費は高額群ほど高く外来費との差が拡大しており、入院費の多寡が都道府県格差を生み出す原因とされた。群ごとに重回帰分析した結果、費用構造は群によって異なり高・中額群では「病床数」や「介護保険施設定員」が老人医療費の増加要因、「持ち家比率」「保健師数」は減少要因とされ、社会・経済的な問題への介入も必要とされた。低額群は８指標では費用構造が説明されず複雑な原因が関係していると考えられ、「病床数」の削減が医療費適正化の視点ではないことが示唆された。journal articl
Sensory Evaluation and Purchasing Attitude Survey of DFP（Diamond・ Flat・Polish）Brown Rice
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Dietary Patterns of Female Students for a Day Based on the Shokuiku SAT System
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An Analysis of the Correlation Between Students' Value Judgments at University Entrance, and Vocational Choices After Graduation
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