International Research Journal of Tamil
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Morality and Virtues of the Individuals in the Realistic short stories of the Twentieth Century
Get PDFReal stories always contain humanistic elements and it is appealing to the laymen. Realism as a literary approach and the Short story as a literary form, are the gifts of the 19th Century. Realistic stories are based on the life of ordinary people who are facing numerous problems. These stories are about the people who have lost their unity thanks to the displacement from their family roots. Contradictions manifest when they oppose the social customs and cultural sentiments of the majority. They act according to their nature and they never bow down to normal practices. Their human action, truth, degeneration and inner contradictions are well portryed in these stories. VaVeSu Iyer's " Kulathankarai Arasamaram" is a short story that highlights the repercussions of the bankruptcy of the British banking company which shattered the dreams of countless middle class people into pieces which paved the way for the destruction of family life. In Puthumaippithan's "Ponnagaram," the plight of 1930s Chennai slumdwellers who were living in want, with their own cultural ethics which were contrary to others'. Indra Parthasarathy's text " Kadhal Poar Vyapaaram" depicts the decaying culture of the upper hierarchy of the elite in Delhi in the 1980s during the initial stage of Globalization. The text also implies that not all people yielded to such temptations
Feminist Elements in Gnanakkuthan's Poems
Get PDFFeminism is one of the growing concepts in today's world. Feminism is increasing in literary field. Women are expressing their needs and rights in writing and speech with a sense of liberation, with the intention of changing the social restrictions and attitudes that oppresses women. A woman is the mother of knowledge, the heart full of grace and who showers love. The woman who had all these characteristics faced many problems. Women's liberation became emotional and that everyone was touched by that feeling. Among them Bharatiyar, Bharathidasan, Kavimani Desiya Vinayagam Pillai, Periyar, Anna, Pudumaippittan and poet Gnanakoothan tended to create rising norms for women's emancipation and women's social progress. Poet Gnanakkuthan, who was a pioneer of Puthukavithai, worked to process the ideas of women's progress. He used his poetry as a weapon. In this way, his poems were in a simple manner and reached everyone. In order to sum up his positive views, this article examines the ability of Gnanakoothan to express the suppression of women in all positions of the society by highlighting feminism, grief due to female birth, women's lack of education, dowry violence, mockery, sexual violence etc. in his poems
History of Indra Desam and Ayodhitasariya’s Principles
Get PDFAyodhitasar is a Tamil pandit and a social thinker. He was well recognized in various fields like sociology, politics, religion, culture, medicine, and journalism. All his principles are called Ayodhitasariyam. He created an alternative history book called “Indra Desa Sarithiram”. The text focuses on Buddhism and the oppressed people rather than giving importance to Brahmins and Hinduism. The first subaltern history book written in Tamil from the position of the oppressed people is “Indra Desa Sarithiram”. Through the Ayodhitasariyan’s principles the traditional myths and histories are re-read, re-interpretations of the historical narratives of marginal people and original meanings are explored. The article discusses about the re-reading of the linguistic studies and about Ayodhitasariyam’s principles
Women's Expression in Lullabies
Get PDFLiterature is the mirror of life. Tamil literature portrays the background influences of human life. Folklore is a growing genre in Tamil literature. Folklore is the collection of incidents that occur in the life of the people from birth to death. Folk songs delight not only the singers and listeners but it also makes the poets and great peoples happier. Many poets are influenced by folk songs. Lullabies is a kind of folk songs. Lullaby is the first song that a child hears after his/her birth. Even the words are not understood by the child, the music of lullabies make child to fall asleep. Lullabies varies from region to region and from town to town. Although their purpose is the same, the theme, the situation, the mother's imagination and the words of the song vary according to their local dialect
Moral Implications in the Stories of Bharathiyar
Get PDFIndia is a repository of stories. The stories are mostly in the spoken language of the people. The origin of the stories in Tamil is very old. There is not enough evidence to define its origin, but it can be traced back to the time of the Tolkappiar. It can be seen that Mahakavi Bharathi was also adept at the creation of stories and at the same time his stories were intended to convey the influences of moral values. Moreover, it is possible to see that stories are based on ideas about the people who traveled with them during the period in which they lived and the people they have seen. In Bharathiyar's stories, there is much to be seen in that true events are presented in the form of stories without imagination. It can be seen that Bharathiyar is seen from a slightly different point of view from other writers. Bharathiyar's stories are designed to illustrate the principles of justice that are applicable to all times. He has elaborated on the ethical considerations for personal development. His specialty is that he has set up stories in a very simple style without too much empty fiction. In this way, the purpose of this article is to highlight that Bharathiar’s stories are stories based on individual morality with the common good intention of promoting morality among the people
Human Virtues Revealed in Purananuru
Get PDFHuman race is undergoing various changes as time moves on. Literature is a tool to reflect all these changes. During Sangam period Tamil people were well civilized. Famous text of Sangam period such as Ettuthokai and Pathupaatu shows us the civilization of Tamil people. The writers of those period witnessed the culture, civilization and life styles of that time and distilled it into literature as poems. Irrigation systems, agricultural development, political law, hospitality and faith are very important in these songs. The poetic tradition carried out by Sangam literature is based on Thinai theory. The article overall examines the human virtues in Purananuru
Medical principles of Thirumoolar
Get PDFTolkappiyam as Niraimozhimanthar and Manimegalai as Nilam Thottupukaarvanam. Devaram mentions those who worship God as devotees, and those who know worship God in Yoga as Siddhas. Deivanayaka's comments that education is not paranoia, realizing the true state of the world is the real paranoia. Siddhas are those who have overcome the triads of arrogance, and vanity by oneness that subdues the five senses namely mouth, eyes, nose, touch and ears. The great powers attained by them are called Atamasithu. There were eighteen Siddhas in Tamil Nadu. Thirumantram composed by Thirumoolar and Thirutondarpuranam composed by Sekizhar tells about the the history of Siddhas. Tirumantram is a book that is praised as Paththaam Thirumarai. This article brings out the philosophical principles found in these books to study diverse issues. The Tamil dictionary defines the word theory as 'adjustment', 'consistency', 'condition'. All these are explained in this article through Thirumoolar’s medical principles. Hippocrates is regarded as the father of medicine. His medical principles are also explained in this article. Thirumoolar’s specialty and his principles are also explained
Principles of Thayumanavar
Get PDFA man has six senses and that is why they are called human beings. Philosophers and literatures don’t seek to correct, regulate and manipulate birds and animals whose sense varies from one to five. All these philosophers and literatures are there to correct human beings who have six senses. Humanity is when a man has various kinds of good qualifications. Body, bones, nerves, muscles, skin, etc. are important for a human body. In the same way love, truthfulness, gratitude, forgiveness, giving up, being a guru, bearing, suffering, and self-restraint are important for a human being. Only when a man realise that human body is impermanent, godliness occurs. Therefore, the body and soul do noble deeds in order to reach God. The purpose of birth is to die and what are the principles that should be followed from birth to death are described in this article through Thayumanavar’s principles
Valluvar's Political Principles
Get PDFThirukkural, the world-famous book contains many principles. Thirukkural is a book that makes a person to think about political science from a diverse perspective. This article explains various the various political principles in Thirukkural. Politics is an expression of social science. Politics is a term that refers to the process of making decision among the group of people. Although politics generally refers to the functioning of governmental institutions, it is worth to note that that politics is actually found in the interactions of all human groups, including office, education, and religious institutions. Thirukkural is a suitable book to give a clear definition and explanation of diverse theories such as divine theory, strength theory, social contract theory, relationship theory, evolution theory and force theory. This article examines the three chapters Arathuppal, Porutpal and Kamathuppal of Thirukkural which supports the theoretical thoughts of politics, and explains the political ideas
Physchological Approach About Tarai in Kambaramayanam
Get PDFLiterature is the mirror of life. Through literature we can know the changes occurring in human society from time to time. A theory is a hypothesis that has been established through experiments. In analysing a literature theory is important and it supports our analysis. When examining the literature based on theories, it becomes a deeper objective. There are various theories like sociological theory, critical theory, Marxist theory, psychological theory, historical theory, anthropological theory and so on. There was a period where man could live without any restrictions. Epic Kambaramayanam gave some rules and restrictions for man to live his life. Various characters are found in Kamparamayana. These people can be compared with the people of present time. The stories in the book are interestingly compared to the psychological theory of the mind. By comparing the mental feelings of Tarai, the wife of Valli, who is unknown to many, it is known through this research that Tarai is a kind hearted woman