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Performance Analysis of Buck-Boost and SEPIC Converter for Commutation Torque Ripple Minimization in BLDC Motors
No full textThis paper discusses comparative analysis of Buck-Boost and SEPIC (Single Ended Primary Inductance) converters used in DC link voltage control technique to reduce torque ripple in Brushless Direct Current Motors (BLDCM). The aim of this study is to prove the efficiency of the aforementioned two converters, which have been adopted in many studies to reduce torque ripples caused by commutation, on the same motor parameters. Although BLDCM has many advantages, ripples in the generated torque have limited the use of these motors in applications requiring precise speed and torque. In this study, BLDCM was analyzed exhaustive mathematically and electrically and the problem that caused commutation torque ripples was explained in detail. The DC link voltage control has been proposed to suppressing torque ripples in the BLDCM. In addition, the link voltages required for reducing the torque ripples were obtained separately via both the Buck-Boost and the SEPIC converters. These converter topologies are examined under certain speed and torque conditions and the results were compared. When the results are evaluated together, it was observed that both converters performed the very closely performance each other. However, the Buck-Boost converter produced the desired voltage levels with less oscillation than the SEPIC converter
Effect of green Bayburt stone grain size on strength in stabilization of low plasticity clayey soil with lime
No full textLisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, İnşaat Mühendisliği Ana Bilim DalıBu çalışmada, yeşil Bayburt taşı (YBT) atığı ve kireç kullanılarak düşük plastisiteli kil bir zeminin stabilize edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Birincil bağlayıcı olarak kullanılan kireç %6 oranında, puzolanik katkı olarak kullanılan YBT atığı ise sırasıyla %5, %10, %15, %20 oranlarında iki farklı incelikte doğal zemine eklenmiştir. Hazırlanan numunelere kıvam, elek analizi, kompaksiyon ve serbest basınç deneyleri yapılmıştır. Ayrıca numunelerin mikro yapısı taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM), X-ışını kırınım yöntemi (XRD), Fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi spektroskopisi (FT-IR) analizleri ile incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında yapılan deneyler sonucunda, YBT atıklarının öğütülerek düşük plastisiteli kil zemin stabilizasyonunda kullanılmasının kıvam limitleri ve kompaksiyon parametreleri üzerinde kayda değer bir etkisinin olmadığı, serbest basınç dayanımını ise arttırdığı tespit edilmiştir.In this study, it was aimed to stabilize a low plasticity clayey soil by using green Bayburt stone (YBT) waste and lime. Lime used as the primary binder was added at the rate of 6%, and YBT waste used as a pozzolanic additive was added to the natural soil in two different finenesses, respectively, at the rates of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Consistency, sieve analysis, compaction and unconfined compressive strength tests were performed on the prepared specimens. In addition, the microstructure of the specimens was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction method (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. As a result of the experiments carried out within the scope of the study, it was determined that the use of YBT wastes in low plasticity clayey soil stabilization by grinding does not have a significant effect on the consistency limits and compaction parameters, but increases the unconfined compressive strength
MARRIAGES IN THE SHADOW OF POLITICS IN THE RUPEN DYNASTY
No full textMarriage, which is the smallest structural unit of the society and where the foundation of the family was laid, was made a part of politics by the states and implemented. There are many reasons for attempting marriage between states, and many factors can be listed, such as ending wars, the continuation of peace, acquiring allies, and being able to leave an heir. Starting from the 11th century, in the Rupen dynasty that emerged in cukurava, political marriages were made in order to gain strong allies and dominate the region starting from the baron Constantine. Relationships were established with the Latin kingdoms, the Byzantine state of Nicaea, and the Crusader counties by exchanging daughters. In addition to political and military reasons, the desire of the Crusader counts to obtain financial benefits through dowry was also effective in the marriages, most of which were with the Crusader counts and Latin kings. Marriages, where arbitrariness was not in question, could start and end under certain conditions under the control of the church. In this study, the purposes, processes and termination of marriages performed by the Rupen dynasty that emerged in cukurova were discussed
YURT DIŞINDAN GETİRİLEREK SERMAYE OLARAK KONULAN YABANCI PARALAR İLE İLGİLİ KUR FARKLARININ MUHASEBELEŞTİRİLMESİ
No full textVergi Usul Kanunu (VUK)’nun 280/A maddesi uygulamasına göre yatırım harcamaları kapsamında yatırım yapacak sermaye şirketlerine, işe başladıkları hesap dönemini izleyen hesap dönemi sonuna kadar yurtdışından getirilerek sermaye olarak konulan yabacı paraların söz konusu dönem boyunca yatırım harcamalarında kullanılması dolayısıyla ortaya çıkan kur farkları, pasifte bir fon hesabında izlenebilmekte ve raporlanabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Tekdüzen Hesap Planı, 213 sayılı VUK’un 280/A maddesi ve bu maddenin uygulanmasına ilişkin usul ve esasları düzenleyen 495 Sayılı Vergi Usul Kanunu Genel Tebliği ve Kamu Gözetimi Muhasebe ve Denetim Standartları Kurumu tarafından hazırlanan finansal raporlama standartlarına uygun hesap planı taslağı dikkate alınarak, yurt dışından getirilerek sermaye olarak konulan yabancı paraların yatırım teşvik belgesi kapsamında kullanılan kısmı nedeniyle ortaya çıkan kur farklarının hangi öz kaynak hesap grubunda yer alan hesaplarda takip edilebileceğine ilişkin önerilerde bulunulmuştu
Determination of some engineering properties of volcanic tuff using non-destructive method
No full textVolcanic tuffs extracted from the quarries of Bayburt province in Turkey are of three different types locally identified as white, yellow and green Bayburt stones. This study was intended to estimate the compressive strength of white, yellow and green Bayburt stones by non-destructive testing methods. For this, non-destructive tests such as the nail penetration test (NPT), Schmidt rebound hammer (SRH) test and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test were performed. A uniaxial compression test was also performed so as to assess the accuracy of the results obtained from the non-destructive tests. For the NPT, nails manufactured for the gun having 27 and 39mm length were used. In total, 45 nails were nailed and average the values were taken. Also, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and UPV tests were performed on 30 samples in total; furthermore, a total of 60 impacts for the SRH test were performed. The relationship between the results recorded from NPT and UCS, SRH and UPV was determined by regression analysis and comparison. The relative absolute errors between the measured values and the predicted values are below 4% for SRH-NPT comparison and below 9% for UPV-NPT comparison. This method of estimating the compressive strength, by using these non-destructive experiments, was appraised as suitable
Analysis of the relationship between school leadership and collective teacher efficacy: a cultural comparison
No full textThis meta-analysis study aims to analyze the relationship between school leadership and collective teacher efficacy in a cultural context. The meta-analysis included a total of 47 studies in different cultures in different countries. The results of the analysis for all 47 studies involved suggested a medium-level relationship between school leadership and collective teacher efficacy. The combined effect size was calculated for all studies according to random effect models (ES = .48). And it is concluded that the power distance and long-term orientation of countries positively predict the relationship between school leadership and collective teacher efficacy. In addition, it is concluded that the individualism tendency of countries negatively predicts the relationship between school leadership and collective teacher efficacy. Moreover, it is determined that the uncertainty avoidance and masculinity tendencies of countries do not predict the relationship between school leadership and collective teacher efficacy. In line with these results, school managers working in countries that have high power distance, collectivity, long-term investment, and limitation tendency should benefit from these opportunities to carry out and complete the school mission. School managers in countries that have low power distance, collectivity, long-term investment, and limitation tendency should develop different strategies
The translation of Pembezâde Ahmed b. Osman Efendi's translation of Serhu Kasideti Bânet Suad between the 35–59 links and the applications of language, consumption, nahiv and rhetoric
No full textLisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Temel İslam Bilimleri Ana Bilim DalıBu tezde Pembezâde Ahmed b. Osman Efendi'nin yazdığı Şerhu Kasîdeti Bânet Suad isimli eserin 35-59. beyitler arasının tercümesi ile dil, sarf, nahiv, belagat uygulamaları ve edisyon kritik çalışması ele alınmıştır. Sözü edilen kasîde Ka'b b. Züheyr'in Hz. Peygamber'e sunduğu bu vesîleyle onun hırka-i saadetine nâil olduğu Kasîdetü'l-bürde'dir. Arap şiirinin en önemli örneklerinden biri olan ünlü kasîde, câhiliye şiirinin tüm özelliklerini içerisinde barındırması açısından, o dönemin şiir anlayışına ışık tutar niteliktedir. Bu önemine binaen kasîdenin üzerine birçok şerhler, hâşiyeler, tahmîsler ve taştîrler yazılmıştır. Hayatı hakkında kısıtlı bilgilere ulaşılmış olan Osmanlı âlimi Pembezâde Ahmed b. Osman Efendi de yazdığı eserle Kasîdetü'l-bürde şerh geleneğinin içerisine dâhil olmuştur. Çalışmaya konu olan eser incelendiğinde yazarın Arap diline ayrıntılarıyla hâkim olduğu görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte kaynak taraması yapıldığında Pembezâde Ahmed b. Osman Efendi'nin eserlerinin herhangi bir kapsamlı çalışmanın konusu olmadığını görülmüş, bu da bizi Şerhu Kasîdeti Bânet Su'âd'ı kütüphanelerin tozlu raflarından indirip ilim âleminin hizmetine sunmaya itmiştir. Çalışma bir giriş ve dört bölümden oluşmaktadır: Girişte: Araştırmanın Konusu ve Önemi; Araştırmanın Amacı ve Sınırları; Araştırmanın Planı ve Yöntemi; Araştırmanın Kaynakları gibi alt başlıklar ile ilgili bilgiler verilmiştir. Birinci bölümde: Ka'b b. Züheyr'in Hayatı, Kasîdetü Bânet Su'âd'ın Arapça Metni ve Türkçe Tercümesi alt başlıkları bulunmaktadır. İkinci bölümde Pembezâde Ahmed b. Osman Efendi'nin Hayatı ve Eserleri; Tercüme ve Tahkîkte Takip Edilen Yöntem ve Esaslar alt başlıkları hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde tahkîk ettiğimiz eserin 35-59. beyitler arasının tercümesi, Lügat, Sarf, Nahiv ve Belağat uygulamaları yer almaktadır. Dördüncü bölümde ise eserin tahkîkli neşri yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışma süresince isnâd atıf sistemi ikinci edisyon ve İSAM tahkîkli neşir esaslarında belirtilen yönergeler takip edilmiştir. Ayrıca okuyucuların metni kolayca anlayabilmesi için gerekli yerlerde konuyu açıklığa kavuşturmak için dipnotlar verilmiştir.In this thesis, Pembezâde Ahmed b. The translation of a certain part of the work called Şerhu Kâsideti Bânet Suad written by Osman Efendi, language, usage, syntax, rhetoric practices and edition critical work are discussed. The aforementioned qasida Kab b. Zuhayr's Hz. It is Kasîdetü'l-Bürde, which he presented to the Prophet on this occasion, where he attained his happiness. The famous qasida, one of the most important examples of Arabic poetry, sheds light on the poetry understanding of that period in terms of containing all the features of jahiliyya poetry. Due to this importance, many commentaries, tahmis and tastirs were written on the eulogy. Ottoman scholar Pembezâde Ahmed b. Osman Efendi was included in the tradition of commentary on Kasîdetü'l-Bürde with the work he wrote. When the work that is the subject of the study is examined, it is seen that the author has a detailed command of the Arabic language. However, when the literature review was made, Pembezâde Ahmed b. Seeing that Osman Efendi's works were not the subject of any comprehensive study, prompted us to download the Şerhu Kasideti Bânet Suad from the dusty shelves of libraries and present it to the service of the scientific community. The study consists of an introduction and six chapters. In the first part, the owner of the eulogy Kab b. Züheyr, the owner of the annotation in the second part, Pembezâde Ahmed b. Osman Efendi, in the third section, the methods and principles followed in translation and verification, in the fourth section the translation of the work, in the fifth section the use of syntax, syntax and rhetoric in the specified part of the work, and the proofreading of the commentary in the sixth section. During the study, the guidelines specified in the Second Edition of the Isnad Citation System and the ISAM Arbitrary Publication Principles were followed. In addition, footnotes are given where necessary to clarify the subject so that readers can easily understand the text
Some Physical, Biological, Hardness, and Color Properties of Wood Impregnated with Propolis
No full textPropolis is a bee product collected by honeybees from various tree species in nature. It has antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancerogenic properties. Recently, propolis has been used in wood protection area because it has antifungal properties and is a natural and environmentally friendly material. In this study, some deciduous wood species were treated with methanolic propolis extracts. Propolis solutions were prepared by dissolving propolis in methanol in concentrations of 0.5%, 2.5%, 5%, and 8%. These solutions were forced deep into the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), fir (Abies nordmanniana), and spruce (Picea orientalis L.) woodblocks under vacuum and pressure. Water uptake and water-repellent efficiencies of the woodblocks were tested at 2-, 4-, and 20-hour immersion periods. Sample blocks were tested against wood-destroying house borer (Hylotrupes bajulus) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) larvae for 21 weeks. In addition, color changes of woodblocks treated with propolis were determined. According to results obtained in the study, the highest water-repellent efficiency was 61.4% in propolis-impregnated spruce wood at concentration level of 8% during the 2-hour period. These results show that propolis extracts could be used as hydrophobic material for wood. Larvae mortality rates indicated that 8% concentration level was not adequate to overcome H. bajulus larvae or propolis is not effective against H. bajulus larvae. While L* value decreases with the increase of impregnation rate, a* and b* values increase in all wood types. As the impregnation rate increased, the total color difference also increased
Examination of the relationship between physical education and sports teachers' burnout levels and self-respect (Trabzon province)
No full textLisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Ana Bilim DalıBu araştırmanın temel amacı, beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenlerinin tükenmişlik düzeyleri ve benlik saygısı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın evrenini Trabzon ilinde görev yapmakta olan beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenleri oluştururken örneklem grubunu evrenden kolaylama yöntemi ile ulaşılan kişiler oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların tükenmişlik düzeylerini ölçmek için "Tükenmişlik Ölçeği", benlik saygısı düzeylerinin ölçülmesi için ise "Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi için gruplar arası karşılaştırmalarda Kruskal Wallis Testi ve Mann Whitney U Testi kullanılırken, ilişki testlerinden Spearman Korelasyon analizinden faydalanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenlerinin tükenmişlik düzeyleri cinsiyet, çalışılan okul türü, görev yapılan okulda spor salonu olma durumu ve görev yapılan bölge durumuna bağlı olarak farklılık göstermezken, medeni durumları, aylık gelir düzeyleri ve spor geçmişine sahip olma durumlarına bağlı olarak gruplar arasında farklılık göstermiştir. Tükenmişlik düzeyleri ile yaş, ortalama gelir düzeyi ve hizmet süreleri arasında negatif yönde ilişkilerin olduğu sonucuna da ulaşılmıştır. Benlik saygısı düzeyleri cinsiyet, medeni durum, aylık gelir düzeyi, çalışılan okul türü, görev yapılan okulda spor salonu olma durumu, görev yapılan bölge durumu ve spor geçmişine sahip olma durumlarına bağlı olarak farklılık göstermemiştir. Benlik saygısı düzeylerine yönelik korelasyon analizi sonucunda da yaş, ortalama gelir düzeyi ve hizmet sürelerinde ilişki olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenlerinin tükenmişlik düzeyi ile benlik saygısı düzeyleri arasında negatif yönde ilişki olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Anahtar kelimeler: Beden eğitimi ve spor, öğretmen, benlik saygısı, tükenmişlik.The main purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between burnout levels and self-esteem of physical education and sports teachers. While the universe of the research consists of physical education and sports teachers working in Trabzon, the sample group consists of people who are reached from the universe by the method of facilitation. The "Burnout Scale" was used to measure the burnout levels of the participants, and the "Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale" was used to measure the self-esteem levels. For the analysis of the data, Kruskal Wallis Test and Mann Whitney U Test were used for comparisons between groups, while Spearman Correlation analysis, which is one of the relationship tests, was used. According to the findings obtained; While the burnout levels of physical education teachers did not differ depending on gender, type of school, having a gym in the school where they worked and the status of the region where they worked, it differed between the groups depending on their marital status, monthly income level and having a sports history. It was also concluded that there are negative relationships between burnout levels and age, average income level and length of service. Self-esteem levels did not differ depending on gender, marital status, monthly income level, type of school, having a gym in the school where they worked, the status of the region where they worked and having a sports background. As a result of the correlation analysis for self-esteem levels, it was determined that there was no relationship between age, average income level and length of service. As a result; It was concluded that there is a negative relationship between the burnout level of physical education teachers and their self-esteem levels. Keywords: Physical education and sports, teacher, self-esteem, burnout
TOFİSOPAM’IN OPİOİDERJİK SİSTEM ARACILIKLI ANTİNOSİSEPTİF ETKİNLİĞİ
No full textObjective: In this study, it was aimed to investigate antinociceptive activity potential of Tofisopam and to elucidate the possible involvement of opioid system in this effect. Material and Method: The antinociceptive efficacy potential of Tofisopam (25 and 50 mg/kg) was evaluated by hot-plate and acetic acid-induced writhing tests; while possible effects of this drug on the motor coordinations of mice were evaluated with the Rota-rod tests. Result and Discussion: Tofisopam at a dose of 50 mg/kg significantly prolonged the reaction times of mice in hot-plate tests and reduced the number of writhing behaviors in writhing tests. These findings indicated that Tofisopam has antinociceptive activity mediated by central and peripheral mechanisms. Tofisopam did not change the motor activities of mice at administrated doses. Pre-administration of naloxone to investigate the possible involvement of opioid receptors in the antinociceptive effect abolished the antinociceptive activity of Tofisopam. To elucidate the opioid receptor subtypes mediating the effect, mechanistic studies were carried out with naloxonazine (?-opioid receptor blocker), naltrindole (?-opioid receptor blocker), and norbinaltorphimine (?-opioid receptor blocker). All agents antagonized the antinociceptive effect of Tofisopam. Obtained findings revealed that Tofisopam at a dose of 50 mg/kg has antinociceptive activity mediated by ?-, ?- and ?-opioid receptors. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved