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    Probiotic ice cream with Malus floribunda fruit sauce: Quality properties, mineral, and volatile composition

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    This study investigated the effect of Malus floribunda fruit sauce (MFS) on the quality properties, minerals, volatiles, and viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5(R) in probiotic ice creams. The MFS increased the dry matter, acidity, total sugar, invert sugar, and calories while decreasing fat, protein, ash, sucrose contents, viscosity, overrun, first dripping, complete melting time, and the pH of samples. The heavy metal contents were within safe limits. The MFS increased the perception of a fruity taste/aroma due to the increase in the terpenes and terpenoids, which reflected positively on the sensory scores. The highest taste and odor score (4.72) was seen in the MFIC sample. L. acidophilus La-5(R) counts (7.49 log cfu/g) and the survival rate (100.69%) of MFIC were significantly higher at the end of storage. Consequently, MFS may be used as a source of flavoring agents in ice cream and MFIC is a satisfactory vehicle for L. acidophilus La-5(R). Novelty impact statement There is no study in the scientific literature on the use of Malus floribunda fruit sauce (MFS) as a potential functional ingredient in probiotic ice cream production. MFS supplementation caused a significant change of volatile compounds in ice cream samples, which reflected positively on the sensory scores. MFS enhanced survival rates of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5(R) in ice creams during the 60 days of storage

    On the plane receding contact between two functionally graded layers using computational, finite element and artificial neural network methods

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    The frictionless double receding contact problem for two functionally graded (FG) layers pressed by a uniformly distributed load is addressed in this paper. The gradation in the layers is assumed to follow an exponential variation through the height with constant Poisson's ratios. The lower layer rests on a homogeneous half-plane (HP). There is no adhesion between the FG layers or between the lower layer and the HP. The body forces of the FG layers and HP are ignored. First, the governing equations are reduced to a system of two singular integral equations with contact pressures and contact lengths as unknowns using Fourier transform techniques and boundary conditions. The integral equations are solved numerically using the Gauss-Chebyshev integration formula. Then, a parametric finite element analysis is performed using the augmented contact method. Finally, the problem was extended based on the multilayer perceptron (MLP), an artificial neural network used for different problem parameters. The effects of stiffness parameters, the normalized load length, the ratio of shear moduli, the ratio of FG layer heights to the normalized contact lengths, and normalized maximum contact pressures are explored. The results of finite element analysis and the MLP approach are used to validate the normalized maximum contact pressures and contact lengths obtained from an analytical method based on elasticity theory, and finally, good agreement between these three methods results is obtained. The obtained results could help in designing multibody indentation systems with FGMs

    Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Hastalar Tarafından Değerlendirilme Ölçeği'nin Türkçe Versiyonunun Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği: Metodolojik Bir Çalışma

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    Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Hastalar Tarafından Değerlendirilme Ölçeği’nin [The Evaluation of Nursing Students by Patients Instrument (ENSPA)] Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenirliğini yapmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmanın evrenini Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde bulunan bir universite hastanesinde yatan tum hastalar oluştururken örneklemi 321 hasta oluşturmuştur. Veriler “kişisel bilgi formu” ve “ENSPA” ile toplanmıştır. Ölçekte sırasıyla dil ve kapsam geçerliği, yapı geçerliği, güvenirlik analizleri yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan hastaların yaş ortalaması 50,24±19,97 olup, %54,4’ü kadın, %34,2’si ilkokul mezunudur. ‘ENSPA’ ölçeğinin dil geçerliliği için çeviri-geri çeviri tekniği kullanılmıştır. Ölçek maddelerine ait kapsam geçerlik oranlarının 0,80-1,00 arasında değiştiği, kapsam geçerlik indeksinin ise 0,96 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizinde, ?2/serbestlik derecesi=3,43, yaklaşık hataların ortalama karekökü=0,08, Uyum İyiliği İndeksi=0,90, Karşılaştırmalı Uyum İndeksi=0,93 ve Normlaştırılmış Uyum İndeksi=0,89 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Cronbach Alpha katsayısı “güven” alt boyutu için 0,91, “birey-odaklılık” alt boyutu için 0,87, “ilgili olma” alt boyutu için 0,88, “dürüstlük/doğruluk” alt boyutu için 0,75, toplam ölçek için 0,95 olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Araştırmada, hastalar tarafından öğrenci hemşirelerin klinik uygulamalarını değerlendirmeye yarayan 19 maddelik “ENSPA”nın geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olduğu, öğrenci hemşirelerin klinik uygulama performans ve becerilerini doğru ve tutarlı bir şekilde ölçülebildiği belirlenmiştir. Hastaları, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin klinik uygulama değerlendirmesine dâhil etmek, bireysel, bütüncül ve hümanistik bakım ve hemşirelik eğitimi açısından önemli bir adım olacağı düşünülmektedir

    Inclusive Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Mathematics Teachers: Learning Disabilities vs. Hearing Impairments

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    This study aims at investigating inclusive pedagogical content knowledge (IPCK) of mathematics teachers who teaches in inclusive classes including learning disabilities (LD) students or hearing impairments (HI) students in the context of angle concept. The study is a cross-case study which facilitates the comparison as one of the multiple case designs. The participants of the study are six Turkish mathematics teachers, three of them have experience of teaching to students with LD, and three of them students with HI. The data of the study is collected via semi-structured clinical interviews, and analysed using cross-case analysis. According to the findings of the study that examines the IPCK of teachers regarding the concept of angle, it can be said that teachers' definitions of angle and their teaching strategies are insufficient. Additionally, it was found that HI teachers used much more multiple presentation such as speaking, writing, drawing shapes, and gestures than LD teachers

    Osman Çeviksoy’un Hikâyelerinin Türkçe Öğretim Programında Yer Alan On Kök Değer Açısından İncelenmesi

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    Bu çalışma, nitel araştırma yaklaşımıyla gerçekleştirilmiş olup Osman Çeviksoy’un hikâyelerini 2019 Türkçe Öğretim Programında yer alan on (10) kök değer açısından incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada veriler doküman analizi yöntemi ve içerik analizi tekniğiyle çözümlenmiş, sıklık açısından değerlendirilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Yapılan araştırmaya göre Osman Çeviksoy’un hikâyelerinde en çok kullanılan kök değer sevgi (f=147) olup sırasıyla yardımseverlik (f=131), saygı (f=102), sorumluluk (f=94) ve öz denetim (f=46) değerleri eserde en çok yer alan değerler olmuştur. Bunları sabır (f=39), dostluk (f=38), dürüstlük (f=33), vatanseverlik (f=20) ve adalet (f=17) değerleri takip etmiştir. Eserde en çok kullanılan kök değer sevgi, en az yer alanlar ise adalet ve vatanseverlik değerleridir. Alanda yapılan çalışmalar ve elde edilen bulgulardan hareketle Osman Çeviksoy’un hikâyelerinin değerler açısından zengin bir niteliğe sahip olması dolayısıyla bu eserlerin değerler eğitimi sürecinde yararlanılabilecek önemli kaynaklar arasında yer aldığı kanısına varılmış, bu eserlerin özellikle ortaokul düzeyindeki öğrenciler tarafından okunabileceği ifade edilmiştir

    Effect of using hybrid nanofluids as a coolant on the thermal performance of portable thermoelectric refrigerators

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    This study investigated the effect of using hybrid nanofluids as a refrigerant in portable thermoelectric refrigerator applications on thermal performance. For this purpose, a cooling cabinet with an internal volume of 36 L was designed and produced. Then, the Peltier assembly, with a water-cooled block attached to its hot surface, was placed in this cooling cabinet from the middle of its front cover. With the help of a refrigerant, the heat was removed from the Peltier's hot surface and transferred to the atmosphere via a water-to-air heat exchanger. Hybrid nanofluids prepared with Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 and nanoparticles and water were used as the refrigerant in the system. To evaluate the thermal performances of these hybrid nanofluids, the tests were repeated using water without added nanoparticles as the reference case. According to the results obtained from the experimental study, it was observed that in all cases, tests using nanofluids gave better results than the reference cases. In addition, it was determined that the efficiency obtained from the system increased as the nanoparticle ratio in the mixture increased in all cases. Despite significant improvements in cooling cabinet and cooled product temperatures in hybrid nanofluids, the COP values of the systems are slightly lower than in the reference case due to the Peltier effect. Considering the difference between the first and last temperatures of the cooled cabinet, the greatest improvement compared to the reference situation was determined as 30.3 % in the case of loaded state conditions and in the case of using 2 % Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2-Water nanofluid. For the unloaded conditions, this value was obtained as 25.1 % in the case of using 2 % Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2-Water nanofluid. On the other hand, for the unloaded condition, the lowest COP value was calculated as 0.47 and 0.45 when Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2-Water nanofluid was used in 1 % and 2 % mass fraction, respectively. For the loaded condition, this value was found as 0.48 in the case where 1 % Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2-Water and 0.47 in the case where 2 % Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2-Water nanofluid was used.King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia [RGP 2/32/43]The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia for funding this work through the Research Group Program under Grant No: YRGP 2/32/43

    Optimized Machine Learning Algorithms for Investigating the Relationship Between Economic Development and Human Capital

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    In Economic Development, human capital was previously seen as production factors but gradually evolved into endogenous growth theories. Most of the previous studies have examined the relationships between economic development and human capital via econometric models. Since this relationship is usually nonlinear and machine learning (ML) models can resolve it better, this study investigates the relationships by employing ML methods to provide a new perspective. For this purpose, the optimized ML methods, namely Bayesian Tuned Support Vector Machine and Bayesian Tuned Gaussian Process Regression (BT-GPR), were performed to develop the prediction model for economic development. The hyperparameters have been optimized with the Bayes method by using different kernel functions to increase SVM and GPR methods' predictive performance. The Multiple Linear Regression model has been employed to make a comparison as an econometric model. The performance of the models is evaluated using three statistical metrics, namely, the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and coefficient of determination (R-2). The BT-GPR with the exponential kernel model has superior prediction ability with the highest accuracy (R-2: 0.9727, RMSE: 0.4022, MAE: 0.3728 in the testing phase). The study shows that the BT-GPR model increases the accuracy of R-2 6.4%, RMSE 10.7%, and MAE 1% compared with other developed models

    Nahiv applications in Mahmud Hamza Efendi's commentary work of Dürrü'l-Esrâr (Sample of Bakara period)

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    Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Temel İslam Bilimleri Ana Bilim DalıBu araştırmada Mahmûd Hamza Efendi'nin hayatı ve eserlerine yer verilmiş, Dürrü'l-esrâr adlı eseri, ihtivâ ettiği konular bakımından (Bakara Sûresi Örneği) incelenmiş ve farklı örnekler verilerek konunun anlaşılmasına katkı sağlanmıştır. Mahmûd Hamza Efendi'nın Dürrü'l-esrâr adlı eserinde geçen i'râb vecihlerinin değerlendirilmesi yapılmış olup söz konusu tefsîrde geçen mühmel/noktasız Nahiv ıstılahları tespit edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda tespit edilen bu mühmel kavramların noktalı harflerden oluşan eş anlamlıları da tespit edilmiş olup ilgili konuda belirtilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Şâm Müftüsü, Mahmûd Hamza Efendi, Hamzâvî, Dürrü'l-esrâr, etTefsîrü'l-mühmel.In this research, Mahmûd Hamza Efendi's life and works are included, his tafsir work called Dürrü'l-esrâr has been examined in terms of the subjects it contains (The Example of Baccarat Period) and it has contributed to the understanding of the subject by giving different examples. The i'râb aspects in Mahmûd Hamza Efendi's tafsir work called Dürrü'l-esrâr (The Example of Baccarat Period) were evaluated and the muhmel/non-punctuated syntax terms in the said tafsir were determined. At the same time, the synonyms of these probable concepts, consisting of dotted letters, were also determined and stated in the relevant subject. Keywords: Mufti of Damascus, Mahmûd Hamza Efendi, Hamzâvî, Dürrü'l-esrâr, etTefsîrü'l-mühmel

    Boundedness of solutions to a quasilinear parabolic-parabolic chemotaxis model with variable logistic source

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    This paper deals with the higher dimension quasilinear parabolic-parabolic chemotaxis model involving a source term of logistic type u(t) = del . (phi(u)del u) - V . (psi(u)del upsilon) + g(x, u), tau upsilon(t) = del upsilon - upsilon + u, in (x, t) is an element of Omega x (0, T), subject to nonnegative initial data and homogeneous Neumann boundary condition, where Omega is a smooth and bounded domain in R-N, N >= 1 and psi, phi, g are smooth, positive functions satisfying nu s(q) = sigma s(p), p,q is an element of R, nu, chi, sigma > 0 when s >= s(0) >1, g(x, s) 0, eta >= 0, mu > 0 constants and g(x, 0) >= 0, x is an element of Omega, where k, m are measurable functions with 0 1 which in logistic source term g(s) 0, eta >= 0 , > 0 as variable exponents k(.) >= 0, m(.) > 1 with k(+) mu(0) for some mu(0) > 0, then there exists a classical solution which is global in time and bounded. Furthermore, if q < m(-) - 1, we prove that the classical solutions to the above system are uniformly in-time-bounded without restriction on mu

    The level of awareness of local products that have received a geographical indication in Bayburt province and its effect on consumer attitudes

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    Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Organik Tarım İşletmeciliği Ana Bilim DalıKüreselleşme ile birlikte dünya ticaretinde aşırı kar elde etme düşüncesi, içeriği oynanmış ürünlerin pazar paylarını artırmıştır. Yaşanılan bu gelişmeler tüketicilerin ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilecek ve pazarda taklit edilmiş kullanımlara karşı koruyucu nitelikte ortaya konan stratejiler coğrafi işaret düzenlemelerini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu çalışma Bayburt ilinde yaşayan tüketicilerin Bayburt iline ait coğrafi işaretli yöresel ürünlerle ilgili bilgi seviyelerinin, tutum ve davranışlarının istatistiksel sınamalar yapılarak ortaya konması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın popülasyonu Bayburt' ta ikamet etmekte olan tüketiciler arasından kolay örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilmiştir. Nicel araştırma modeli benimsenerek yürütülen bu çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak anket kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 423 tüketici oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmayla ilgili verilerin elde edilmesine 2021 yılı Nisan ayında başlanıp Haziran ayında sonlandırılmıştır. Ankette tüketici tutum ölçeği ve marka bilinirliği ölçeğinden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, SPSS-25 istatistik programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bayburt ilinde coğrafi işaret almış bulunan toplam 12 yöresel ürün olduğu ve bu ürünlerin ayırt edici özelliklerinden bahsedilerek bu ürünlerin tanıtımı yapılmıştır. Tüketicilerin coğrafi işaretli ürün konusunda yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadıkları ve Bayburt'a ait coğrafi işaret almış ürünlerin tanıtımı noktasında eksiklikler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bayburt balı haricinde diğer coğrafi işaretli ürünlerde markalaşmaya gidilmemesi nedeniyle coğrafi işaretli ürünlerin bilinirlik düzeyinin tüketiciler nezdinde düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Tüketicilerin coğrafi işaretli ürünlere daha fazla ödeme yapmayı göze almalarına rağmen coğrafi işaretli ürünlere erişimde zorluklar yaşadıkları tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar kapsamında tüketicilerin coğrafi işaretli ürün algısı ve bilinirliği ile coğrafi işaretli ürün satın alma davranışı arasında pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Araştırma bulgularında markanın dikkat çekiciliği faktörünün coğrafi işaret algısı faktörü üzerinde en yüksek etkiye, coğrafi işaret hassasiyeti faktörü üzerinde ise en az etkiye sahip olduğu; markanın görünürlüğü faktörünün ise coğrafi işaret erişilebilirliği faktörü üzerinde en yüksek, coğrafi işaret hassasiyeti faktörü üzerinde ise en düşük etkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür.With the globalization, the idea of making excessive profit in world trade has increased the market shares of the products whose content has been manipulated. These developments have revealed geographical indication regulations, which are strategies that can meet the needs of consumers and protect against imitated uses in the market. This study was carried out in order to reveal the knowledge levels, attitudes and behaviors of consumers living in Bayburt about regional products with geographical indications of Bayburt by making statistical tests. The population of the study was selected from among consumers residing in Bayburt by easy sampling method. In this study, which was carried out by adopting a quantitative research model, a questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. The sample of the research consists of 423 consumers. The collection of data related to the research started in April 2021 and ended in June. Consumer attitude scale and brand awareness scale were used in the survey. The obtained data were analyzed using the SPSS-25 statistical program. In the province of Bayburt, a total of 12 regional products with geographical indications and their distinctive features were mentioned and these products were introduced. It has been determined that the consumers do not have enough information about the geographically indicated product and there are deficiencies in the promotion of the products that have received the geographical indication belonging to Bayburt. It has been observed that the level of awareness of geographically indicated products is low in the eyes of consumers, since there is no branding in other geographically indicated products except Bayburt honey. Although consumers are willing to pay more for products with geographical indications, it has been determined that they have difficulties in accessing products with geographical indications. Within the scope of these results, it has been revealed that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between consumers' perception and awareness of geographically indicated products and their purchasing behavior of geographically indicated products. In the research findings, it was found that the brand's attractiveness factor had the highest effect on the geographical indication perception factor and the least effect on the geographical indication sensitivity factor; It was seen that the brand visibility factor had the highest effect on the geographical indication accessibility factor and the lowest effect on the geographical indication sensitivity factor

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