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Structure-function-guided design of synthetic peptides with anti-infective activity derived from wasp venom
No full textAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) derived from natural toxins and venoms offer a promising alternative source of antibiotics. Here, through structure-function-guided design, we convert two natural AMPs derived from the venom of the solitary eumenine wasp Eu-menes micado into a-helical AMPs with reduced toxicity that kill Gram-negative bacteria in vitro and in a preclinical mouse model. To identify the sequence determinants conferring antimicrobial ac-tivity, an alanine scan screen and strategic single lysine substitutions are made to the amino acid sequence of these natural peptides. These efforts yield a total of 34 synthetic derivatives, including alanine substituted and lysine-substituted sequences with stabilized a-helical structures and increased net positive charge. The resulting lead synthetic peptides kill the Gram-negative pathogens Escheri-chia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1 and PA14) by rapidly permeabilizing both their outer and cytoplasmic membranes, exhibit anti-infective efficacy in a mouse model by reducing bacte-rial loads by up to three orders of magnitude, and do not readily select for bacterial resistance.Procter Gamble Company; BBRF Young Investigator Grant; Nemirovsky Prize; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Langer Prize (AIChE Foundation); National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health [R35GM138201]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [HDTRA11 810041, HDTRA1-21-1-0014, HDTRA1-23-1-0001]; Xunta de Galicia; social European funding (FSE) of the European Union [P30-AR069589]; United Therapeutics; Turkish Council of Higher Education (CoHE) Research Scholarship for Doctoral Studies Abroad [2016/10585-4]; Fundacao de Amparo aPesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); Penn Skin Biology and Diseases Resource-based Center - NIH/NIAMS [2019/15871-3]; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; [ED481A-2019/081]; [YOK-YUDAB/2019]C.d.l.F.-N. holds a Presidential Professorship at the University of Pennsylvania and acknowledges funding from the Procter & Gamble Company, United Therapeutics, a BBRF Young Investigator Grant, the Nemirovsky Prize, the Penn Health-Tech Accelerator Award, and the Dean's Innovation Fund from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. Research reported in this publication was supported by the Langer Prize (AIChE Foundation) , the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under award number R35GM138201, and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA; HDTRA11 810041, HDTRA1-21-1-0014, and HDTRA1-23-1-0001) . We thank Dr. Karen Pepper for editing the manuscript and de la Fuente Lab members for insightful discussions. We thank the Fundacao de Amparo aPesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) for the provided grants (A.B. 2016/10585-4 and 2019/15871-3) , Xunta de Galicia for a pre-doctoral fellowship 2019 co-funded with the social European funding (FSE) of the European Union (ED481A-2019/081) , and Turkish Council of Higher Education (CoHE) Research Scholarship for Doctoral Studies Abroad (YOK-YUDAB/2019) . We thank Dr. Mark Goulian for kindly donating E. coli JW2703 (hypermutant strain) DmutSkan. (from the Keio collection) . Keratinocytes were purchased from the Penn Skin Biology and Diseases Resource-based Center (SBDRC) and, as a result, support for this work was also provided by the Penn Skin Biology and Diseases Resource-based Center, funded by NIH/NIAMS grant P30-AR069589 and the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine. All figures were prepared in BioRender.com
Altın Bülbül” Masalının Duyguların Dil Bildirimi Açısından İncelenmesi
No full textEdebiyat, dilin bilgilendirme ve duygulandırma işlevlerinin etkin olarak yer aldığı sanatsal bir alandır. Edebiyatın ilk ürünlerini içeren sözlü edebiyat, sanatsal bakış açısının ikinci planda olduğu, bilgi aktarımını ve duygulandırmayı amaçlayan sayısız kolektif metin sunmaktadır. Dilin en temel işlevi iletişimdir, dolayısıyla dil ile oluşturulan her unsurun amacı bir şeyleri iletmektir. Bir edebî ürün okuyucuya/ dinleyiciye geçmişteki olay ve olgular hakkında, dış dünyayla ilgili nesnel bilgiler verebilir; onun iç dünyasındaki duyguları harekete geçirebilir. Sözlü edebiyat ürünlerinde dinleyiciye bilgiler ve duygular sembollerle, millî kodlarla örülü biçimde, metnin dokusuna ve altyapısına işlenmiş olarak verilir. Dinleyici, millî kültürüne ait bu sembol ve kodları anlar. Aktarılmak ve yaşatılmak istenen duygu dinleyiciye nüfuz eder. Kolektif bellekte yer alan etik değerler, geçmiş yaşantılar, üzüntü ve sevinçler, kültürel tüm ögeler böylece nesilden nesile aktarılır. Üretim faaliyetlerinin ve bedensel hareketliliğin mecburen durduğu uzun kış gecelerinde insanlar, bir mekânda toplanıp mental faaliyetlerde bulunarak sosyal yapıyı bir arada tutmayı, kültürel devamlılığı sağlamıştır. Bu faaliyetlerde sözlü edebiyat ürünleri, eğlence, mizah, zevk uyandıran birer araç olarak yer almıştır. Bilmeceler, destanlar, masallar, hikâyeler, türküler vb. vasıtasıyla toplumdaki değerler, duygular ve tecrübî bilgilerin devamlılığı tesis edilmiştir. Bireysel ve sosyal açıdan türlü işlev ve yararları vardır. Bu ürünlerde bireyin ve toplumun iç dünyasını oluşturan zihin/ duygu yapısı ortaya konur. Dış dünyanın bireyin iç dünyasındaki yansıması olarak görülebilecek duygular, dile yansır. Her dilin duygu ve düşünceleri bildirim yolu birbirinden farklıdır. Duygusal hafıza, zihinde kalıcı iz bırakan ve bireyin zihninde tehlike sinyali işlevi gören uyarıcı yönüyle ön plandadır. Dillerin duyguları ifade ediş şekilleri bu bağlamda farklılık gösterse de temel olarak sekiz duygudan bahsedilir: sevinç, üzüntü, sevgi, tiksinme, korku, öfke, utanç ve hayret. Masallar, toplumun duygu ve düşünce dünyasını yansıtırlar. Dilin duygusal işlevi ve eğitsel işlev açısından zengin bir içeriğe sahiptirler. Bu çalışmada Altın Bülbül adlı masaldaki duygu bildirim dili incelenmiş, sekiz temel duygudan sevgi, sevinç, korku, öfke, üzüntü, hayret göstergelerinin ağırlıklı olarak kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Duygu göstergeleri bilişsel olarak ve masaldaki işlevleri yönüyle açıklanmıştır
BİR KÜLTÜR TAŞIYICISI BİREY OLARAK İMDAT SANCAR VE BAYBURT SAĞDIÇ DÜĞÜNLERİ
No full textBayburt, geographically located on the historical Silk Road that connects the Eastern Black Sea region with the Northeastern Anatolia region, is one of the ancient cities in the region. Throughout history, due to its location on the trade route, this city has been continuously inhabited, and it possesses a rich and deep cultural heritage. This cultural heritage, although constantly evolving in today’s digital world with rapid advancements in transportation and communication, has been largely preserved and passed down to the present day. In this regard, one of the most special cities in our country, Bayburt, has greatly benefited from individuals who both understand and actively preserve its culture. One of these individuals is İmdat Sancar. İmdat Sancar is one of the rare individuals who fit UNESCO’s definition of “culture bearers” with his knowledge of traditional folk songs, the songs he has composed, his participation in folk music events, and the traditional “sağdıç düğünü” (best man’s wedding) ceremonies he organizes. His special quality lies not only in his knowledge of the culture but also in his ability to actively practice and pass it on to others. The subject of this study is the traditional “sağdıç düğünü” (best man’s wedding) ceremonies known by İmdat Sancar. These ceremonies are actually categorized as village performance plays, falling within the realm of theatrical performances. These plays were collected from İmdat Sancar himself using interview methods and were analyzed from the perspective of Functional Theory. Content analysis was also conducted. As a result of the examination, it was determined that these plays serve various functions within the community and encompass a wealth of traditional knowledge and practices that are integral to people’s daily lives. © 2023 Goce Delchev University of Shtip. All rights reserved
DÖVİZ KURU VE HİSSE SENEDİ FİYATLARI GEÇİŞKENLİĞİ: BİST100 VE ALT ENDEKSLER ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA
No full textHisse senedi piyasası ile döviz kurları arasındaki ilişki özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkeler için araştırılmaktadır. Çünkü bu ülkeler ekonomik büyümeleri için dış tasarruflara ihtiyaç duymaktadırlar. Ayrıca yabancı fonlar da bu piyasalarda var olan fırsatları değerlendirmek üzere farklı sektörlere yatırım yapmayı tercih etmektedirler. Bu sektörlerden biri de hisse senedi piyasasıdır. Hisse senedi piyasasına gelen fonların nedeni ise literatürde farklı teoriler yardımı ile açıklanmaktadır. Bu teoriler, özellikle gelişmekte olan ülke piyasaları üzerine geçerliliği incelenmektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışmada Türkiye’de hisse senedi piyasaları arasında yer alan BİST100, BİST Mali, BİST Hizmet, BİST Sınai ve BİST Teknoloji endeksleri ile döviz kuru arasındaki ilişki araştırılmaktadır. Bu amaçla çalışmada beş farklı model kullanılmış ve bu modelleri tahmin etmek üzere ARDL yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. ARDL yönteminden elde edilen bulgulara göre BİST100, BİST Mali ve BİST Hizmet endekslerinde geleneksel teorilerin geçerli olduğu belirlenmiştir. BİST Teknoloji endeksinde ise portföy teorisinin varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Son olarak BİST Sınai endeksinde ise döviz kuru ile hisse senedi arasında bir ilişki olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır
Determination of the molecular structure and spectroscopic properties of capsaicin
No full textIn this study, the ground state molecular structure and spectroscopic features of cis-and trans-forms of capsaicin were investigated using DFT (B3LYP) invoking 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The optimized geometry of capsaicin was determined for the isolated molecule in a vacuum, and then the vibrational spectra -IR and Raman-were obtained, and the assignments of fundamental vibrational modes were done. By applying the GIAO method, proton and carbon chemical shifts were computed for the gas and solvated phases. Besides using the TD-DFT, the Hirshfeld surface and Molecular Electrostatic Potential surfaces were obtained and evaluated to understand the electronic properties. The Total and partial density of state (TDOS and PDOS) spectra were also examined. All obtained computational results were compared with the previously reported experimental data. A high accuracy was obtained for the ground state geometrical structure, and thus, the vibrational frequencies especially lie on the finger print region are predicted also with a high correlation. Similarly, the optimization of chemical shift values calculated by considering solvent effects with experimental data were found as high R2 values of 0.9953 and 0.9455 for C and H atoms, respectively. This comparison shows that the DFT method precisely predicts capsaicin's molecular and spectroscopic characteristics
Sesame seed protein: Amino acid, functional, and physicochemical profiles
No full textSesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an erect herbaceous annual plant with flat seeds. It is one of the oldest cultivated oilseed plants in the world, especially popular in Africa and Asia. The present research objective was to describe a sesame protein isolate, i.e., its amino acid profile, functional and physicochemical properties, zeta potential, and hydrodynamic diameter. The surface charge and hydrodynamic diameter in aqueous solutions were obtained for standard sesame seeds, defatted sesame seeds, and the sesame protein isolate. Defatted sesame seeds yielded the following optimal parameters: salt concentration - 0.6 M, pH - 7, iso-electric point (pI) - 4. The sesame protein isolate was rich in methionine content, which is rare in other plant proteins, but its lysine content was lower than in other isolates. The sesame protein isolate displayed almost identical zeta potential profiles with its pH. The decreasing pH increased the zeta values gradually from the lowest negative value to the highest positive value. The zeta potentials of standard and defatted sesame seeds at pH 7 were -23.53 and -17.30, respectively. The hydrodynamic diameter of the sesame protein isolate (0.33 mu m) was smaller than that of sesame seeds (2.64 mu m) and defatted sesame seeds (3.02 mu m). The sesame protein isolate had a water holding capacity of 1.26 g/g and an oil holding capacity of 3.40 g/g. Its emulsifying properties looked as follows: emulsion capacity - 51.32%, emulsion stability - 49.50%, emulsion activity index - 12.86 m2/g, and emulsion stability index - 44.96 min, respectively. These values are suitable for the sesame protein isolate and are consistent with the literature. The sesame protein isolate was a good source of protein (88.98%). Using sesame proteins as functional components can be an important basis for better knowledge of the relationship between electrical charge interactions in food matrices and the structure, stability, shelf life, texture, structural and functional properties of food. Research prospects include the effects of sesame protein isolates on various foo
Prioritising and selecting the railway routes planned in the Eastern Black Sea Region with the AHP and TOPSIS methods
No full textThe construction of the railway, which is needed for the development of the Eastern Black Sea Region, is an issue that has been discussed and unresolved for about 110 years. The geomorphological structure of the region and the developments in the highway played a role in the delay of the railway construction. However, the developing technology in the railway, Turkey's being a part of the Iron Silk Road Project, and the agreements made with international connections have brought the railway construction to the region again. In the Environmental Plan (EP) approved and in force by the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change, four railway routes are planned to integrate the Eastern Black Sea region with the national/international railway network. These routes are; Samsun-Sarp, Trabzon-Erzincan, Of -Erzurum and Tirebolu-Bayburt. However, some of these routes are alternatives to each other and are not feasible and rational since the implementation of all planned routes requires great costs. The aim of this study is to develop a method for prioritizing and selecting the railway routes planned in the EP. Within the scope of this purpose, by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and TOPSIS techniques, which are multi-criteria decision making methods, the routes were listed according to 4 criteria and 10 sub-criteria determined with the help of literature and expert team. As a result of the study; In both techniques, the order was the same and it was determined that the Samsun-Sarp railway was the most priority railway route. Trabzon-Erzincan came second, Of-Erzurum came third and Tirebolu-Bayburt came fourth
DEĞERLER EĞİTİMİ AÇISINDAN YAVUZ BAHADIROĞLU’NUN ÇOCUK ROMANLARI VE HİKÂYELERİ
No full textBu araştırmada Yavuz Bahadıroğlu’nun ilköğretim seviyesi için yazdığı çocuk romanları ve hikâyelerinin değerler eğitimi açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Eserlerde hangi değerlerin olduğu, ne sıklıkta yer aldığı ve bu değerlerin içselleştirilebilmesi için yazarın nasıl bir anlayış benimsediği tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular nitel araştırma deseniyle ve doküman analizi yöntemiyle sağlanmıştır. Çocuk romanı olarak 16, hikâye kitabı olarak da 5 adet eser incelenmiştir. Değerlere yönelik ileti sunduğu düşünülen her içerik fişlenerek temalar ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Eserlerde en sık işlenen değerler iyilik ve yardımseverlik (75), dinî değerler (70) olurken, hatadan pişmanlık duyma (38), tarih bilinci ve yurt sevgisi (36) ve acımak (35) değerleridir. En az yer verilenler ise komşuluk (4), mertlik (4), temizlik (2) ve vefa (1) değerleridir. Eserlerde yer verilen değerlerin okuyucu tarafından içselleştirilmesi için olumlu örneklerle birlikte olumsuz örneklerden de yararlanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. İçerikte sunulan değerlerin benimsenmesi için kullanılan yöntemlerden biri de değerlerin okuyucunun model alacağı ya da özdeşim kuracağı ideal karakter üzerinden sunulmasıdır. Tercih edilen bu yöntemde karakterler iyi ve kötü eksenli olmak üzere iki ayrı kutupta tasarlanmıştır. Bu nedenle yazar, değer aktarımı için salt iyilikten değil, kötülüğün de olduğu gerçeklikten yararlanmıştır
Extraction of Functional Compounds from Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) by Deep Eutectic Solvents at Different Properties
No full textIn this study, it was aimed to examine the capacity of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with different contents to extract bioactive compounds from tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) plant. For this reason, the total phenolic-flavonoid content, total proanthocyanidin content and antioxidant/antimicrobial activities of the prepared DES extracts were investigated, as well as the individual phenolic and individual amino acid profiles. According to the results, DES10 had the highest efficiency in terms of its capacity to extract individual phenolics (approximately 59 mg/100 g) and individual amino acids (approximately 2500 mg/kg), and also gave a higher yield compared to ethanol (approximately 44 mg/100 g for individual phenolics and about 19810 mg/kg for individual amino acids) and methanol (approximately 58 mg/100 g for individual phenolics and approximately 21430 mg/kg for individual amino acids). However, the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity values of DES extracts were determined between 59.09-77.50 mg GAE/100 g, 28.68-45.55 mg GAE/100 g and 42.96-146.86 mg TE/100 g, respectively. Therefore, it can be recommended to use these green solvents, which are known as environmentally friendly, as an alternative to organic solvents in the process of preparing extracts of this important medicinal plant in different areas
Characterization of the black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) honey from Turkiye
No full textThis case report study investigated the botanical, physicochemical, and phenolic compositions, as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of varying amounts of black cumin honey (Nigella sativa) from Burdur region of Turkiye. The samples had an average moisture value of 17.23% and a Nigella sativa pollen ratio ranging from 19% to 51%. Electrical conductivity (EC) values ranged from 0.36 to 0.54 mS/cm. The average color values of Hunter (L, a, b) were 43.55 (L*), 32.77 (a*), and 64.52 (b*), respectively. The proline contents were ranged from 875 to 1624 mg/kg. The average F/G ratio and F+G value were 1.43 +/- 0.11 and 68.75 +/- 4.75, respectively. The average of total phenolic (TP) and total flavonoid (TF) contents were 36.87 +/- 7.00 mg GAE/100 g and 5.63 +/- 1.45 mg QUE/100 g, respectively. The antioxidant capacities of the samples were tested using the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, with mean values of 179.40 +/- 25.35 mu mol FeSO4 center dot 7H(2)O/100 g and 46.07 +/- 12.87 mg/mL, respectively. The phenolic composition of the samples were tested using the HPLC-PDA method with 25 phenolic standards. Gallic acid, p-OH benzoic acid, t-cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, chrysin, and pinocembrin were determined as common components. The samples exhibited high antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Chromobacterium violaceum, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter haemolyticus, but did not affect Candida albicans, Candida parapilopsis, or Mycobacterium smegmatis.Burdur Beekeeping AssociationWe are most grateful to the Burdur Beekeeping Association for their support with the collection and delivery of Burdur region honey