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Recent Insights into the Use of Antagonistic Yeasts for Sustainable Biomanagement of Postharvest Pathogenic and Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Fruits with Their Prevention Strategies against Mycotoxins
No full textFungi-induced postharvest diseases are the leading causesof foodloss and waste. In this context, fruit decay can be directly attributedto phytopathogenic and/or mycotoxin-producing fungi. The U.N. SustainableDevelopment Goals aim to end hunger by 2030 by improving food security,sustainable agriculture, and food production systems. Antagonisticyeasts are one of the methods presented to achieve these goals. Unlikephysical and chemical methods, harnessing antagonistic yeasts as abiological method controls the decay caused by fungi and adsorbs and/ordegrades mycotoxins sustainably. Therefore, antagonistic yeasts andtheir antifungal mechanisms have gained importance. Additionally,mycotoxins' biodetoxification is carried out due to the occurrenceof mycotoxin-producing fungal species in fruits. Combinations withprocesses and agents have been investigated to increase antagonisticyeasts' efficiency. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensivesummary of studies on preventing phytopathogenic and mycotoxigenicfungi and their mycotoxins in fruits, as well as biocontrolling andbiodetoxification mechanisms
Exergetic Analyses of Hypersonic Flows
No full textHypersonic devices and vehicles and hypersonic flows are very important and competitive advanced technology in science and in the World. Hypersonic technology is rapidly spreading and turning into competition in developed countries, especially in space studies and defense industry. This technology is vital for developed countries. Because of shock waves emerging in hypersonic devices during hypersonic flow, the energy and exergy destructions they cause are the most important difficulties, obstacles and problems which arise in this vital technology. To overcome these problems and difficulties, to prevent or reduce or minimize energy and exergy destruction, aerodynamic analysis and energy and exergy analysis methods are applied. The data and the results that can be guiding and useful for the calculations and the design have been obtained. In this study optimal design and optimum calculations ways of the energy and exergy destructions of hypersonic devices and instruments are discussed. It is obtained and shown that how much exergy destruction and entropy production occurs at which altitude and hypersonic velocities and also at which oblique shock angles. © IJCESEN
Correlation Between K-value, Density Index and Bifilm Index in Determination of Liquid Al Cleanliness
No full textAluminum alloys are widely used in the industry thanks to its many advantages such as light weight and high strength. The use of this material in the market is increasing day by day with the developing technology. Due to the high energy inputs in the primary production, the use of secondary ingots by recycling from scrap material are more advantageous. However, the liquid metal quality is quite important in the use of secondary aluminum. It is believed that the quality of recycled aluminum is low, for this purpose, many liquid metal cleaning methods and test methods are used in the industry to assess the melt cleanliness level. In this study, it is aimed to examine the liquid metal quality in castings with varying temperature using K mold. A206 alloy was used, and the test parameters were selected as: (i) at 725 & DEG;C, 750 & DEG;C and 775 & DEG;C casting temperatures, (ii) different hydrogen levels. The hydrogen level was adjusted as low, medium and high with degassing, as-cast, and upgassing of the melt, respectively. The liquid metal quality of the cast samples was examined by the K mold technique. When the results were examined, it was determined that metal K values and the number of inclusions were high at the as-cast and up-gas liquid with increasing casting temperatures. It has been understood that the K mold technique is a practical method for the determination of liquid metal quality, if there is no reduced pressure test machine available at the foundry floor
Sacred ecology in Altai epic
No full textLisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Ana Bilim DalıTüm dünyada hissedilen çevre problemlerinin ekosisteme yansıyan olumsuz etkisi gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Doğaya dair çevre bilgisi ile toplumların ekokültürel değerleri, insanların doğaya karşı davranışlarında belirleyici olmaktadır. Ekolojik problemler üzerine çözümler üretmeye çalışan çevreci akımlardan biri olan derin ekoloji felsefesi, insanmerkezci çevre yaklaşımına karşı olmakla birlikte amacı sadece insanı korumak olan sığ ekolojik tutumları da eleştirmektedir. İnsanı dünyanın hükümdarı değil ekosistemin bir parçası olarak gören derin ekoloji felsefesi doğanın bütünlüğü anlayışını savunmaktadır. Derin ekolojistlere göre doğadaki her unsuru değerli görüp ona saygı duymak, manevi bağla kurulmuş ekolojik benlik algısıyla mümkündür. Kutsal ekoloji; dünyadaki yerli ve kırsal halkların sahip olduğu bilgi birikimlerini inceler, bu bilgileri ve onların bilgiyi öğrenme yollarını araştırır. Bu çalışmada Altay destanları, derin ekoloji felsefesinin ilkeleri ve kutsal ekoloji kavramı çerçevesinde betimsel analiz tekniği ve ekoeleştirel bir yaklaşımla incelenmiştir. Altay Türklerinin ekokültürel bilincini destan metinleri üzerinden tespit edilen bulgularla günümüz doğa bilincine katkı sunulmaya çalışılmıştır. Betimsel analiz yöntemiyle incelenen Maaday Kara, Oçı Bala, Ay Sologoy Lo Kun Kologoy destanları üzerinden Altay Türklerinin ekokültürel bilincine ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Altay Türklerinin doğadaki her şeyi canlı görme, doğayla bütünleşme, birlikte yaşam, biyosferik eşitlik, doğaya içsel değer verme ve ekomerkezli doğa anlayışına dayalı bir ekolojik benlik geliştirdikleri görülmüştür.The negative impact of environmental problems, which are felt all over the world, on the ecosystem is increasing day by day. Environmental knowledge about nature and eco-cultural values of societies are determinative in people's behavior towards nature. Deep ecology philosophy, which is one of the environmentalist movements that try to produce solutions on ecological problems, is against the anthropocentric environmental approach, but also criticizes the shallow ecological attitudes whose purpose is only to protect people. The philosophy of deep ecology, which sees man as a part of the ecosystem, not the ruler of the world, advocates the understanding of the integrity of nature. According to deep ecologists, seeing every element in nature as valuable and respecting it is possible with an ecological self-perception established with a spiritual bond. Sacred ecology; examines the knowledge of indigenous and rural peoples around the world, and explores this knowledge and their ways of learning it. In this study, the Altai epics were examined with a descriptive analysis technique and an ecocritical approach within the framework of the principles of deep ecology philosophy and the concept of sacred ecology. It has been tried to contribute to today's nature consciousness with the findings determined through the epic texts of the eco-cultural consciousness of the Altai Turks. It has been tried to reach the eco-cultural consciousness of Altai Turks through the epics of Maaday Kara, Oçı Bala, Ay Sologoy Lo Kun Kologoy, which were examined by descriptive analysis method. It has been seen that Altai Turks have developed an ecological self based on seeing everything in nature alive, integrating with nature, living together, biospheric equality, giving intrinsic value to nature and ecocentric nature understanding. Daha sonra doldurulacaktı
The success of critical velocity protocol on predicting 10000 meters running performance
No full textBackground and Study Aim The study aims to evaluate which of the critical velocity (CV) estimates of the three widely used models and the best-fit model successfully predict the running performance of 10000 meters. Material and Methods The group of participants in this study consisted of 11 British endurance athletes. The CV estimations were obtained from the models with the athletes' running velocity and exhaustion times of 1500, 3000, and 5000 meters (m). The information was taken from a website where the results of the British athletes are recorded. In terms of selecting endurance athletes, the data of the athletes who ran 1500 m, 3000 m, 5000 m, and 10000 m in the same two years were included in this study. By fitting the data into mathematical models, the CV estimates of the three mathematical models and the individual best-fit model were compared with the 10000 m running velocity. The CV estimates were obtained by fitting the relevant data on the running velocity, exhaustion time, and running distance of the three running distances of athletes to each of the three mathematical models. Results 10000 m running velocity and times of the athletes corresponded to 19.65 +/- 1.26 km/h and 30.4 +/- 1.94 minutes, respectively. The CV values obtained from the three mathematical models and 10000 m running velocity were similar (p > 0.05). Although the lowest total standard error levels were obtained with the best individual fit method, the 10000 m running velocity was overestimated (p < 0.05). Conclusions Three mathematical models predicted 10000 meters of race velocity when an exhaustion interval between 2-15 minutes was used. Even though the mathematically most valid CV value was obtained with the best individual fit method, it overestimated the 10000 m running velocity. When comparing the values of CV and the velocity of running 10,000 meters, our study suggests using the model. This is because the model has the smallest effect size, and there is no statistically significant difference in the total standard error level between the model and the best-fit model
Self-efficacy levels of individuals with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the use of diabetes drugs: The example of Gümüşhane and Bayburt province
No full textThis study was conducted to determine the self-efficacy levels of individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the use of diabetes medication. The population of the descriptive study consisted of individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus residing in Gümüşhane and Bayburt provinces. The sample size was determined with the G*Power 3.1.6.9 program. A total of 315 individuals were reached in the study using a snowball sampling method. Data were collected by “Google Form” us- ing “Personal Information Form” and “Diabetes Medication Self-Efficacy Scale”. In the analysis of the data, independent groups t-test, one-way ANOVA test and Pearson product moments correlation test were used. The average age of the individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus participating in the study was 52.29±14.74 years, the duration of diabetes disease was 9.23±6.25 years, and 81% of them were men. The total average score of the participants from the “Diabetes Medication Self-Efficacy Scale\" was determined as 38.70±12.36 points. It was found that the average total score of the” Diabetes Medication Self-Efficacy Scale\" was higher for women than men, singles than married. Again, the total scale score averages were statistically different according to the occupational group (p<0.001). In addition, the average total score of the “Diabetes Drug Use Self-Efficacy Scale” was found to be higher for individuals who received training on diabetes drug use compared to individuals who did not receive it. It was found that the average scores of the participants from the \"Diabetes Medication Self-Efficacy Scale\" and its sub-dimensions were moderate. In order to increase the diabetes drug use self-efficacy levels of participants diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes, training on the use of diabetes drugs can be expanded
ALMAN INTERNET GAZETELERINDE ALEVILERIN TEMSILI ve TAKDIMI (2007-2023)
No full textIn the study, the media representation of Alevis, which constitutes a subculture form within the Turkish culture in Germany, has been researched. Acting on the assumption that representation is a construction process, in this study, an answer was sought to the question of through which other set of values and beliefs the mass media present Alevis -who they are and what they believe are hardly known both in the realm of academic literature and to the German public. The empirical data of this research, which is a document analysis, were collected from online newspapers, one of the most important information tools of the new media today, and analyzed according to the grounded theory method. A total of 35 articles from 17 different newspapers were subjected to this analysis. The results show that Alevis were noticed by the media with the enactment of the German integration policies, which turned into a debate on Islam towards the end of the 90s, and these policies formed the socio-cultural context of the media representation of Alevis. Although Germany has made considerable progress with these policies, which envisage their one-way integration without due regard to the basic cultural rights of immigrants of Muslim origin, it has fallen behind its ideals of being an open and liberal society. It resorted to the strategy of rebuilding these ideals through Alevism, which it identified as an "alternative Islam" to mainstream Islam. In this context, this study researching the media representation of Alevis concluded that the mass media instrumentalized Alevism by defining it in a way that would serve the interests of German integration policies. © 2023 Ankara Haci Bayram Veli University. All rights reserved
Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted osmotic dehydration as a pretreatment for microwave drying of beetroot (Beta vulgaris)
No full textThe aim of this study was to optimize drying conditions during ultrasonic-assisted osmotic dehydration and subsequent microwave drying of red beetroot using the Box-Behnken design. For this purpose, ultrasonic-assisted osmotic dehydration was performed at different ultrasonic powers (50, 75, and 100 W), sonication times (20, 40, and 60 min), and salt concentrations (0%, 15%, and 30%). The subsequent drying procedures were conducted with 231, 518, and 805 W microwave power. The best condition was selected as 5.15% salt concentration, 20 min sonication time, 50 W ultrasonic power, and 716.45 W microwave power. The responses obtained under optimum conditions were determined as 68.06%, 9.54 mg GAE/g dm, 28.23, 42.66, and 3.08 for DPPH center dot % inhibition, total phenolic content, L*, a*, and b* values, respectively. While favorable impacts on color were detected for the applied pretreatments, the DPPH center dot scavenging activities of the dried beetroot were determined to be more significant after ultrasonic-assisted osmotic dehydration. Furthermore, the drying kinetics of beetroot were evaluated according to the Midilli et al. model. When the fit to the model was investigated, it was compatible at R-2 > 0.90 level. As a result, the ultrasonic-assisted osmotic dehydration pretreatment performed before the microwave drying method preserved the quality characteristics of beetroot samples and was successfully applied
Parameter extraction method for reflection-asymmetric bianisotropic metamaterial slabs using one-port measurements
No full textAn effective microwave method is developed for extracting electromagnetic properties of bianisotropic metamaterial (MM) slabs. As a non-iterative method, it utilizes only the one-port (air-backed and metal -backed MM slab) scattering (S-) parameter measurements. This is a useful feature especially for vector network analyzers, such as MS46131A, MS46121B, and R60, performing only one-port S-parameter measurements. Electromagnetic properties of a bianisotropic MM slab formed by C-shaped resonators are measured by an X -band (8.2-12.4 GHz) rectangular waveguide setup. The effect of any gap between the short-circuit termination for metal-backed measurements and the end of the MM slab on extracted electromagnetic properties is also examined for evaluating the possible error for proposed method.Scientific and Technological Research Council of T?rkiye (TUBITAK) [BIDEB 2211/C]Acknowledgments H. Ozturk acknowledges the Scientific and Technological Research Council of T?rkiye (TUBITAK) BIDEB 2211/C program for supporting his studies
Covid-19 Pandemisinde Trabzon İli Tıbbi Atık Verilerinin Değerlendirilmesi
No full textNüfusun, şehirleşmenin ve toplumsal refah düzeyinin artışı, teknolojinin gelişmesi, satın alma gücünün artışı, tüketim alışkanlıklarının değişimi, hizmetlerde lüks ve kalite arayışı atık miktarını artırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ayrı atık toplama ve azaltma stratejileri ile Trabzon İl Ambulans Servisi ve Toplum Sağlığı Merkezleri'nin atık yönetimini ve bu kurumlardaki atık miktarı ve dağılımına Covid-19'un etkisini incelenmiştir. Covid-19 enfeksiyonunun atık miktarına ve dağılımına etkisini incelemek için ülkemizde Covid-19 enfeksiyonunun ilk görüldüğü 2020 yılı ile önceki ve sonraki yılların verileri karşılaştırılmıştır. Trabzon İli Ambulans Servisinde, ülkemizde ilk Covid-19 vakasının görüldüğü yıl olan 2020 yılında öncesi ve sonrası yıllara göre daha fazla tıbbi atık miktarı (8641 kg) ortaya çıktığı tespit edilmiştir. Toplum Sağlığı Merkezinde ise 2020 yılında oldukça fazla artış gösteren tıbbi atık miktarı, en fazla 2021 yılında (5350 kg) olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Tıbbi atık yönetimi çeşitli riskleri de bünyesinde barındıran maliyetli bir süreçtir. Mevzuata uyumlu atık yönetimi ile riskler engellenebilir ve karşılaşılabilecek iş kazaları da minimize edilebilir. Atık yönetiminin bütün evrelerinde dikkat edilmesi gereken nokta; insan sağlığını, çevre sağlığını ve ekonomiyi olumsuz etkilemeyecek adımların atılmasıdır