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Effective biocatalytic synthesis of enentiopure ( R )-1,2-diphenylethanol as a pharmaceutical precursor using whole-cell biocatalyst
No full textOptically active alcohols are crucial precursors. 1,2-Diarylethanols and their analogues constitute a significant group of substances of biological significance. The biocatalytic synthesis of ( R )-1,2-diphenylethanol ( ( R )-2 ), which can be utilized as a precursor to important drugs, is still not at the desired level in terms of substrate amount and production process. This study asymmetrically reduced 1,2-diphenylethanone (1) using the Lactobacillus paracasei BD87E6 biocatalyst and a novel orthogonal quadratic design -embedded optimization approach. The following reaction optimization conditions were determined using the suggested optimization technique: pH = 6, temperature = 31 C-degrees , incubation period = 48 h, and agitation speed=134 rpm. In addition, the reaction conversion was estimated to be 99.38 %, and the product 's enantiomeric excess (ee) was estimated to be 99.12 %. Further, ( R )-2 was produced with >99 % ee, >99 % conversion, and 98 % yield in the experimental investigation under the established optimum conditions. This study is the first attempt to reduce substrate 1 to (R) or (S)-2 using a mathematical optimization method in the presence of a biocatalyst. Furthermore, on a highgram scale, 1 (15.70 g) was entirely transformed into ( R )-2 (15.54 g, 98 % isolated yield). Notably, this study is also the first to perform the gram -scale production of ( R )-2 using a novel optimization approach and a biocatalyst. Finally, the innovative and novel orthogonal quadratic design -embedded optimization technique has been demonstrated as an efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly biocatalytic procedure for synthesizing ( R )-2
Wet mechanochemical surface modification of calcite employing an integration of conventional design and analytical hierarchy process
No full textThe demand for ultra-fine mineral powders from various industries requires the applications of wet grinding and surface modification. In this study, wet mechanochemical surface modification of micronized calcite (d50 = 4.92 pm) with stearic acid [CH3(CH2)16COOH] was carried out in a planetary ball mill. The seven parameters were specified: ball filling ratio (%), ball size distribution ratio (10 and 15 mm, %), micronized calcite filling ratio (%), pulp solid ratio (wt%), mill speed (rpm), stearic acid dosage (% of micronized calcite) and modification time (min). Then, these parameters were optimized using a conventional experimental design when maximizing the active ratio (%) as a significant value for coated calcite. Besides, the analytical hierarchy process was applied to observe the importance of each parameter. Stearic acid dosage, mill speed, and micronized calcite filling ratio are the top three parameters affecting the active ratio. Next, size distribution, XRF, XRD, SEM, FTIR, TGA-DTA, contact angle, and whiteness measurements were performed on the micronized calcite (MC) and coated micronized calcite (CMC) samples. The final CMC product had a 99.90% active ratio, 2.49 pm mean (d50) particle size, and 101.66o contact angle. Finally, CMC obtained by the surface modification can be used as a filler mineral
FINANCIAL INSTABILITY AND SHADOW BANKING RELATIONSHIP: THE CASE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
No full textThe impact of shadow banking on financial stability remains a controversial issue today due to the size and complexity of these activities and the inadequate regulatory frameworks for systemic risks. In this context, shadow banking has become the focus of financial regulators due to its potential effects on financial stability. Therefore, this study was conducted to understand the impact of shadow banking on financial stability. In this study, the relationship between shadow banking and financial instability is examined using the VAR method for the example of the United States, covering the period 2000-2020. In order to create an accurate model, firstly unit root tests were performed, followed by autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity tests. The findings were found to be significant and Johansen cointegration test was applied. In the cointegration results, it was seen that the series were cointegrated, that is, they moved together in the long run. Finally, a Granger causality test was conducted between shadow banking and financial instability, and according to the empirical findings, it was concluded that there was a causality from shadow banking to financial instability for the period in question
The use of social media as an information activity in the police force: A research on social media users
No full textLisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi Ana Bilim Dalı, Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi Bilim DalıGünümüzde yaşanan teknolojik gelişmeler insan yaşamını önemli ölçüde etkisi altına almıştır. Bu gelişmelerin en önemlisini sosyal bir varlık olan insanı, yakından ilgilendiren iletişim alanında yaşanan yenilikler oluşturmaktadır. İletişim teknolojilerinin gelişimi ile beraber ortaya çıkan sosyal medya kavramı, geniş kitlelere ulaşım, etkileşimli iletişim, anlık geri bildirim ve istenilen içeriğin kolayca sunulması gibi önemli işlevleriyle bireysellikten öteye geçmiş, halkla ilişkiler, pazarlama, reklamcılık ve politika gibi pek çok alanda tercih edilen bir iletişim aracı haline gelmiştir. Bununla beraber insanların yoğun olarak kullanmakta olduğu sosyal medya platformları aracı kılınarak, kamu kurum ve kuruluşları ile kullanıcılar etkileşim içine alınabilmektedir. Bu hususlarda ülkemizde Emniyet Teşkilatını ilgilendiren birçok sorunun sosyal medya platformları üzerinden bilgilendirme faaliyetlerinde bulunarak önüne geçilebilir. Bu çalışma iletişim kavramının düşünce ve davranışlar üzerindeki etkilerinin sosyal medya araçları aracılığıyla daha hızlı ve kolay bir şekilde kullanıcılar üzerinde uygulanmasını sağlamasının tespitiyle ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı: Emniyet teşkilatının sosyal medya hesapları üzerinden bilgilendirme faaliyetlerinde bulunmasının kullanıcılar üzerindeki etkisinin niteliğini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Nicel araştırma yönteminin anket tekniği kullanıldığı araştırmanın örneklemini, Erzincan ilinde ikamet eden sosyal medya kullanan 392 sosyal medya kullanıcısı oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin analizi için SPSS 27 paket program kullanılmıştır. İstatistik analizler sonucunda, Emniyet Teşkilatında bilgilendirme faaliyeti olarak sosyal medya kullanımının vatandaşlar üzerinde yasalara uyma ve çeşitli suçların önlenmesi bakımından olumlu etkiler oluşturduğu saptanmıştır.Today's technological developments have significantly influenced human life. The most important of these developments is the innovations in the field of communication, which is closely related to human beings as a social being. The concept of social media, which emerged with the development of communication technologies, has gone beyond individuality with its important functions such as access to large masses, interactive communication, instant feedback and easy presentation of the desired content, and has become a preferred communication tool in many fields such as public relations, marketing, advertising and politics. In addition to this, public institutions and organisations and users can be brought into interaction by using social media platforms that people use intensively. In these matters, many problems concerning the Police Organisation in our country can be prevented by carrying out informative activities through social media platforms. This study has emerged with the determination that the effects of the concept of communication on thoughts and behaviours can be applied more quickly and easily on users through social media tools. The aim of this study: It aims to reveal the nature of the impact of the information activities of the police organisation on users through social media accounts. The sample of the study, in which the relational survey method was used, consists of 211 participants using social media determined by convenient sampling. SPSS package programme was used for data analysis. As a result of the statistical analyses, it was determined that the use of social media as an information activity in the Police Force has positive effects on citizens in terms of compliance with the law and prevention of various crimes
Investigation of factors affecting fluidity in cast molding of Al12Si alloy
No full textLisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Makine Mühendisliği Ana Bilim DalıAlüminyum (Al) ve alaşımları birçok avantajlı özelliği sayesinde döküm endüstrisinde her geçen gün daha fazla kullanım bulmaktadır. Bu sebeple Al ve alaşımlarının kullanım alanı da genişlemekte ve bazı özelliklerinin geliştirilmesine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Al'nin döküm prosesini etkileyen en önemli parametre akıcılıktır. Bu çalışmada amaç; endüstriyel olarak yaygın kullanılan Al12Si alaşımının dökümünde akıcılığa etki eden parametrelerin kapsamlı deneysel çalışmalar ve modelleme teknikleri ile karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesidir. Dökümlerde kokil kalıp kullanılmış olup, akıcılık üzerinde etki ettiği düşünülen döküş yüksekliği, döküm sıcaklığı ve sıvı metal temizliği parametre olarak çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, Etial-140 Al alaşımın kokil kalıba dökümünde mikro yapılarının ve akıcılık testlerinin incelenmesi için, tasarlanmış olan modellere dökümler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan dökümlerden elde edilen numunelerin testleri sonucunda geri kazanımı sağlanan Etial-140 Al'nin tekrar dökülebilirliği ve optimum döküm şartları belirlenmiştir. Döküm sıcaklıkları; 660?, 700? ve 740? ve döküş yükseklikleri; 50 mm, 100 mm ve 150 mm seçilmiştir. Seçilen tüm parametrelerin akıcılık üzerine önemli derecede etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Birincil külçeden elde edilen bulgulara göre, 100 mm döküş yüksekliği, 8 mm kesit kalınlığında 740?'de gerçekleştirilen dökümde sıvı metal ilerleme mesafesi 300 mm iken, 660?'de 207 mm ölçülmüştür. Spiral akıcılık kalıbında aynı şartlarda 740 ?'de 352 mm, 660?'de 191 mm sıvı metal ilerlemesi belirlenmiştir. Benzer şekilde döküş yüksekliğindeki artış akıcılığı artırmıştır. Sıvı metal temizleme işlemi de akıcılığı olumlu etkilemiştir. Mikro yapı incelemesi sonucunda en az gözenek ve istenmeyen faz oluşumu, 700? ve 100 mm döküş yüksekliğinde gerçekleştirilen döküm sonucunda gözlemlenmiştir.Thanks to its many advantageous properties, aluminum (Al) and its alloys find more and more use in the casting industry. For this reason, the usage area is also expanding and some features need to be developed. In this context, the aim of our thesis will be on fluency, which is the first and most important stage of the casting process.The aim of this study is to comparatively examine the parameters affecting the fluidity in the casting of Al12Si alloy, which is widely used industrially, through comprehensive experimental studies and modeling techniques. A permanent mold was used in castings, and pouring height, casting temperature and liquid metal cleanliness, which are thought to affect fluidity, were studied as parameters. As a result of the tests of the obtained samples, the recastability of the recovered Etial-140 Al and the optimum casting conditions were determined. Casting temperatures; 660?, 700? and 740? and pouring heights; 50 mm, 100 mm and 150 mm were selected. It was determined that all selected parameters had a significant effect on fluency. According to the findings obtained from the primary ingot, the liquid metal advancement distance in the casting performed at 740? with a pouring height of 100 mm and a section thickness of 8 mm was 300 mm, while it was 207 mm at 660?. Similarly, the increase in pour height increased the fluidity. The liquid metal cleaning process also positively affected the fluidity. As a result of microstructure analysis, the least porosity and undesirable phase formation was observed as a result of casting at 700 ? and 100 mm casting height
Milli Takım Düzeyindeki Bedensel Engelli Para-Karate Sporcularının Spora Katılım Motivasyonları ile Yaşam Kalite ve Yaşam Doyum Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
No full textPara-Karate sporcularının spora katılım motivasyonları ile yaşam kaliteleri ve yaşam doyumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi bu araştırmanın temel amacıdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda milli takım seçmelerine katılan 24 para-karate sporcusu (n=11kadın-13erkek) çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. İlişkisel tarama modelinde gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmada verilerin toplanması adına 4 ayrı form kullanılmıştır. Bunlar; “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “Engelli Bireylerde Spora Katılım Motivasyonu Ölçeği”, “Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği” ve “Yaşam Doyum Ölçeği”. Dijital ortamda toplanan bu verilerin analiz sürecinde ise SPSS (26. Versiyon) paket programının tanımlayıcı analizlerinin yanı sıra Spearman Korelasyon Katsayısı testi ve regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Veri analizinin neticesinde para-karate sporcularının spora katılım motivasyonları ile yaşam kalite ve yaşam doyum düzeyleri arasında ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda içsel motivasyon ve dışsal motivasyon alt boyutlarının hem yaşam doyumunun hem de yaşam kalitesinin yordayıcısı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır
Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the transition of primiparas becoming mothers scale
No full textBackground The transition to motherhood is an important life event in a woman's life and represents an important developmental process that brings physical, psychological and social changes to gain a new role. However, research on the transition to motherhood in Turkish society is scarce. There is a need for a comprehensive, practical and reliable tool to evaluate the transition to motherhood in primiparous mothers. This study evaluated the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Transition of Primiparous Becoming Mothers Scale (TMP-S) to evaluate the transition process of primiparous mothers to motherhood. Methods This methodological research was carried out in obstetrics and gynecology outpatient clinics, pediatric outpatient clinics, and family health centers of a hospital in Turkiye. The sample consisted of primiparous mothers of 0 to 6- month-old babies who visited clinics and family health centers for routine postnatal examinations (n = 305). After evaluating the language equivalence and content validity of the scale, test-retest reliability, internal consistency and construct validity were examined. Factor analysis, Pearson's correlation, retest reliability, and Cronbach's alpha were employed to evaluate structural validity and reliability. Results The final TPM-S had two dimensions with 25 items. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor solution, which accounted for 59.276% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit of the two-factor model also reached a satisfactory model ft after modification. The comparative fit index was 0.894, the Tucker-Lewis index was 0.882, and the root mean square error of approximation was 0.079. The content validity index of the scale ranged from 0.56 similar to 0.77. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.93 for the total scale, and the test-retest reliability was 0.96. Conclusions It is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating the transition to motherhood among primiparous mothers of 0 to 6 month-old babies in Turkiye. Turkish researchers and healthcare professionals can routinely apply this measurement tool to primiparous mothers in the first six months after birth to evaluate their transition to motherhood
Marketing of green energy
No full textAfter the 1970s, the issue of green energy started to come to the fore more after the oil crisis (Hartmann and Ibanez, 2012). Thus, consumers were made more conscious about energy consumption, and those who had the opportunity were directed to many types of green energy such as renewable energy sources, solar, thermal, and wind energy (Shi, Wei, and Shahbaz, 2023). Currently, some consumers accept to pay a premium price for green energy. Increasing the number of these consumers will produce important outputs such as protecting nature, preventing the climate crisis, and protecting energy resources in the future (Jabeen, Ahmad, and Zhang, 2021). In this direction, many governments around the world encourage producers of renewable energy and take effective steps. Although it is notsufficient at the moment, it is predicted that much higher amounts of green energy will be produced in the future with the steps taken in this regard (Leijten et al. 2014). Therefore, it will be sufficient not only to increase the amount of green energy production but also to increase the number of consumers directed to green energy. In particular, higher production costs appear to be an important factor that delays consumers' adoption of green energy (Sundt and Rehdanz, 2015; Usova and Velkin, 2018). Apart from price, it is seen that many socioeconomic and psychological variables are effective in consumers'adoption of green energy (Herbes and Ramme, 2014; Xiong, Li, Wang, and Wang, 2020). Among them, there are many elements such as household income, household size, age, attitude, green norms, ecological conservation behavior, and knowledge of renewable energies. Thus, adetailed study is required in order to understand consumers in depth and act in this direction, and raise the awareness of consumers about green energy. Therefore, the aim of this book chapter is to reveal the variables that lead to and prevent consumers from using green energy. © 2024 Nova Science Publishers, Inc
An investigation of preschool teachers' opinions and needs for mathematics education
No full textLisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Matematik ve Fen Bilimleri Eğitimi Ana Bilim Dalı, Matematik Eğitimi Bilim DalıBu araştırmanın amacı okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin matematik eğitimine yönelik görüş ve ihtiyaçlarının incelenmesidir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubunu Türkiye'nin kuzeydoğunda yer alan bir ilde görev yapan 18 okul öncesi öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verilerinin toplanmasında araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan "Okul Öncesi Öğretmenlerinin Matematik Eğitime Yönelik Görüş ve İhtiyaçlarının Belirleme Formu" kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler tümevarımsal tematik analiz yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda, okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin çocuklara kazandırılması gereken matematik becerileri arasında rakamlar ve sayılar, sınıflandırma, eşleştirme, gruplama, karşılaştırma, sıralama, az-çok ve çarpma becerilerinin yer aldığı belirlenmiştir. Öğretmenlerin matematik kavramlarının öğretilmesinde en fazla oyun yoluyla ve yaparak yaşayarak öğretim yöntem ve tekniklerini önerdiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca problem çözme, şarkı-müzik ve drama yöntem ve tekniklerinin kullanılmasını da önerdiği belirlenmiştir. Matematik etkinlikleri hazırlama ve uygulamada öğretmenlerin somutlaştırma, öğretimsel problemler, materyal ve kitap eksiliği, yöntem ve çocukların seviyesine inme konusunda problem yaşadığı tespit edilmiştir. Çocukların matematik öğrenmelerinde çocuk, aile, öğretmen ve okul-aile işbirliğinden kaynaklı faktörlerin etkili olduğu, ayrıca çocukların matematik becerilerinin gelişmesinde öğretmenlerin ve ailelerin önemli rol oynadığı tespit edilmiştir. Öğretmenlerin en fazla eğitim ihtiyacı hissettikleri konuların "Matematik Öğrenme Güçlüğü- Diskalkuli" ve "Matematikte Kullanılan Eğitim Materyalleri" olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, öğretmenlerin matematik eğitimi konusunda çeşitli zorluklar yaşadığı ve özellikle bazı konularda daha fazla eğitime ihtiyaç duydukları belirlenmiştir. Çocukların matematik becerilerinin gelişiminde öğretmenlerin ve ailelerin işbirliğinin kritik öneme sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.The aim of this study is to examine the views and needs of preschool teachers towards mathematics education. Case study method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. The study group consisted of 18 preschool teachers working in a province located in the northeast of Turkey. The "Form for Determining the Opinions and Needs of Preschool Teachers Towards Mathematics Education" developed by the researchers was used to collect the data of the study. The data obtained were analyzed by inductive thematic analysis method. As a result of the study, it was determined that the preschool teachers' mathematics skills that children should acquire include numbers and numbers, classification, matching, grouping, comparison, sorting, less-more and multiplication skills. It was determined that teachers mostly recommended teaching methods and techniques through play and teaching by doing and experiencing. In addition, problem solving, song-music and drama methods and techniques were also recommended. In the preparation and implementation of mathematics activities, teachers had problems with concretization, instructional problems, lack of materials and books, methods and getting down to the level of children. It has been determined that factors arising from child, family, teacher and school-family cooperation are effective in children's mathematics learning, and that teachers and families play an important role in the development of children's mathematics skills. It was determined that the subjects that teachers felt most in need of training were "Mathematics Learning Disabilities - Dyscalculia" and "Educational Materials Used in Mathematics". As a result, it has been determined that teachers experience various difficulties in mathematics education and need more training especially in some subjects. It was determined that the cooperation of teachers and families is critical in the development of children's mathematics skills
Reflective Polarization Conversion with Multi-Functional, Ultrathin Metasurface for Ku- and K-Band Applications
No full textReflective polarization conversions with a simplistic design of an ultrathin, single-layered, and multi-functional anisotropic metasurface as a polarization converter is utilized for Ku- and Kband applications. The designs with two substrate thicknesses (0.095a,0 and 0.069a,0, respectively) are capable of a cross-polarization converter (CPC) and a linear-to-circular (LTC) polarization conversion. The design with 0.095a,0 thickness achieves a CPC between 17.96 and 26.90GHz with the efficiency of more than 90% and a relative bandwidth of 40% under normal incidence. It maintains angular stability by altering the oblique incidence angles up to 300 with greater than 80% of the PCR in the K -band. Meanwhile, an LTC in two frequency bands, 10.30-10.53GHz and 28.65-29.70GHz, is also numerically demonstrated. The second design with 0.069 a,0 thickness provides a CPC above the PCR value of 87% in the frequency range from 10.4623.05GHz (covering the entire Ku- and part of the K -band) with angular stability of 40 above the PCR value of 80%. In the meantime, an LTC with relative bandwidth of 75% in the frequency range from 9.53-9.79&24.74-25.27GHz is numerically revealed. These polarization converters exhibit relatively good performances of facile structure and multi-functional properties, which can be useful in Ku- and K -band applications