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Nectar honey from Turkey: crystallization and physicochemical profile
No full textHoney is a traditional food used by humans due to many therapeutic properties. Turkey is in a good position for the production of bee products, and honey is the most popular bee product in the country. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the quality parameters of 40 honey samples based on physicochemical parameters and to gain information about speed of crystallization. For this purpose, moisture (%), fructose (%), glucose (%), fructose + glucose (F + G, %), fructose/glucose (F/G), glucose/moisture (G/M), and proline (mg/kg) contents were determined in honey samples and cluster analysis was performed. When the sugar profile of honey samples is examined, F + G was 61.63-78.03%, F/G was 0.99-1.25, moisture content was 14.9-19.1%, and proline content was 384.41-1271.56 mg/kg. These results comply with national standards. Honey samples tend to crystallize quickly when their crystallization properties are evaluated based on F/G and G/M ratios. Consequently, the quality of honey differs according to the region from which it is produced and it is natural for honey to crystallize
Evaluation of Groundwater Vulnerability in the Upper Kelkit Valley (Northeastern Turkey) Using DRASTIC and AHP-DRASTICLu Models
No full textThis study aimed to investigate groundwater vulnerability to pollution in the Upper Kelkit Valley (NE Turkey). For this purpose, vulnerability index maps were created using the generic DRASTIC and AHP-DRASTICLu models. The latter model was suggested by adding a parameter to the DRASTIC model and weighting its parameters with the analytical hierarchy process with the GIS technique. The results showed that areas with high and very high vulnerabilities are concentrated around the Kelkit Stream, which flows from east to west in the central part of the study area. In contrast, areas with low and very low vulnerability classes are located in the northern and southern parts of the study area. To validate the model results, a physicochemical characterization of groundwater samples and their corresponding vulnerability index values were statistically compared using the Spearman correlation method. In addition, the single-parameter sensitivity method was applied to analyze the models' sensitivities. Results revealed a stronger correlation between the vulnerability index values of the AHP-DRASTICLu model (compared to the DRASTIC model) in terms of sulfate (R-2 = 0.75) and chloride (R-2 = 0.76), while there was a slightly weaker correlation for the electrical conductivity (R-2 = 0.65) values of the groundwater samples. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the vadose zone, aquifer media, and land use are the most influential parameters responsible for the highest variation in the vulnerability index. Generally speaking, the results indicated that the AHP-DRASTICLu model performs better than the DRASTIC model for investigating groundwater vulnerability to pollution in the Upper Kelkit Valley.Bayburt University,This work was supported by the Research Fund of the Bayburt University, Project Number: 2022/69002-13
An algorithmic application with flexible airspace approach
No full textPurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop an operational level decision support system model for air traffic controllers (ATCos) within the framework of the Flexible Use of Airspace (FUA) concept to enable more efficient use of airspace capacity. This study produces a systematic solution to the route selection process so that the ATCo can determine the most efficient route with an operational decision support system model using Dijkstra's Shortest Path Algorithm. Design/methodology/approachIn this study, a new decision support system model for ATCos in decision-making positions was recommended and used. ATCos use this model as a main model for determining the shortest and safest route for aircraft as an operational-level decision support system. Dijkstra Algorithm, used in the model, is defined step by step and then explained with the pseudocode. FindingsIt has been determined that when the FUA concept and DSS are used while the ATCo chooses a route, significant fuel, time and capacity savings are achieved in flight operations. Emissions resulting from the negative environmental effects of air transportation are reduced, and significant capacity increase can be achieved. The operational level decision support system developed in the study was tested with 55 scenarios on the Ankara-Izmir flight route compared to the existing fixed route. The results for the proposed most efficient route were achieved at 11.22% distance (nm), 9.36%-time (min) savings and 837.71 kg CO2 emission savings. Originality/valueAs far as the literature is reviewed, most studies aimed at increasing airspace efficiency produce solutions that try to improve rather than replace the normal process. Considering the literature positioning of this study compared to other studies, the proposed model provides a new systematic solution to the problems that cause human-induced route inefficiency within the framework of the FUA concept
A comprehensive study on structural properties, photon and particle attenuation competence of CoNiFeCr-Ti/Al high entropy alloys (HEAs)
No full textIt is well known that high entropy alloys (HEAs) have a wide range of potential applications as radiation shielding due to their superior properties. The CoNiFeCr-Ti/Al compositions were chosen for their low cost as HEA in this study. The HEAs were successfully produced using the mechanical alloying (MA) method with equimolar CoNiFeCr, CoNiFeCrAl, and CoNiFeCrTi compositions. The production and structural properties of the alloys were investigated in detail. Besides, the photon and particle radiation shielding properties of the HEAs were calculated with the help of Phy-X/PSD, SRIM (10 keV-20 MeV), and ESTAR (10 keV-20 MeV) programs. The photon-matter interaction parameters were calculated in both specific photon energies emitted from 241Am, 133Ba, 109Cd, 60Co, 137Cs, 131I, and 22Na nuclides and a continuous energy range of 15 keV-15 MeV. The characterization of the alloys was investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopes (SEM) attached to an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). It was found that the HEAs have a highly amorphous structure due to the selected production method. The crystal size of the alloys was calculated as 70, 35, and 20 nm for CoNiFeCr, CoNiFeCrAl, and CoNiFeCrTi, respectively. In terms of shielding properties, it has been determined that the produced HEAs have better shielding char-acteristics for photon and particle radiations than standard shielding concretes. In addition, the results demonstrated that CoNiFeCr alloy, which has the best shielding ability among the HEA alloys, can be used as a shielding material application requiring photon, electron, proton, alpha, and neutron radiations. (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Ozone and cold plasma: Emerging oxidation technologies for inactivation of enzymes in fruits, vegetables, and fruit juices
No full textInactivation of deteriorative enzymes preserves the quality of fruits and vegetables and extends the shelf-life of fruit juices. Ozonation and cold plasma treatment are recent additions to the thermal and non-thermal methods for enzyme inactivation. However, these techniques stand out in their effectiveness and versatility for the treatment of a wide range of fruits and vegetables. This article appraises the mode of action and applications of ozone and cold plasma for the inactivation of enzymes in fruits, vegetables, and fruit juices. Further, a comprehensive discussion is presented on the influential parameters of enzyme inactivation effectiveness of ozonation and cold plasma processing. Besides, the latter sections of this article highlight the challenges that impose hurdles in the commercial applications of these unconventional techniques and the way forward in improving their efficacy and industrial applications
Riley’in çıkarım katmanları diyagramı ve sosyal bilgiler eğitiminde kullanımı
No full textSosyal Bilgiler, Tarih, Coğrafya, Ekonomi, Siyaset Bilimi gibi pek çok disiplini bir araya getiren, sahip olduğu disiplinlerarası yapısıyla geniş içerikleri içinde barındıran bir çalışma alanıdır. Birbirinden farklı ve çoğu zaman iç içe geçmiş bu disiplinlerin öğrencilere kazandırılması öğretimi destekleyici araçların kullanımını gerektirmekte, bu noktada grafik düzenleyicilerden yaygın şekilde yararlanılmaktadır. Ülkemizde Sosyal Bilgiler eğitiminde kullanılan grafik düzenleyiciler incelendiğinde; bunlar arasında kavram çarkı diyagramı, venn diyagramı, balık kılçığı, frayer, bilgi haritaları, tanılayıcı dallanmış ağaç ve kavram ağları gibi çeşitli görsel araçların olduğu görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda Sosyal Bilgiler eğitiminde kullanılabilecek farklı türdeki grafik düzenleyicilerin yerli alan yazınına kazandırılması ve Sosyal Bilgiler eğitimindeki kullanımının teşvik edilmesi önemli bir husus olarak görülebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Claire Riley tarafından geliştirilen ve kaynakların analizine yönelik sistematik bir çerçeve sunan “Çıkarım Katmanları Diyagramını” yerli alanyazınına tanıtmak ve güncel Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretim Programı kapsamındaki kullanılabilirliğini ortaya koymaktır. Doküman incelemesi yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışma sonucunda Riley’in çıkarım katmanları diyagramının öğrencileri araştırmaya, analiz etmeye, iş birliğine ve kanıt kullanmaya teşvik eden ve öğrenme-öğretme sürecinde aktif kılan bir araç olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bununla beraber diyagramın çeşitli özellikleri yönüyle Sosyal bilgiler öğretim programında yer alan farklı amaç ifadeleri ve becerilerle ilişkili olduğu ve programda yer alan çeşitli öğrenme alanlarına uygulanabilir bir yapıda olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmanın ilgili diyagramı yerli alanyazına kazandırma ve Sosyal Bilgiler eğitimindeki kullanımını teşvik etme noktasında faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir
Socioeconomic status and wellbeing as predictors of students' academic achievement: evidence from a developing country
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has deepened the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and wellbeing (WB) on students' academic achievement, particularly in developing countries; thus, it becomes necessary to understand the nature of these concurrent relationships. This study aimed to explore the relationships between SES, WB and academic achievement, based on the data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) in 2018 within the Turkish context. In this cross-sectional study, we used hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis to explore how the independent variables predicted academic achievement in blocks based on data from 6890 students attending 186 schools. The study revealed that the model, including the independent variables, predicted students' achievement in reading, mathematics and science; however, the prediction level of demographic factors and domains of WB were very low, while SES had the highest prediction level. The results offer insights into the predictors of academic achievement and educational inequalities in the context of a developing country
XII. Yüzyılın Başından XIII. Yüzyılın Sonuna Kadar Doğu Akdeniz Kentlerini ve Kıbrıs’ı Etkileyen Depremler
No full textDeprem, fay hatlarına bağlı olarak birçok coğrafyada meydana gelebilen doğal bir âfettir. Zelzele olarak da adlandırılan bu hadise, geniş alanda etkili olup şiddeti oranında büyük yıkım ve can kayıplarına sebep olmaktadır. Dünya’nın birçok yerinde meydana gelen bu âfet, tarihin muhtelif dönemlerinde Doğu Akdeniz kıyı kentlerini ve Kıbrıs’ı da etkiledi. XII. ve XIII. yüzyıllarda da Antakya’dan Suriye, Mısır ve Kıbrıs’a kadar olan alanda büyük yıkım ve can kayıplarına neden oldu. Depremlerde can kaybının artmasında ikincil âfetlerden tsunamilerin de etkisi büyüktü. Özellikle 1114/1115 ve 1157 depremlerinin yanı sıra 1170, 1202 ve 1222 depremleri hem yıkımlara hem de oluşan tsunamilerle bölgede büyük felaketlere sebep oldu. Depremlerin boyutu halkın ve idarecilerin tutumuyla birlikte dönemin siyasî ve askerî şartlarını da etkiledi. Halk depremlerden canını kurtarmak için şehirlerin dışında toplanırken, artçı sarsıntılar bitene kadar çadırlarda ikâmet etmek zorunda kaldı. Şehirlerin Müslüman ve gayrimüslim idarecileri de depremin hemen akabinde yaşanan tahribatı gidermeye çalıştılar. Ayrıca Haçlı kontları, Papa ve diğer Hristiyan liderlerden yardım talep ederken, yeni dinî kararlar almak için konsüller topladılar. Musul Atabeyi Nûreddin Mahmud ise malî konulara yönelerek imar faaliyetlerini vergi düzenlemesiyle destekledi. Bu girişimleriyle halkın ve kentlerin kısa sürede toparlanmasını amaçladılar. Böylece bölgeyi büyük oranda etkileyen depremlerin sosyal, siyasî ve ekonomik yıkımlarını ortadan kaldırmaya çalıştılar
Enhancing magnetic levitation and guidance force and weight efficiency of high-temperature superconducting maglev systems by using sliced bulk YBCO
No full textWe aimed to enhance the magnetic force efficiency of Maglev systems without increasing total weight. For this aim, we divided YBCO bulks into three slices horizontally to utilize the YBCO-permanent magnetic guideway (PMG) interaction surface as much as possible. We used whole YBCO above PMGs with different magnetic pole directions (PMG-A and PMG-B) in two lying positions of transversal and longitudinal and investigated levitation and guidance force performances. It is determined that levitation and guidance forces by using YBCO in transversal lying mode are bigger compared to the longitudinal mode. For sliced YBCO, the maximum levitation force increased by 69% and 78%, while the guidance force enhancements are determined as 212% and 91%, compared to the whole YBCO above PMG-A and PMG-B, respectively. The levitation and guidance force density with respect to the total mass of unit a set of slices YBCO increased by 92% and 106%, respectively, compared to the whole YBCO above PMG-B in transversal mode. Since the higher levitation force and the lower total weight of the onboard unit are important parameters in point of the energy efficiency in Maglev and other levitation applications, the result of this study supplies useful data for the engineers and industrial partners.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK) [122F432]; Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Karadeniz Technical University [FBA-2021-9814]ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK), with project number 122F432, and the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Karadeniz Technical University with project No. FBA-2021-9814
A comparative anatomical study on leaf and scape of Androsace taxa (Primulaceae): contribution to Androsace taxonomy
No full textIn the present study, the leaf and scape anatomical features of ten Androsace taxa distributed in Turkiye were defined to contribute to plant identification. Hand sections from both the scape and leaf examined 43 anatomical characters. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were performed for the first time for Androsace. The results show that there are differences as well as similarities between Androsace species. It is noteworthy that Androsace artvinensis forms a separate main group with HCA. In addition, the fact that two of the five basic components are represented by a single variable according to the PCA results suggests that the anatomical characters examined are determinative for Androsace taxa.). In PCA, eigenvalues of PC1 (2.435), PC2 (1.749), PC3 (1.369), PC4 (1.223), and PC5 (1.006) were greater than 1.0. Cortex width, aerenchyma, arrangement of vascular bundles, and four-branched non-glandular hairs are among the important anatomical characteristics of the scape. Leaf cross-sectional shape, epidermis dimensions, glandular hair types, presence of five branched non-glandular hairs, stoma sizes, presence of crystals in the mesophyll, and types are among the qualitative and quantitative anatomical characteristics that attract attention in the leaf. This study examined almost all taxa of the genus Androsace distributed in Turkiye. The results will be important in finding new species among the examined taxa and revealing the anatomical features of the taxa for the first time. They will contribute to other studies on the genus.No financial support was received for this study.No financial support was received for this study