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Optimization of pectin extraction from crab apple peel and usage in a model meat emulsion system
No full textThe aim of this study was to optimize conditions of microwave-assisted pectin extraction from crab apple peels using the Box-Behnken experimental design. For this purpose, microwave-assisted pectin extraction was performed at different extraction time (3, 6, and 9 min), liquid/solid ratio (75, 100, and 125), and pH (1.5, 2.0, 2.5). The optimum conditions were selected as extraction time (7.77 min), liquid/solid ratio (77.53 mL/g), and pH/1.79). The response, obtained under optimum conditions was determined as 0.1128 +/- 0.0137 g pectin/g crab apple peel. In addition, it was determined that the obtained pectin sample had an esterification degree of 79.14% and oil and water binding capacities of 8.5 +/- 0.7 g oil/g pectin and 8.1 +/- 1.5 g water/g pectin, respectively. It was determined that pectin emulsions showed higher stability at 1% pectin level. The possibilities of using pectin obtained under optimized conditions as a fat replacer in a model sausage system were investigated. Pectin was evaluated in the model sausage system at two different concentrations. With the increasing pectin concentration, the cooking loss value increased from 14 to 18%, while leakage decreased from 0.31% to 0.18%, showing a negative effect on cooking loss and a positive impact on the amount of leakage into the packaging. Pectin obtained from crab apple peel has the potential to be used for reducing fat content in sausage environment.Bayburt UniversityNo Statement Availabl
Hypoglycaemic confidence levels and experiences related to the hypoglycaemia of patients with diabetes: A mixed methods study
No full textAimsThis study had three aims: to determine the hypoglycaemic confidence levels of participants, to identify factors affecting hypoglycaemic confidence levels of participants and to assess experiences related to hypoglycaemia of participants.DesignThe explanatory-sequential-mixed method was used in this study.MethodsThe quantitative stage included a sample of 177 people, and the qualitative stage included a sample of 18 people. Data of the study were collected between April and June 2023 with the Hypoglycemic Confidence Level Scale, Personal Information Form and Semi-Structured Interview Form. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis were used for quantitative data analysis. For the qualitative data analysis, content analysis was performed in the MaxQda program.ResultsThe scale items are scored between 1 and 4, and an increase in the score obtained from the scale indicates an increase in confidence levels. The mean hypoglycaemic confidence level score of the participants was 3. The data obtained in the qualitative stage were grouped under three main themes: Experiences Related to Hypoglycaemia, Reasons for Experiencing Hypoglycaemia and Managing Hypoglycaemia.ConclusionIdentifying hypoglycaemic confidence levels and hypoglycaemia experiences of patients with diabetes can guide health professionals, especially nurses, in promoting person-centred care interventions.ImpactThe study discussed the hypoglycaemic confidence levels of diabetic patients and their experiences related to hypoglycaemia. The factors affecting the hypoglycaemic confidence level of the participants were educational status, income status, fear of experiencing hypoglycaemia, ability to self-administer insulin, receiving hypoglycaemia training and frequency of experiencing hypoglycaemia. The results of this study may provide guidance for the development of appropriate prevention and coping strategies for hypoglycaemia. Identifying the experiences of patients with diabetes with hypoglycaemia can guide health professionals, especially nurses, in promoting person-centred care interventions.Reporting MethodThe Good Reporting of a Mixed Methods Study (GRAMMS) checklist was used for reporting.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution
Interleukin-27 as a novel player in alleviating hepatic steatosis: Mechanistic insights from an in vitro analysis
No full textInterleukin-27 (IL -27) is a recently discovered cytokine that has been implicated in inflammatory and metabolic conditions, such as atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. However, the mechanisms by which IL -27 attenuates hepatic lipid accumulation in hyperlipidemic conditions and counteracts endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a known risk factor for impaired hepatic lipid metabolism, have not been elucidated. This in vitro study was designed to examine the effect of IL -27 on hepatic lipid metabolism. The study included the evaluation of lipogenesis-associated proteins and ER stress markers by Western blotting, the determination of hepatic lipid accumulation by Oil Red O staining, and the examination of autophagosome formation by MDC staining. The results showed that IL -27 treatment reduced lipogenic lipid deposition and the expression of ER stress markers in cultured hepatocytes exposed to palmitate. Moreover, treatment with IL -27 suppressed CD36 expression and enhanced fatty acid oxidation in palmitate-treated hepatocytes. The effects of IL -27 on hyperlipidemic hepatocytes were attenuated when adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) or 3-methyladenine (3 MA) were inhibited by small interfering RNA (siRNA). These results suggest that IL -27 attenuates hepatic ER stress and fatty acid uptake and stimulates fatty acid oxidation via AMPK/autophagy signaling, thereby alleviating hepatic steatosis. In conclusion, this study identified IL -27 as a promising therapeutic target for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant - Korea government (MSIT) [2022R1A2B5B01001453]; Chung-Ang UniversityThis work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2022R1A2B5B01001453) and by Chung-Ang University Research Grants in 2023
Bending and Buckling Analysis of Porous 2D Functionally Graded Beams with Exponential Material Property Variation
No full textThe bending and buckling analysis of porous two-directional (2D) functionally graded (FG) beams was conducted using a higher-order shear deformation theory. The introduction of exponential functions to depict changes in material properties is a novel approach in the static analysis of 2D FG beams. Three distinct porosity distribution functions were taken into account. The governing equations were formulated through the application of Lagrange’s principle. During the numerical analysis, a finite element comprising two nodes and eight degrees of freedom was utilized. This choice facilitated accurate and efficient solutions, even for shorter beams, without the need for a shear correction factor. Notably, the obtained shear stresses aligned with actual values, registering as zero at both the top and bottom of the beam. The obtained results of the study were validated against findings reported in the literature. A parametric study was carried out to investigate the effects of porosity, porosity distributions, gradation parameters, slenderness, and boundary conditions on the non-dimensional deflections, stresses, critical buckling loads, and buckling mode shapes. It was found that both porosity and the distribution of porosity have noticeable effects on the static analysis of the beams. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Shiraz University 2024
Investigation of the nutritional habits of students receiving coaching education: a cross-sectional study
No full textBackground and Study Aim Material and Methods The aim of this study is to examine the nutritional knowledge levels and habits of the students who will work in the field of sport sciences in Turkey and who are studying in the Faculties of Sport Sciences. The sample of the study consisted of 186 volunteer university students studying in the coaching departments of the Faculties of Sport Sciences, selected by simple random sampling method. General scanning model was used in the research. The data in the study were collected using the 32-item Nutrition Knowledge Scale for Adults. Results Within the scope of the scores in both sub-dimensions of the scale, it was determined that the perception scores of the participants in terms of independent variables were statistically close to each other and they had knowledge about nutrition in general. It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the nutritional knowledge levels according to the age variable, and the effect level was close to the middle. It was determined that there was no significant difference between other variables and nutrition. Conclusions In addition to a healthy life, healthy nutrition is important for coaches in the continuity of their professional life. It would be beneficial to have more information about nutrition in school curriculum. This will contribute to the fight against obesity, which is today's disease
İlkokul Öğrencilerinin Kültürel Mirasa Duyarlılıklarının İncelenmesi: Bir Karma Yöntem Araştırması
No full textBu araştırmanın amacı ilkokul öğrencilerinin kültürel mirasa duyarlılığının incelenmesidir. Çalışma, yakınsayan desen olarak tasarlanmış ve ilkokul 4. sınıf öğrencileri ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın nicel boyutunda veri toplama aracı olarak Kültürel Mirasa Duyarlılık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Nitel verilerin toplanmasında ise yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel boyutuna 592 ilkokul öğrencisi dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmanın nitel boyutunda ise 19 ilkokul öğrencisi ile görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda ilkokul öğrencilerinin kültürel mirasa duyarlılık düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kız öğrencilerin kültürel mirasa duyarlılıklarının erkek öğrencilere göre daha yüksek olduğu ve ailedeki çocuk sayısının, yaşanılan yerin ve sosyal etkinliklere katılma durumunun öğrencilerin kültürel mirasa duyarlılıklarını etkileyen değişkenler olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca düzenli olarak kitap, gazete ve dergi okuyan öğrencilerin kültürel mirasa duyarlıklarının daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. İlkokul öğrencilerinin daha çok yaşadıkları şehirde bulunan tarihi eserleri tanıdıkları; kültürel miras ögelerinin tanınması ve öğrenilmesine önem verdikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Öğrencilerin ayrıca kültürel miras öğelerini korumak için sorumluluk alma boyutunda duyarlılık gösterdikleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın nicel ve nitel sonuçlarının katılımcıların kültürel mirasa duyarlılık düzeyleri açısından uyum gösterdiği belirlenmiştir
Bornes sur le temps d’explosion pour une équation intégro-différentielle de type parabolique avec un terme réactif variable
No full textThis paper is concerned with the blow-up time of the solutions to an integro-differential problem of parabolic type with variable growth if blow-up occurs. By using the differential inequality technique, we obtain lower bounds for the blow-up time and some global existence results under some conditions to variable exponent of reaction, memory kernel, and initial value
Examining the attitudes of sexually abused and non-abused individuals towards marriage in terms of ambivalent sexism
No full textThe research aims to examine the attitudes of individuals who are victims of abuse and those who are not towards marriage in terms of ambivalent sexism. The research study group consists of 718 individuals between the ages of 18-48. Research data were collected with the Inonu Marriage Attitude Scale and Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. As a result of the correlation analysis, it was concluded that the marriage attitude was positively and significantly correlated with hostile and protective sexism. However, since the relationship between hostile sexism and attitudes towards marriage is lower than that of protective sexism, hostile sexism was not included in the model as a control variable. In the covariance analysis, it is seen that protective sexism and sexual abuse predict the attitude towards marriage at a statistically significant level. In addition, when the effect of sexual abuse on the attitude towards marriage was examined by controlling the protective sexism variable, it was found that it was statistically significant without the effect of sexism. According to the findings, it was determined that individuals who were not victims of sexual abuse had higher attitudes towards marriage than those who were victims
Determination of the productivity and quality properties of some safflower varieties (Carthhamus tinctorius L.) in Bayburt conditions
No full textLisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Disiplinlerarası Organik Tarım İşletmeciliği Ana Bilim DalıBu araştırma Bazı Aspir Çeşitlerinin (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Bayburt Şartlarında Verim ve Kalite Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi amacıyla 2021 yılında Bayburt ilinde yürütülmüştür. Deneme Bayburt Üniversitesi Organik Tarım İşletmeciliği deneme alanında Tesadüf Blokları Deneme Desenine göre üç tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada Hasankendi, Zirkon, Balcı, Dinçer, Koç, Göktürk, Linas ve Olas olmak üzere 8 farklı aspir çeşidi materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Denemede, bitki boyu (cm), ilk dal yüksekliği (cm), dal sayısı (adet/bitki), bitki başına tabla sayısı (adet/bitki), tabla çapı (mm), tabla başına tane sayısı (adet/tabla), bin tane ağırlığı (g), tane verimi (kg/da), kabuk oranı (%), yağ oranı (%) ve yağ verimi (kg/da) özellikleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda; aspir çeşitlerinin tabla çapı dışında diğer incelenen karakterler üzerine önemli etkileri olduğu belirlenmiştir. En yüksek bitki boyu ve ilk dal yüksekliği Linas (sırasıyla 66,11 ve 35,83 cm) çeşidinden, en yüksek tabla çapı, bin tane ağırlığı ve tabla başına tohum sayısı Göktürk (sırasıyla 2,62 cm, 43,89 g ve 44,31 adet) çeşidinden, en yüksek bitki başına tabla sayısı Olas (15,22 adet/bitki) çeşidinden, en yüksek dal sayısı ise Koç (9,44 adet) çeşidinden, en yüksek kabuk oranı Dinçer (%57,38) çeşidinden elde edilmiştir. Aspir çeşitleri için önemli olan tane verimi, yağ oranı ve yağ verimi değerleri incelendiğinde en yüksek tane verimi Göktürk (164,00 kg/da) ve Olas (156,33 kg/da) çeşitlerinden, en yüksek yağ oranı Zirkon (%35,5) çeşidinden ve en yüksek yağ verimi ise Olas (42,78 kg/da) çeşidinden elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Bayburt ekolojik koşullarında yetiştirilen aspir çeşitlerinden Göktürk ve Olas çeşitlerinin verim ve kalite özellikleri bakımından daha iyi durumda oldukları belirlense de aspir bitkisinin özellikle yıllara olan tepkisini belirleyebilmek için adaptasyon çalışmalarına birkaç yıl devam edilmesinin önemli olacağı kanaatindeyiz. Anahtar Kelimeler: Carthmus tinctorius L., aspir, tane verimi, adaptasyon, yağ oranıThis research was carried out in Bayburt province in 2021 to determine the yield and quality characteristics of some safflower cultivars (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in Bayburt Conditions. The experiment was carried out in three replications according to the Random Blocks Trial Design in the Bayburt University Organic Agricultural Management trial area. In the research, 8 different safflower varieties, namely Hasankendi, Zirkon, Balcı, Dinçer, Koç, Göktürk, Linas and Olas, were used as materials. In the experiment, plant height (cm), first branch height (cm), number of branches (number/plant), number of trays per plant (number/plant), tray diameter (mm), number of grains per tray (number/plate), thousand grain weight (g), grain yield (kg/da), husk rate (%), oil rate (%) and oil yield (kg/da) properties were investigated. As a result of the research; It was determined that safflower cultivars had significant effects on other investigated characters except for the diameter of the tray. The highest plant height and first branch height of Linas (66,11 and 35,83 cm, respectively) cultivar, the highest head diameter, thousand grain weight and number of seeds per tray Göktürk (2,62 cm, 43,89 g and 44,31 respectively) variety, the highest number of heads per plant was obtained from Olas (15,22 units/plant), the highest number of branches was obtained from Koç (9,44 units), and the highest bark rate was obtained from Dinçer (%57,38). When the grain yield, oil rate and oil yield values, which are important for safflower cultivars, are examined, the highest grain yield is Göktürk (164,00 kg/da) and Olas (156,33 kg/da) cultivars, the highest oil rate is Zircon (%35,5) variety and the highest oil yield was obtained from Olas (42,78 kg/da) variety. As a result, although it has been determined that the safflower cultivars Göktürk and Olas grown in Bayburt ecological conditions are in better condition in terms of yield and quality characteristics, we believe that it will be important to continue the adaptation studies for a few years in order to determine the response of the safflower plant to the years. Keywords: Carthmus tinctorius L, safflower, gain yield, adaptation, oil conte
Evaluation of Optimal Energy Productıon Usıng Deterministic, Probabilistic and Risky Cases In a Multi-Reservoir System
No full textIn a multi-reservoir system, the stochastic nature of basin data resulting from rainfall introduces risk into water management operations. Effective management that accounts for these risks can obtain maximum benefits from the system. This study presents a description of a multi-reservoir water resources system with hydroelectric power plants, utilizing the energy optimization model developed by OPAN in 2007. The model was applied to reservoirs located successively on the Lower Kizilirmak River in the Kizilirmak Basin, with the objective function being the maximization of firm power by using drought period inflows and total energy by using monthly average inflows. The study considered three scenarios: deterministic, probabilistic, and risky (critical cases), with probabilities of inflows from the basin being determined for the latter. Monthly inflows with determined probabilities were used to obtain data for the risky case. Optimum operating levels were determined based on this data to maximize firm power and total energy. According to the operating levels, the reservoir with the largest useful volume manages the operation. The values obtained from the optimization were then used in multivariate regression analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS), a statistical analysis program. The analysis explored the effects of monthly operating levels in the reservoirs, the amount of inflow released from the spillway, the amount of inflow released for energy production, the monthly average inflow to the reservoirs, and firm power values on energy production