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Synthesis of flaxseed gum/melanin-based scaffold: A novel approach for nano-encapsulation of doxorubicin with enhanced anticancer activity
No full textDoxorubicin is a powerful chemotherapy medicine that is frequently used to treat cancer, but because of its extremely destructive side effects on other healthy cells, its applications have been severely constrained. With the aim of using lower therapeutic doses of doxorubicin while maintaining the same anti-cancerous activity as those of higher doses, the present study designs nano-encapsulation of doxorubicin by acrylamide grafted melanin as core and acrylic acid grafted flax seed gum as shell (DOX@AAM-g-ML/AA-g-FSG-NPs) for studies in-vivo and in vitro anticancer activity. For biological studies, the cytotoxicity of DOX@AAM-g-ML/AA-g-FSG-NPs was examined on a cancerous human cell line (HCT-15) and it was observed that DOX@AAM-g-ML/AA-g-FSG-NPs exhibited very high toxicity towards HCT-15. In-vivo investigation in colon cancer-inflicted rat model also showed that DOX@AAM-g-ML/AA-g-FSG-NPs showed better anticancer activity against cancerous cells as compared to free doxorubicin. The drug release behavior of DOX@GML-GFS-NPs was studied at several pH and maximum drug release (95 %) was recorded at pH-7.2, and kinetic data of drug release was follows the Higuchi (R2 = 0.9706) kinetic model. Our study is focussed on reducing the side effects of doxorubicin by its nano encapsulation in acrylamide grafted melanin as core and acrylic acid grafted flax seed gum that will also enhance its efficiency.IIT RoorkeeDeepak Kumar is thankful to IIT Roorkee, for financial assistance and characterization of samples
Investigation of temperature effect on the optimal weight design of steel truss bridges using Cuckoo Search Algorithm
No full textIn this article, the optimum weight design of steel truss bridges is carried out by considering the effect of temperature. One of the most significant issues such structures may encounter throughout their service life is the extreme temperature changes that can occur for various reasons. If a steel bridge is designed without considering this unfavorable scenario that might arise in the future, significant damage could happen in terms of the usability limit state, and it might even collapse by exceeding its carrying capacity before reaching its service life. Therefore, this study aims to conduct weight optimizations of steel truss bridges, considering the effect of temperature. Thus, it has been revealed how high-temperature variations alter material properties and affect the overall optimum weight of the structure. For this purpose, the minimum-weight designs of three planar steel truss bridges previously analyzed by other researchers have been re-evaluated using the Cuckoo Search Algorithm. The main program containing the flow steps of the algorithm based on the finite element method is coded in MATLAB. Stress and displacement limit values are used as constraints in solving the problems. The optimum weight results for each structure in the case of temperature effect not being considered are relatively similar. Thus, it has been demonstrated that the Cuckoo Search Algorithm can optimize such problems by comparing its results with similar studies in the literature. Then, the analyses are renewed by incorporating the temperature effect using this proven method. When the findings of both cases are examined, it is observed that the optimum weight values for all structures under the influence of temperature increase. This is due to the decrease in the material's modulus of elasticity because of the high-temperature change. In this case, the cross-section is insufficient owing to the loss of rigidity, and larger profiles are needed. The structure's weight tends to increase depending on the severity of the temperature. Also, numerical simulations of the structures under the same conditions are carried out with SAP2000 software to supplement the design optimization analyses detailed above and enrich the research content
Bee bread from Anatolia: its chemical composition, phenolic and aromatic profiles, and antioxidant properties
No full textThis study investigated the botanical origin, chemical composition, phenolic and volatile aromatic profiles, and antioxidant activities of 11 bee bread samples from different regions of Anatolia, Turkey. The bee bread samples contained high amounts of proteins (19.61 g/100 g) and lipids (6.43 g/100 g). The bee breads were determined to have a rich mineral content. The antioxidant potential of the bee breads was predicted using total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total condensed tannin (TCT) content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The TPC of the bee breads ranged between 2.041 +/- 0.170 and 3.224 +/- 0.006 mg GAE/g, while the TFC ranged from 0.323 +/- 0.004 to 1.903 +/- 0.017 mg QE/g. The FRAP assay showed antioxidant activity ranging from 17.778 +/- 0.207 to 49.752 +/- 0.856 mu mol FeSO4.7H2O/g, and the DPPH values were between 1.054 +/- 0.009 and 4.366 +/- 0.014 SC50 mg/mL. Using 25 standards, RP-HPLC-PDA quantified the composition of the phenolic compounds, attributed to their antioxidant activity. The highest concentrations were detected for t-cinnamic acid, rutin, and p-coumaric acid. One hundred nineteen volatile aromatic compounds were determined in the bee breads by solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). The obtained values suggest that bee breads could serve as a potential source of nutrients and bioactive compounds for value-added food supplements and functional foods.We are grateful to the SBS Bilimsel Bio Cozumler San. ve Tic. A.S. (Bee&You, BeeO Propolis) Research and Development Center for supplying the bee bread samples
DYNAMICS IN A PARABOLIC-ELLIPTIC CHEMOTAXIS SYSTEM WITH LOGISTIC SOURCE INVOLVING EXPONENTS DEPENDING ON THE SPATIAL VARIABLES
No full textWe consider the parabolic-elliptic chemotaxis system with the exponents depending on the spatial variables logistic source and nonlinear signal production: ut = Delta u-chi del (u del upsilon)+f (x, u), (x, t) is an element of Omega x (0, T), 0 = Delta upsilon - upsilon +u(gamma) in a bounded domain Omega subset of R-N (N > 1) with smooth boundary, subject to non negative initial data and homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions, where chi > 0, gamma >= 1 and partial derivative/partial derivative nu denotes the outward normal derivative on partial derivative Omega. The logistic function f fulfilling f (x, s) = 0, mu > 0 for all s > 0 with f (x, 0) >= 0 for all x is an element of Omega, where alpha : Omega -> [1, infinity) is a measurable function. It is proved that if 1 gamma or ess inf(x is an element of Omega) alpha (x) = gamma with mu > chi, then there exists a nonnegative classical solution (u, upsilon) that is global-in-time and bounded. In addition, under the particular conditions gamma = 1 and f (x, s) = mu (s - s(alpha(x)+1)), if mu is sufficiently large, the global bounded solution (u, upsilon) satisfies IIu (, t) - 1II(L)infinity(Omega) + II upsilon (, t) - 1II(L)infinity(Omega) 0 with k = min{ chi 2/4 , 1/2 } , C > 0. The global-in-time existence and uniform-in-time boundedness of solutions are established under specific parameter conditions, which improves the known results
Yabancı Dil Olarak Türkçe Öğretiminde Sadeleştirilmiş Metin Kullanımı
No full textAraştırmanın amacı, yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretiminde A2 düzeyine yönelik belirlenen bir okuma metninin sadeleştirilmesi, uygulanması ve okunabilirliğini tespit etmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda A. Adnan Adıvar’ın Bana Zehir Olan Şeker adlı metni A2 düzeyine göre sadeleştirilmiş, ardından özgün ve sadeleştirilmiş metinlerin okunabilirliği Ateşman (1997), Çetinkaya ve Uzun (2010) ve Bezirci ve Yılmaz (2010) tarafından geliştirilen formüllerle analiz edilmiş ve her iki metnin anlaşılabilirliği araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen başarı testi ile ölçülmüştür. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması kullanılmış ve başarı testi ile ilgili verilerin çözümlenmesinde betimleyici istatistik tekniklerinden yüzde ve frekans analizi kullanılmıştır. Özgün metin ile sadeleştirilmiş metnin okunabilirlik düzeyleri arasında farklar olduğu ve okunabilirlik formüllerinden hareketle sadeleştirilmiş metnin daha okunabilir olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca sadeleştirilmiş metin ve özgün metin TÖMER’de öğrenim gören 9 öğrenciye uygulanmış ve her iki metnin sonunda başarı testi ile öğrencilerin okuduğunu anlama düzeyleri ölçülmüştür. Başarı testi sonucuna göre ise öğrencilerin sadeleştirilmiş metni daha iyi anladıkları tespit edilmiştir
A new face presentation attack detection method based on face-weighted multi-color multi-level texture features
No full textBiometric data (facial, voice, fingerprint, and retinal scans, for example) are widely used in identification due to their unique and irreversible nature. Facial recognition technologies are employed in a wide range of applications due to their contactless nature and convenience. However, technological advancements and the availability of access to personal information have rendered these biometric systems susceptible to attacks utilizing fake faces. As a result, the issue of anti-spoofing has emerged as a critical one in the field of facial recognition. This study proposes a joint face presentation attack (FPA) detection method based on face-weighted multi-color multi-level LBP features extracted from the combination of device-dependent HSV and device-independent L*a*b* color spaces. The facial images were converted to HSV and L*a*b* color spaces. Three levels of regional LBP features were extracted from each color channel and then concatenated. Finally, a Multi-Color Multi-Level LBP (MCML_LBP) feature vector was obtained. In addition, the Face Weighted MCML_LBP feature vector was produced (FW_MCML_LBP) by adding the LBP histogram extracted from the central region of the normalized image. The feature vectors are used to train an SVM classifier after reducing their size using PCA. Twenty-five different test scenarios were subjected to experimentation on the CASIA and Replay-Attack databases. 2.11% EER and 0.19% HTER were achieved on CASIA (Overall) and Replay-Attack (Grandtest) databases, respectively, using the L*a*b color space and the proposed feature extraction method. The results of the study showed that the proposed method was successful in FPA detection compared to the state-of-the-art methods
A Multi-response Nonlinear Programming Model with an Inscribed Design to Optimize Bioreduction Conditions of (S)-phenyl (pyridin-2-yl)methanol by Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides N13
No full textAsymmetric bioreductions have the potential to synthesize chiral alcohols when catalyzed by biocatalysts. Nevertheless, the (S)-phenyl (pyridin-2-yl)methanol ((S)-2) analgesic synthesis poses significant challenges concerning unsatisfactory substrate amount and production method. Thus, this study proposes an inscribed design-focused multi-response nonlinear optimization model for the asymmetric reduction of the phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone (1) with Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides N13 biocatalyst. From the novel inscribed design-focused multi-response nonlinear optimization model, optimization conditions of the reaction, such as pH = 6, temperature = 29 degrees C, incubation time = 53 h, and agitation speed = 153 rpm, were found. Also, the reaction conversion was predicted to be 99%, and the product of the enantiomeric excess (ee) was 98.4% under the obtained optimization conditions. (S)-2 was obtained with 99% ee, 99% conversion, and 98% yield while performing a validation experiment using the determined optimized conditions. In addition, 1 with the amount of 11.9 g was converted entirely to (S)-2 (11.79 g, 98% isolated yield) on a high gram scale. Also, this study is noted as the first example of the gram-scale production of (S)-2 using an optimization strategy and biocatalyst. Further, the applicability of the inscribed design-focused optimization model in biocatalytic reactions has been demonstrated and provides an effective process for the analgesic synthesis of (S)-2, which is a green, cost-effective method of producing chiral aryl heteroaryl methanol.Bayburt UniversityThe authors of this paper would like to express their gratitude to the Central Research Laboratory of Bayburt University for the HPLC analysis and Prof. Enes Dertli from Y & imath;ld & imath;z Technical University for providing the biocatalyst
Transparan Elektronik Kalça Maketiyle Uygulanan Eğitimin İntramüsküler Enjeksiyon Uygulama Becerisi ve Kaygı Düzeyine Etkisi
No full textGiriş: İntramüsküler enjeksiyon uygulamasının yeterli bilgi ve beceriye sahip deneyimli hemşireler tarafından yapılması ilaç uygulama hatalarını azaltmaktadır. Amaç: Bu çalışma transparan elektronik kalça maketiyle uygulanan eğitimin öğrencilerin intramüsküler enjeksiyon uygulama becerilerine ve kaygı düzeylerine etkisini belirlemek amacı ile yapıldı. Yöntem: Nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tek gruplu ön test-son test deseninde tasarlanan bu çalışma yarı deneyseldir. Çalışma 01 Kasım - 01 Aralık 2023 tarihleri arasında bir devlet üniversitesinde öğrenim gören 53 hemşirelik öğrencisiyle gerçekleştirildi. Veriler Öğrenci Tanıtım Formu, İntramüsküler Enjeksiyon Uygulama Beceri Değerlendirme Formu ve Durumluk Kaygı Ölçeği ile toplandı. Tanımlayıcı istatistikler için sayı ve yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma, minimum, maksimum değerler kullanıldı. Verilerin analizi Wilcoxon işaretli - sıralar testi ve bağımlı gruplar t - testi ile yapıldı. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 19,05 ± 1,04 olup, %67,9’u kızdır. Öğrencilerin %90,6’sı yurtta yaşamakta olup, %69,8’inin gelirinin gidere denk olduğu, %71,7’sinin Anadolu lisesi mezunu olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin eğitim öncesinde ve sonrasında aldıkları puanlar karşılaştırıldığında, eğitim sonrası intramüsküler enjeksiyon uygulama becerisi puan ortalamalarının eğitim öncesinden istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğu görüldü (p 0,05). Sonuç: Öğrencilerin durumluk kaygı düzeyleri orta düzeydedir. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin klinik uygulama öncesinde tekrarlı intramüsküler enjeksiyon uygulamalarını simülasyon maketleri üzerinde yapmaları önerilmektedir
Behind the Scenes: A Critical Perspective on GenAI and Open Educational Practices
No full textArtificial Intelligence (AI) is a rapidly evolving field that is influencing every aspect of life. Generative AI (GenAI) as a sub-branch of AI is used to create content in various formats such as text, images, video, and audio. This paper discusses the implications of GenAI for Open Educational Practices (OEP), highlighting the potential affordances and challenges. GenAI can address the challenges within the OEP by leveraging openness and ethical use. GenAI’s “generative” nature and human-like language capability can provide resources such as course material, activities, examples, questions, assessment, and learning outcomes in the context of OEP. With machine learning and deep learning infrastructure, it can support the discoverability and accessibility of open resources by increasing the metadata quality. GenAI can automatically score student assignments, answer their questions, and provide instant feedback to address the lack of interaction and feedback that arises due to the large number of students, especially in massive open online courses (MOOC). On the other hand, GenAI brings challenges such as data privacy and security, copyright, biased outputs, and the generation of false information. The conclusions emphasize the importance of a nuanced approach that considers not only the advantages but also the risks associated with adopting GenAI in the OEP world. Researching and developing how to apply these technologies to education is important to shape the future of education. © 2024 The Author(s)
The Effect of Restaurant Shows on The Consumers’ Behaviors
No full textThis study aimed to reveal consumers' behavior towards restaurant shows. In this respect, the effect of restaurant quality on consumers' revisit intention through consumer satisfaction and share intention on social media was investigated, and whether the attitude towards shows has a moderating effect in this relationship was identified. In the study, data was collected from a total of 466 fine-dining restaurant customers. Direct, mediating, and regulatory effects were analyzed with the data collected. The results showed that restaurant quality components (food quality, service quality, and physical environment quality) affected consumers' intention to revisit. Additionally, the mediating effect of satisfaction and intention to share on social media was proven in this relationship. Moreover, it revealed the moderating effect of consumers' attitudes towards shows. Therefore, depending on the consumers' reactions to the shows, it can be possible to determine the quality levels of the restaurants and to change the intentions of the consumers who have low intention to revisit the restaurant shows to be held afterward