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Appraisal of Optimum Economic Life for Farm Tractor: A Case Study
Get PDFAgricultural equipment gets deteriorated mechanically and their functionality decreased with time and usage. In order to manage such equipment, it requires higher operating and maintenance cost, as a result of this, there is a need to replace them. Decision making about the replacement of used farm equipment with a new similar one is one of the important aspects of farm machinery management. Based on that criterion, the objective of the investigation was decided to estimate the economic operational life of tractors in the central region of Madhya Pradesh, India and to evaluate the effect of different parameters on economic life, which would add value to the profitable management decision. The tractor data collected were from government agricultural centres in the different regions of M.P. and categorized them into different groups based on their horsepower rating. Considering the preventive replacement policy the total annual average costs of tractors were estimated taking account into the repair cost and depreciation cost. The time period (in year), when the total annual average cost touched its minimum value, was decided as the economic life of a tractor. There is a negative correlation (r= -0.835) found between size (HP) of tractors and their economic life. And an empirical relation based on multiple regression analysis has been generated to predict the economic operational life of a tractor using per unit repair cost and annual usage (hours) as variables
Analysis of Resource use Efficiency in Apple Production on Outer Himalayan Range of Chenab Valley
Get PDFThe present study was carried out in the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir state with special emphasis on selected districts viz., Doda, Kishtwar and Rambam, as these regions had the highest area and production under apple crop. Both primary as well as secondary data has been used as per requirements of the study. A multistage sampling technique had been used for the present study. To study the functional relationship between yield of apple and the selected independent variables, Cobb Douglas type of production function in log linear form had been fitted to the collected data for marginal farms, small farms, medium farms and on all the farms put together. The analysis had shown that the co-efficient of determination (R2) indicated that 68.3 per cent, 71.2 per cent, 73.7 per cent and 75.5 per cent of the variations in the output of apple had been explained by the six independent variables included in the production function for the marginal, for the Small, for the medium and for the overall sample apple growers respectively. The analysis had also revealed that the sum of the production elasticities for the marginal farmers was 1.403, for the small farmers was 1.57, for the medium farmers was 2.53 and for all sample farmers put together it was 1.989 which showed operation of increasing return to for all categories of apple farmers. Increasing trend in returns to scale of apple suggested the planners to plan strategies for long run so as to safeguard the interest of apple growers involved in the production process
Changing Cropping Pattern in Kheri District, Uttar Pradesh, India
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to examine the cropping pattern in Kheri District, Uttar Pradesh, India. This paper also estimated the changing cropping pattern at the block level between 2009-10 and 2014-15, how the choices of the farmers are changing for the alteration of crops with the time motivated by modern technologies, land disintegration, frequent flash floods, deforestation, fluctuation on the market, etc. Kheri district has been considered as the study area for this research paper. The study has been carried out at the block level. The data has been derived from the district statistical handbooks. Field visits and personal interviews have been done to fathom the real situations and motivating factors for the changing crop pattern. The findings demonstrate that there is a net loss in the cropped area in the district during 2010 and 2015. The crop pattern changed in these five years. The area under cereal crops declined and sugarcane cultivation accelerated. Market and flash floods were the main factors to affect the acreage of the crops
Direction and Destination Pattern of Indian Mango & Mango Pulp’s Exports
Get PDFThis study explores growth dimensions, instability, sources of growth and variability of mango and mango pulp exports to major importing countries. The secondary data on volume and value of mango and mango pulp exports from India collected for 30 years from the year 1987-2016 were analyzed using Markov Chain and accordingly the future exports were forecasted. UAE and Kuwait for fresh mango and Saudi Arabia, UAE and Netherland for mango pulp were the most stable markets. It was predicted that quantum of mango export to countries Viz; Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and UK are expected to increase while quantity exported to UAE, Bangladesh and other countries are expected to decline from the year 2016-17. On the other hand, for mango pulp, forecasting revealed that in terms of quantity its export to UK, UAE, Netherland and USA would rise and quantity exported to Saudi Arabia, YAR and other countries would decline. A need for more concentration on export promotion to tap the potential and strengthening of existing processing units by providing access to information on modern technology, packaging, markets, food laws and hygiene requirements of different market are suggestions emerged from the study
Determinants of Growth and Instability of Groundnut Production in Karnataka: Evidence from Hazel’s Decomposition Model
Get PDFThe study conducted in Karnataka state with an objective to find out the sources of growth and instability of groundnut production. The CAGR, CDI and Hazel’s decomposition model was used. The growth pattern showed a downward trend along with higher instability in area, production and yield of groundnut in all the districts during period II. The variation in groundnut production was predominantly due to interaction effect of yield and area during period I, whereas change in mean area largely contributed during period II in the state. The change in mean yield, change in mean area, interaction effect and change in residuals had a stabilizing effect on groundnut production. The change in mean yield and change in mean area was primary sources of growth in all the districts and divisions. The study suggests that the research efforts may be concentrated on developing a suitable yield increasing technology in the state like HYV, expansion of irrigation area under groundnut. It helps to enhance the per unit production of groundnut as well as stabilize the area and yield of the groundnut in the state in particular and country as a whole
Multidimensional Poverty: An Exploratory Study in Purulia District, West Bengal
Get PDFThis paper explores the incidence and extent of multidimensional poverty for the households in Purulia district, the western most backward district of West Bengal in India. In context of Purulia district the decompositions of multidimensional poverty index (MPI) across the social castes and across the indicators have also been explained. MPI and its decomposition across the sub-groups have been computed using the methodology developed by Alkire and Foster (2007) and Alkire et al. (2011). This study covers twelve non income indicators under three dimensions education, health and living conditions. Collecting a set of primary data from 698 households in Purulia district during 2018, this study reveals that the incidence of multidimensional poverty in the district of Purulia is higher than that in national level. But the breadth of poverty is almost equal to that in India as a whole. In respect of poverty there is wide variation across the social castes. Among the indicators, use of dirty cooking fuel, not having improved sanitation have highest contribution to the district MPI
Economic Analysis of Tomato Cultivation in Kandi Block of West-Bengal, India
Get PDFIn the present study an attempt has been made to study the economic analysis of tomato cultivation in Kandi block, Murshidabad district, West Bengal. For this 60 tomato growers selected from the study area. The primary data for the agriculture year 2016-17 were collected by personal interviews of the selected farmer, using a multistage sampling method with the help of pre-tested survey schedule. The main objectives were to analyze the cost and return structure of tomato cultivation and to identify the major constraints faced by the farmers in tomato cultivation. The total sample size was 60. Simple statistical tools like Averages, percentages, cost concepts and garrett ranking were used to interpret the results properly. The overall findings of the study reveal that the cost of cultivation of tomato was ` 50879.94 out of which total variable cost was ` 40456.52. The net income of the farmers per acre.was ` 83385.80. Output in the study area found to be 8853 kg per acre and cost of production was estimated ` 5.74 per kg. The major constraints identified in tomato cultivation were Non availability of institutional support, disease and pest attack, high cost of seeds, high cost of pesticides and high cost of labours during peak season etc
Economic Analysis of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) in Sonepat District of Haryana
Get PDFThe present study has been designed to investigate cost of cultivation and returns per hectare of guava fruit. A sample of thirty guava farmers was taken purposively from various villages in Rai block of Sonepat district of Haryana. On the basis of the nature of data, various statistical and economic tools were used for estimation of cost and returns of guava production. The average first year establishment costs per hectare for guava has been worked out to be ` 77527. The per hectare per year returns from guava orchards have been worked out to be ` 223308. The economic viability of the guava, mainly net present value, internal rate of return, benefit-cost ratio and payback period have been computed as ` 599313.66, 26.11 per cent, 1:3.09 and 7 years, respectively. The findings of study shows that guava growing is a step towards the diversification and commercialization of agriculture in the state and it also helps in doubling the farmers’ income. Keeping in view all the facts, there is need to develop early fruit bearing varieties of guava, timely supply of necessary inputs to make guava cultivation more profitable
Does Economic Integration Really Improve Trade Competitiveness? The Case of BRICS
Get PDFThis research assesses the trade competitiveness of BRICS nations during the period 2001-2017. The ultimate aim of the study is to investigate the effects of economic integration in enhancing the trade competitiveness of member countries. Various price and non-price measures that carry information on trade competitiveness are computed and their relative importance is analyzed. The findings of the research demonstrate the asymmetric pattern of trade development in BRICS region even after the formation of group. The benefits under integration are more country specific and in particular, the partnership favors more to the growth of China and India. Surprisingly, the research finds the loosely linked stock markets as and real exchange markets in BRICS that acclaims the lack of consensus among market regulators in their intervention policies
Economic Appraisal of Bio-Priming Mediated Stress Moderation in Crop Plants
Get PDFThe primary restraint in crop production and food security worldwide is exposure of crop to stress conditions viz., abiotic and biotic which has driven the attention of scientists. Stress conditions induce changes in plant internal functions leads to reduction in plant growth and yield. The adverse economic losses due to abiotic stresses can be mitigated by application of chemicals such as anti-transpirants, nutrients and plant growth regulators, while the biotic stresses by application of pesticides and fungicides. Another way to resist stress conditions is adoption of modern breeding technologies and biotechnological strategies to produce climate resilient crops. Promotion of chemicals and biotechnology tools negatively impacts soil health, environment as well as socio-economic status of the farmer. Though the use of agro-chemicals is unavoidable in modern agriculture, indiscriminate use of chemicals would cause imbalance in environment and reduction in benefit to cost ratio (B: C) of farmer. In this context to make the crop production profitable, the review has outlined different economic considerations associated with biopriming mediation for stress moderation in different crop plants