Economic Affairs - Official Publication of AESRA
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Inter-Relationship of Major Sectors of Indian Economy: Co-Integration and Granger Causality Analysis
Get PDFThe study has investigated country’s GDP integration across five major sectors of Indian economy, viz. agriculture, service, industry, manufacturing and mining and quarrying by adopting Johansen’s multivariate co-integration approach. The study has confirmed the presence of co-integration, implying the long-run GDP association among the Sectors. To get the additional evidence as to whether and in which direction GDP transmission is occurring between the sector pairs, Granger causality test has been used, which has confirmed agriculture and service has the bidirectional cause, service has unidirectional cause on manufacturing, industry has unidirectional cause on service and agriculture has unidirectional cause on manufacturing so this sector has the significant effect. The major implication of the study is for the designing of a network of GDP interaction among the major sectors of Indian economy and to know in which direction one sector is influencing another
Production and Marketing Analysis of Knol-khol under Sub-Tropical Conditions of Jammu Region: A case study
Get PDFThe numbers of small farms are increasing over time mainly due to division and subdivision and sale and resale of farms. These small farms are inefficient for growing crops such as wheat, cotton, sugarcane and rice, since a lot of money resource is prerequisite for growing these crops. With such circumstances, crops that are short duration and fetch high returns are suitable for such farms. Such crops are vegetables that not only give high returns but they are also a cheap source of essential nutrients. The present study has analysed the cost and return analysis as well as technical efficiency of knol-khol producing farms of Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir state. Three districts Jammu, Udhampur and Samba are selected for the said study. DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) have been used for the estimating the technical efficiency. Farmers in the study area used purchased as well as home produced inputs. The costs of home produced inputs were calculated in monetary terms on the basis of opportunity cost principle i.e., the market price. The cost of cultivation is found to be Rs 7796.65 /acre (overall) with ` 7743.27/acre for Bhalwal block and ` 7850.02/acre for Marh block for Jammu district, in Samba district, the overall average was ` 6855.57/acre with ` 6416.38/acre for Vijaypur block and ` 7294.76 for Samba block and it was Rs 7999.68/acre (overall average), ` 8166.21/acre (Udhampur block) and ` 7833.15/acre (Chenani block) in Udhampur district. The gross returns were ` 25250.00/acre, ` 31500.00/acre, ` 27720.00/acre, ` 34560.00/acre, ` 27000.00/acre and ` 36300.00/acre for Bhalwal, Marh, Vijaypur, Samba, Udhampur and Chenani blocks whereas the overall average for Jammu, Samba and Udhampur districts were ` 28325.00/acre,
` 31050.00/acre and ` 31500.00/acre, respectively
Impact of Agricultural Technology Management Agency on Different Enterprises for the Enhancement of Production and Income to the Rural Economy of Nagaland
Get PDFThe present study was conducted in Mokokchung and Peren Districts of Nagaland. A sample of 160 respondents (out of the total, 80 were beneficiaries and 80 were non-beneficiaries of ATMA programme) were selected from both the districts from blocks and further from 8 villages based on proportionate simple random sampling method. The study shows an impact on crops, livestock as well as other selected enterprises on production and productivity of the beneficiaries of ATMA programme it may be concluded that it is due to the adoption of good varieties / species and management skill developed by them in the study area with especial reference to selected field crops, cereals, pulses, oil seeds, vegetables, animal husbandry, fishery and plantation crops by the adoption of production techniques and available technology adopted in the study area, further to access the impact on income level z-test being adopted, which justified the study to have an positive impact on the different selected enterprises
Male Out-Migration and its Impact on Women Empowerment in West Bengal
Get PDFIn this paper, an attempt has been made to measure the empowerment of women in terms of sustained increase in income earning capacity accompanied by a freedom of choice in families which have come across out-migration of male members. This measure of empowerment of women is mainly based on three indicators, viz. restrictions placed on them, their decision-making powers and their mobility. This study shows that out-migration of male members has not generated any significant impact on the empowerment of women members of those families. The most general factors which increase mobility of women, the decision-making power and relatively less social restrictions placed on them are age, their education, marital duration, residential status and occupation
Cost Escalation in Cotton Cultivation: An Analysis
Get PDFThere is a growing discontentment among Indian cotton farmers because of declining profitability. Increase in production costs, yield stagnation and volatile output prices have affected the net incomes adversely. In this study we analysed cost of cotton cultivation to elucidate reasons for cost escalation. Cost of cultivation data obtained from the Directorate of Economics and Statistics for the period 2000-01 to 2014-15 was used for the analysis. It was found that an increase in human labour wage rates was the major factor that contributed to cost escalation. Fertilizers were another factor that contributed to cost escalation. Selective mechanization for curtailing human labour consumption and judicious use of fertilizers are options to lower the cost of cotton cultivation
Marketing Behavior of Banana Grower in Bhagalpur District of Bihar
Get PDFThe study was conducted on primary data, collected from a sample of 60 banana growers, consisted of 26 (43%), 25 (42%) and 9 (15%) marginal & small, semi-medium and medium & large category. The data were collected from the sample growers with the help of specifically prepared pre-tested schedules through Survey Method by interviewing them, selected through Multi-Stage Sampling Technique from a cluster of 3 villages of Nawgachhia block of Bhagalpur district. The growers in general (76.67%) were found selling banana in ‘local market’. The semi-medium and medium & large category (36.0 and 56.0 per cent) growers were also found selling it to ‘distant markets’. The ‘contract sale’ was pre-dominantly prevailed as ‘mode of sale’ in the area. The ‘cash sale’ as-well-as ‘credit sale’ was prevailing in the area. The marginal & small category growers sold banana to the pre-harvest contractors
Emerging Dimensions of Women Entrepreneurship: Developments & Obstructions
Get PDFWomen entrepreneurship has been recognized as an important factor of economic development. Women entrepreneurs can originate new jobs for themselves and others. However, they still represent a minority of all entrepreneurs. Women is an essential part of key economic activities and for nation development. Women entrepreneurs often face gender-based barriers to starting and growing their businesses, like discriminatory property, matrimonial and inheritance laws and or cultural practices, lack of access to formal finance mechanisms, limited mobility and access to information and networks, etc. Women’s entrepreneurship can make a particularly strong contribution to the economic well-being of the family and communities, poverty reduction and women’s empowerment, thus contributing to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Thus, governments across the world as well as various developmental organizations are actively undertaking promotion of women entrepreneurs through various schemes, incentives and promotional measures
Diagnostic Analysis of Technology Adoption and Factors Influencing Adoption Level of Tribal Farmers of Madhya Pradesh
Get PDFThe agricultural technologies developed in the country have generated more income and employment to the cultivators. However, tribal dominated regions of Madhya Pradesh falling under such conditions of agricultural backwardness have not yet been able to benefit from the fruits of technological innovation fully or even partly. Keeping this in view a study on technology adoption and its determinants has been conducted in Santna districts of M.P. Using multistage stratified random sampling techniques total 120 tribal farmers were selected from 10 villages of two block such as majhgawan and shohawal RD block of Stana district of Madya Pradesh. The examination of technology adoption revealed that the area under study was characterized by preponderance of low level of technology adoption and smaller sized farms, the position of which in respect of adoption of new technology was quite disheartening. The increase in the level of adoption was accompanied by increase in the size of holding, use of family workers and maintenance of bullock pairs/machinery. The increase in investment on fixed capital, particularly farm implements and machinery was associated with increase in the technology adoption. Wheat and Soyabean were the predominant crops of the area under study with the highest percentage of area under HYVs compared to other crops. The intensity of cropping, use of bullock labour and hired human labour were found to increase with the increase in the level of adoption. The scores of social determinant particularly literacy index exhibited positive influence on the level of technology adoption. Similarly, the scores of psychological determinants, viz., attitude towards HYVs, risk orientation and credit orientation were observed to increase with the increase in Further, it was observed that increase in the level of adoption was associated with increase in the level of income from the crops grown on sample farms
Movement of Real Wage Rate and Labour Productivity in Manufacturing Sector in India: The Role of Contract Labour
Get PDFThe present study attempts to find out the relationship between real wage rate and labour productivity as well as the wage share and labour’s terms of trade in the manufacturing sector in India at both aggregated and disaggregated levels, during the post reform years. The empirical analysis reveals that in the organized manufacturing industry the declining wage share neutralizes the effect of increasing labour productivity resulting in stagnant wage rate growth. This absence of a link between productivity and real wage may be largely due to lower bargaining power and structural problems, including high unemployment, low wages, growing contractualisation of labour force and the large share of the informal sector in the Indian manufacturing sector. To bring back the economy to a stable growth path, efficient policy efforts on the part of the government are necessary to link productivity with real wage growth
Relationship between Profile Characteristics with Knowledge and Adoption of Transplanting Method of Pigeon Pea Cultivation Practices
Get PDFThe research study was conducted in Kalaburagi district of Karnataka during the year 2014-15 by using ex-post-facto research design. The total sample of 120 was derived from three taluks of a district by using random sampling method. It is concluded from the present study that, transplanting method of pigeon pea cultivation practices is well known among the respondents. It is seen that education, farming experience, land holding, annual income, risk orientation, scientific orientation, extension participation and sources of information showed positive and highly significant relationship at one per cent level, Whereas, innovativeness and mass media utilization showed positive and significant relationship at five per cent level. One variable i.e., age showed non-significant relationship with knowledge level of transplanting pigeon pea farmers. Farming experience showed positive and highly significant relationship at one per cent level, whereas, education, land holding, annual income, innovativeness, risk orientation, scientific orientation, extension participation, mass media utilization and sources of information showed positive and significant relationship at five per cent level. One variable i.e., age showed non-significant relationship with adoption level of transplanting pigeon pea farmers