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Analysis of Technical Efficiency in Mustard Production in Different Agro-Climatic Zones of Haryana and Punjab
Get PDFThis paper help in analyzing Technical Efficiencies (TE), in different agricultural production stages for growing mustard, adopted by the farmers of Punjab &Haryana in smallholding farming communities following the fast-track agricultural reform of the year 2014 with a view of highlighting key entry points for policy in the context of “Doubling of Farmers Income”. Using a randomly selected sample of 350 smallholder mustard producers in the districts of south western Punjab and north western Haryana, a stochastic frontier production model was applied, using a linear Cobb–Douglas production function to determine the production elasticity coefficients of inputs, technical efficiency and the determinants of efficiency. The TE can be proved immensely helpful to avoid the situation of indebtedness, low yield and farmer’s suicides in other Indian states. The study finds that mustard output responds positively to the increases in inorganic fertilizers, seed quantity, the use of labour and the area planted. The analysis for mustard growers depict 90 per cent of farmers in the study area, are technically efficient between 70 and 85 per cent, with an average of 77 per cent. The crucial factors of technical efficiency were the gender of head, size of family and frequency of extension services and visits, size of farm and the farming region. This paper represents a case study of south western Punjab and western Haryana to conclude the advanced middle stage farmers of both the state transforming the income generation from agricultural production by making possible use of efficient technology in production for High Yield Varieties (HYV) of mustard.JEL Codes: O21, O33, Q12, Q1
Economic Evaluation of Poplar based Agro-forestry System in Punjab
Get PDFThe present study was conducted in Punjab to examine the financial viability of poplar based agro-forestry system. The data were collected for the year 2015-16. The total sample of 70 farmers was selected which grew poplar as block plantation. BC ratio, NPV and annuity value were estimated. Two types of agro-forestry systems AFS-1 (wheat + khariff fodder during first four years) and AFS-2 (sugarcane for first two years and wheat during 3-4 years) were identified. AFS-2 (NPV ` 164998/acre) gave marginally higher returns than AFS-1 (` 155489/acre) at 12% discount rate at fourth year of harvesting. The study revealed that net returns from poplar cultivation were at par with pure cropping system as the returns from paddy-wheat rotation were ` 46833/acre in 2015-16
Cost and Return Analysis of Kinnow Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) with the Foliar Application of Potassium and Plant Growth Regulators
Get PDFKinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) belongs to family Rutaceae. In India, Kinnow is being grown in Punjab, Rajasthan, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and Uttar Pradesh. To evaluate the most profitable treatment, economic analysis of treatments was worked out in terms of net return and Cost benefit ratio (C: B) ratio. The cost incurred on basin preparation per tree (` 40), Cost of FYM per tree (` 60), Cost of Urea per tree (` 3), Cost of DAP per tree (` 12.60), Cost of MOP per tree (` 30) and miscellaneous charges (Irrigation, plant protection measures, harvesting of fruits etc.) per tree (` 150) was found to be same in all the treatments. The cost incurred on the preparation of different solutions of potassium nitrate (KNO3) in various treatments was found to be ` 18.60 for 3.0 % KNO3 per tree followed by ` 12.40 for 2.0 % KNO3 and ` 6.20 for 1.0 % KNO3 and in preparation of different solutions of potassium sulphate (K2SO4) it was found to be ` 9.90 for 1.5 % K2SO4 per tree followed by ` 6.60 for 1.0 % K2SO4 and ` 3.30 for 0.5 % K2SO4. In case of preparation of ethrel in different treatments was found to be ` 6.75 for 450 ppm ethrel followed by ` 4.50 for 300 ppm ethrel and ` 2.25 for 150 ppm ethrel and the cost incurred for preparation of 75 ppm GA3 was found to be ` 22.60. It was found that 75 ppm GA3 treatment was best and showed highest net returns per tree ` 916.35. Thus, Kinnow mandarin trees treated with GA3 75 ppm was found to be best treatment combination as evidenced by cost: benefit ratio of 1: 3.8
Economic Assessment of Lemon Production in Ukhrul District of Manipur
Get PDFLemon production is a profitable enterprise as it improves the economic life of the farmers. The study was conducted in three villages of Lungchong Maiphei block in Ukhrul district of Manipur. Samples of 90 respondents were selected randomly by using Proportionate Random Sampling method. The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of area is positive for all the districts. The highest growth rate at 38.85% was recorded in Tamenglong followed by Senapati (23.68%) and Ukhrul (18.12%). Total cost of cultivation for lemon was ` 98301.31/ha. The total net farm income was ` 206886.67/ha. Net present value and payback period were found to be ` 61816.36 and 7.5 respectively. The Benefit Cost ratio (BCR) over total cost was equal to 1.23 indicating lemon production was economically viable
Study of Yield Gap Analysis among Paddy Growers in Plain Zone of Chhattisgarh State
Get PDFThe present study analyses the total yield gap in paddy crop in to three different gaps viz. yield gap-I, yield gap-II and total yield gap. The study based on primary as well as secondary data was carried out in three districts of plain zone namely Rajnandgoan, Mahasamund and Dhamtari districts. At the second and third stage of sampling, two blocks and two villages were selected from each district and each block, respectively to constitute a total of 6 blocks and 12 villages. Primary data were collected from a sample of 240 paddy farmers (20 from each village) through personal interview method and secondary data were collected from respective districts of K.V.K in crop year 2016-17. Most of the sample farmers were growing Rajeshwari (IGKV R -1) variety of paddy crop. Yield gap analysis shows that 13.22 per cent yield gap was estimated between potential and potential farm yield where as yield gap between potential farm yield and actual yield was estimated overall 20.00 per cent. Index of realized potential farm yield was observed 71.78 per cent on marginal farms to 89.44 per cent on large farms with an overall average of 80.00 per cent. It may be inferred from the study that the use of important variable has to be carefully extended by the paddy farmers to minimize the yield gap. Besides, the input supply of quality inputs viz. seeds, farm yard manure, irrigation and plant protection measures on different categories of farms may help to reduce the yield gap of the crop on the one hand and raise the income of the cultivators on the other
The Impact of Microfinance: Helping to Improve Donor Effectiveness in Microfinance
Get PDFMicrofinance as a financial tool has also seen ups and downs. During 2011, market commentators predicted the end of India’s microfinance market but as on 31 March 2014, there were more than 74.30 lakh savings-linked SHGs, covering over 9.7 crore poor households. The total savings of these SHGs with banks amounted to ` 9897.42 crore. The number of credit-linked SHGs under the programme was 41.97 lakh. In 2011, the government of the state of Andhra Pradesh was seeking to prohibit the microloans business. After the crisis, RBI has handled the sector very vigilantly, carefully and very thoughtfully. The National Bank continued to provide 100 per cent refinance assistance to banks for financing SHGs. The SHG–Bank Linkage Programme (SHG–BLP) has expanded substantially since it was first launched on a pilot scale in 1992. The geographical spread of the movement has also been quite impressive from an essentially Andhra Pradesh – Karnataka phenomenon in the beginning now spreading to even the most remote corners of India. This paper tries to address impact of microfinance on women self help group members in comparison with non-beneficiaries of the microfinance schemes. Study found that the impact of microfinance on rural women economic condition is positive and microfinance is reforming their life
An Appraisal of Performance of Primary Agricultural Co-operative Societies (PACS) in Nadia District of West Bengal
Get PDFPrimary Agricultural Cooperative Societies (PACS) – the age-long rural institutions were set up mainly focussing credit aspects of farming community. However, with the passage of time PACS have undergone many changes in terms of their modus operandi as well as objectives. Of late they have been mobilizing financial resources from rural households in the form of savings etc. Additionally, they are now promoting Self-Help-Groups (SHGs), particularly women-groups who were untouched earlier. In this paper, attempt is being made to examine performance of PACS in terms of its coverage, inclusion, economic efficiency, social responsibility and prudence in financial management. The study is based on secondary data relating to the period 2007-08 to 2016-17 referring to randomly selected seven PACS of Nadia district, West Bengal. Finally the authors point out to the weaknesses and pitfalls of societies and conclude with some suggestions for strengthening PACS. It has been observed that PACS have broadened their base in terms membership growth and quantum of loan-disbursement. However, they have showed poor performance in recovery and decelerating NPA growth. The reasons for growths in Overdue and NPA need critical observations at ground level. An exhaustive evaluation is needed whether overdue or NPA are owing to growth of wilful or non-wilful defaulters
A Probe into Rural Households’ Food Accessibility Scenario: A Micro Level Study in West Bengal
Get PDFFood security is recognized as a basic human right and in the ‘Sustainable Development Summit’ of 2015, achieving ‘Zero Hunger’ by 2030 has been set as one of the 17 sustainable development goals. The incidence of hunger is very much region or context-specific. India remains at ‘serious’ category in Global Hunger Index Severity Scale, 2017. Food accessibility being the most important pillar of food security, in this paper we attempt to assess the incidence, depth and severity of food inaccessibility at the household level in three villages of the district of Birbhum, West Bengal. The study, based on primary data covering 257 households, also intends to examine food accessibility of the households classified by their primary source of income. We have taken monthly per capita consumption expenditure (MPCE) on food as the indicator of food accessibility. The MPCE on food as per the minimum food basket set by the Planning Commission in 2014 and the mean MPCE on food for rural West Bengal as determined by the NSSO in 2011 are considered as two threshold levels. The study reveals the alarming reality that a significant percentage of households with zero operational land and marginal farmers do not have food accessibility. An inquiry into the sources of income of the households reveals that there exists (i) a negative relation between wage income and food accessibility, (ii) an inverse relation between income generated from farm activity and food accessibility and (iii) a positive relation between income from regular service, trade, business and food accessibility
Economics and Constraints of Large Cardamom Cultivation in Zunheboto District of Nagaland
Get PDFThe present paper studied the economics of large cardamom cultivation using primary data collected from a sample of 80 large cardamom growers of Zunheboto district. It has been found that investment in large cardamom is a profitable business. Total cost of cultivation for large cardamom was ` 83188.29/ha and net farm income was ` 251559.65/ha. The values of economic parameters, viz, NPV, BCR, IRR and PBP was worked out to be ` 98129.31/ha, 1.66(over total cost), 35 per cent and 4.3 years respectively, thus, confirmed the economic viability and certainty of investment in large cardamom plantation. Non availability of planting materials on time was the major constraint reported in the study area. The study has emphasized on the need of participatory quality planting material production at village level which will facilitate in effective supply of seedlings at proper time
Productivity and Resource Use Efficiency in Wheat: A Stochastic Production Frontier Approach
Get PDFFarm level technical efficiency and its determinants in wheat production in the state of Bihar has been studied using stochastic frontier production function model. The average productivity of wheat was reported 28.43 q/ha which was below the national average of 30.33 q/ha during 2016-17. The resource inputs were found inelastic and not being properly utilized. All the resource inputs were found positive and significant at 1 per cent and 5 per cent level of probability except machine labour used which was negatively significant, indicating overuse of machine labour or costly machine labour. The mean input efficiency in production of wheat in the state was estimated to be 94 per cent, emphasizing that efficiency may be enhanced by 6 per cent. The factors influencing efficiency were identified as education, family size and landholding size. The mean technical efficiency was found to be 0.94 indicted that optimal and sustainable use of resource inputs may further raise the input use efficiency in wheat production by 6 per cent and consequently boost up the income of the wheat cultivators in the state